Linux下软件包的安装与管理

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\   š › s ¨“¦© apache š › [root@WEBServer~]#cd /apache # ­ ®à apache š › [root@WEBServer apache]#wget \ # s t apache VX >http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.9.tar.bz2 [root@WEBServer apache]#tar -jxvf httpd-2.2.9.tar.bz2 # ¯° apache VX [root@WEBServer apache]#ls # ¯ =¯°œ á httpd-2.2.9 httpd-2.2.9.tar.bz2 2 ¬ 6C_` ´µ [root@WEBServer apache]#cd httpd-2.2.9 # ­ ®à httpd-2.2.9 š › s [root@WEBServer httpd-2.2.9]#./configure --prefix=/opt/apache2.2.9 \ >--enable-so \ >--enable-mods-shared=most \ >--enable-proxy-balancer=shared \ >--enable-proxy-http=shared \ >--enable-proxy-ajp \ >--enable-rewrite ¡� ®^ º» ¼ƒ€ apache a_`š › Í /opt/apache2.2.9 Y ó 3ƒ€„ … ¸¹a apache †‡n s º f½¾ ¿ üц‡ W £ a V t Y ° � � a± ²³ apache Րn l --enable-so Œ Ì ® £ = x Apache | }´ µ DSO † v Y ü¶· z ai Apache2.0 ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � } Þa  õ nk á âa Apache i 1.3 �p Y ™eÍØ --enable-module=soÙ n l --enable-mods-shared=most Œ Ì ® £ =b帹defÒ z a†‡ Y 7Ý , g| } ž Œ a K t ¦Ñ†‡ Ymost �¸i • ËV é Ò z a†‡ Y Å Æ } bå K t † v K t nk áz ai Apache1.3, eÍØ --enable-shared=maxÙ œ |n l --enable-proxy-balancer=shared Œ Ì ® £ = x apache ´ µ¹ t º»‚ƒ Y œ b åa¸¹ apache a¹ t º»†‡n l --enable-proxy-http=shared Œ Ì ® £ =b帹 apache a httpW ’†‡n l --enable-proxy-ajp Œ Ì ® £ =b帹 apache a proxy-ajp †‡n l --enable-rewrite Œ Ì ® x apache ´ µ¼½ßà Y œ b帹 apache a rewrite †‡n 3 ¬ ¸¹_`bc [root@WEBServer httpd-2.2.9]#make [root@WEBServer httpd-2.2.9]#make install _` ïø Yapache¾ _`à /opt/apache2.2.9 s Y ç s L » ¼ � | } ô z apache bc � n 5.2 � ������ 5.2.1 RPM������� RPM i Red Hat Package Manager aÔÄ Y p� � i Redhat bc Ë ‘’ Y i o ÜN Redhat¿ÀT E1La linuxs bc Ë ‘’' ( Y N O üsbc‘’ uvþ Ò u  Y Á ¾ ] � linux E ÷à Ÿ Ä z Y 2 \ÅS­Í linux ²³ s é z abc Ë ‘’ uv Y jk Fedora l RedhatlsuselMandrakem p Æ linux E ÷ �ph~· z� üsbc Ë ‘’ uv n RPMË ‘’ëŽ O windows s aØÇ K / –—#W Ù )i‚ƒÈ ØÇ K / –—#W ÙÉ d” ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � În\ Linux a RS _`ÊË û Y ž”Î } Ø .rpmÙ œÌabc Ë Y üÑ Ë Õc � i » ¼ Ÿ ¥ a RPM ÕcnÍ© RPM Õc û ËV � ÅS¸¹ x aH ö | A÷ Õc Y ]F � iîbc V X Õc ö÷ ¸¹_` Y ÝÞ ö÷Î ` Y� ­ � RPM Õc Y ëŽÏ windows _` Ë û aØ .exeÙ Õcn ‰Ł RPM Õc û ‹ ËV �" ÷ | A÷ Õc Ÿ „a] � Õc Y üÐg � windows s a bc Ë ëŽ Ywindows #W a_` Ë û Y — � Ø exeÙ | A÷ Õc Y ‹ž] � `a " ÷ aÕcn RPM Ë ‘’ uv aÑÐi ®_`XY u  Y Z ÍbcÅS¸¹ ï ­Ó Ë ïø Y _` • i ©MN ´µ � ¯°a ê# n ‰Ł éê RPM uv _`abc YRPM ' ( hÇÒ › bca_` Ó Ô Y ün u  � bcÕÞaÖ× Y ØÙ � “ t n RPMË ‘’ uv a : Ði˜ PQRS ´µ a`a”d Y � … � RPMË a_` ´µÚÛ Ï RPM Ë Î `3a ´µ ñ¦Ü À ñ7n‹„ … >?_`3Ï RS !Ñbc Ë a`aO R Y jk „ … _` A bc Y )i A bc„ … RS ž B� C bca ´ µ Y * � � ÚÛ Ü_` B � C b c Y ÝÞ݃_` A bcnügi » ¼\ z RPMË uv _`bc„ … Þ½¡�a¼ u n 5.2.2 RPM������ RPMË a Î `× v ¦§ž � s Y f½i RPM� SRPM YSRPMË gi¦s RPM Y )i � ËV � ¸¹3a VX Õc � ¦Ñ¸¹ƒ€a ²ß Õc Y Z [ \ô z a34„ … ßà ö÷ ¸¹ Y é Ò SRPM ˜™a RPM ÕcëŽÏØ xxxxxxxx.src.rpmÙ × v n s º» ¼ ff w¦ s � s RPMË ˜™aÕcá V t ® jk¦© rpm Õc ® nxserver-2.1.0-22.i386.rpm ] û Ø nxserverÙ £ =bcaáâ Y Ø 2.1.0Ù £ =bca�pã Y Ø 22Ù £ =bc ° àE ÷ ac ß Y Ø i386Ù £ = äå £ ca²³ Y o ÞaØ .rpmÙ i rpm bc Ë a‹ R n ¦§a RPM Î ` Ë a ì á× v hžü™©ef ¬ ­ Y N O SRPMË i„ … ¸¹Ýƒô z ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � a Y Z‰  ž^ º ¯ = Ì û ˜™a²³ Œ Ì Y ] � Ï RPMË ìí × vïæ ¦nn ˜ O RPMË a™© ¬ ­ef Y » ¼ s º ¾ ¿ ¦Ñ � ¼ ° � � a V t � ó ® çèéê ëi˜bc Ë a‹ R w çèì íîï ëÍ©bchž ~  a�pã Y �pã| } ¥fibcÚ T §à 2 \E ÷ � Î ; � Y bci 8 iàa mm n çè ðñò óôõ ëN O ¦©�pabc\E ÷ Þ|ƒ1 2 bug ÀÁ ö÷ Y * � � „ … d^ � ßà Î ` Y Íd^ Î `¦c Y bcaáâ � … ° à¦cn øù ì ú èûüëN O RPMË … \ s ˆó a linux £ c²³^ô z Y )iN O Í© ˆ ó a £ c²³ RPM Ó Ë Î `a ²ß g ˆ ñ ó Y ün � 1 2� ò˜ i386li686lx86_64l noarchm a²³á⋠R n i386 ƒü©bc Ë ä z O intel 80386 } Þa x86ý aþß�n i686 ƒü©bc Ë ä z O intel 80686 } Þ (� � pro } ^ ) a x86ý aþß�n x86_64 ƒü©bc Ë ä z O x86ý  64 Í y ’ D aþß�n noarch £ =ü©bc Ë Ï £ c ý T O Y | }é z n „ … ¡�ai ® i386 bc Ë | } \�� x86 ²³ s ô z Y T U i i686À i x86_64 a � D Y ñ� Yi686 abc Ë ˆ ¦€ƒ\ i386 £ c^ º ô z Y N O i686 bc Ë ¦§hi˜ cpu ö÷ � Ñ� YŸ ž ( ž�Þ�ˆ � Y )i ˆ ( žÜ��ˆaÞ � n RPM çè� ë RPM bc Ë ‹ R z O ƒfi ‰ Õci rpm × v aÕc Y ¦§ž � sÞ � ‹ R Y f½i } Ø .rpmÙ œÌ � } Ø .src.rpmÙ œÌn 5.2.3 RPM��� ! RPM ' ( aô z fÍ_` l Ö× l MN l ° à l –— mPQ Ys º» ¼f½¾ ¿ n ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � 1 � �çè� ìí × v ® rpm -i [�� Œ Ì] file1.rpm file2.rpm…..fileN.rpm p Œ Ì ¥fi ® -i ® install a�¸ Y� i_`bcng| } ô z Ø --installÙ n ²ß ¥fi ® file1.rpm file2.rpm…..filen.rpm iƒ€î … _` RPMË aÕcá Y | } ΩÕc¦�_`n �� Œ Ì ¥fi ®ü¶a Œ Ì ”Î Y » ¼ •� 1Ò z Œ Ì Y � � ¯ ‘ k s ® l -v ® ¯ =� K Ó Ôn l -h ®_`3 B 1‹ÒØ #Ù n l --test ® • ˜_` ö÷ 6C Y Å ˆ F�_`n l --nodeps ® ˆ 5Öbc ¤] a`aO R n K ù ‰ Œ Ì |ƒÇ � Übc ˆ | z n l --force ®��bc Ë } � bc��n l --replacepkgs ® É ßà_`ÅS_`abc Ë n l --prefix ®îbc Ë _`àN ƒ€aŽ s n l --percent ® }� f aff vB 1_`a öfi n l --excludedocs ® ˆ _`bc Ë û a¥fiÕc l --includedocs ®_`bc Ë YËV ¥fiÕcn ‡ j ® ¶ 1 · » ¼_` ipvsadm-1.24-6.i386.rpm Y ô z s º ìí ® [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh ipvsadm-1.24-6.i386.rpm A÷ œ á k s ® warning:ipvsadm-1.24-6.i386.rpm:V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 44e181 Preparing... ############################ [100%] 1:ipvsadm ############################[100%] ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � ¶ 2 ·s º PQ¯ = � _` gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpmË ê# Y \_` ê# û Y 1 2� _` Ë `a/ 0 Y » ¼a y ’ ê# iüna ® [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm A÷ œ á k s ® warning: gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e error: Failed dependencies: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 is needed by gcc-3.4.4-2.i386 Suggested resolutions: glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm ü¶ ¯ =\_` gcc ¸¹ D¤ �„ … _` glibc-develË a ´ µ Y ü© Ë � � a� pi glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm Y Z‰ Y » ¼„ … Ü_`ü©bc Ë n [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm A÷ œ á k s ® warning: glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e error: Failed dependencies: glibc-headers is needed by glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386 glibc-headers = 2.3.4-2.13 is needed by glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386 Suggested resolutions: glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm ü¶fl1 2 `aO R Y ^ º affi�q=i¥_` glibc-devel Ë „ … Ü_` glibc-headers bc Ë Y Å Æ < 1 � _`“ �p Y O i » ¼ � Ü_` glibc-headers Ë n [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm A÷ œ á k s ® warning: glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e error: Failed dependencies: kernel-headers is needed by glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386 kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 is needed by glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386 Suggested resolutions: glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.i386.rpm `Ý!ffi Y Ó ÔÏ^ º ñ ó Y �¸i¥\_` kernel-headers Ë ¤ � Y „ … ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � glibc-kernheaders Ë a ´ µ Y Å Æ < 1 � “ �p Y » ¼Ü_` glibc-kernheaders Ë n [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.i386.rpm A÷ œ á k s ® warning: glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e Preparing... ########################### [100%] 1:glibc-kernheaders ###################### [100%] üc`a" O ¯ — � Y qrñ�a #W T §_` Ys º ¯ =_`ª « n [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm warning: glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e Preparing... ########################### [100%] 1:glibc-headers ######################## [100%] [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm warning: glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e Preparing... ########################### [100%] 1:glibc-devel ######################## [100%] [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm warning: gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e Preparing... ############################## [100%] 1:gcc ########################### [100%] ¶ 3 · \^j û Y k á» ¼\_` gcc G¦ª K ù Ø --nodepsÙ ²ß Ygcc N Oˆ 5Ö` aO R Y œ |_`­‚ ® [root@server ~]# rpm -ivh gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm –nodeps A÷ œ á k s ® warning: gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e Preparing... ############################## [100%] 1:gcc ########################### [100%] ü¶ K ù � ��`aO R a ²ß Y $ Ý| } _`­‚ Y )i » ¼ ˆ “ ü�% Y Z Í ün_`abc”ž|ƒi ˆ | z a YÀÁ ô z ê# û 1 2 / 0 Y —þ » ¼Q & ��`a O R ˜bcp%  žffi�a' Y Ý|ô z‰ ²ß n ¶ 4 · _` xxxxxx.src.rpm a uõ Y ü¶ » ¼ } my-package.src.rpm áâÍj Y ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � \ redhat linux i386 ²³ s ö÷ ¾ ¿ Y Ò z až � s uõ YPQ ª « k s ® uõ ¦ ® 1 · A÷ rpm -i my-package.src.rpm 2 · cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS 3 · rpmbuild -bp my-package.specs ¦© � bc Ë ó áa specs Õcn 4 · cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/my-package/ ¦©bc Ë ó áaš › 5 · ./configure ü¦ª � ¸¹( é a VX bc¦n Y | } K ^ ²ß 6 · make 7 · make install uõ H : 1 · A÷ rpm -i my-package.src.rpm 2 · cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS � � ª � uõ ¦ñ ó 3 ·rpmbuild -bb my-package.specs ¦© � bc Ë ó áa specs Õcn ‰ 3 Y \ /usr/src/redhat/RPM/i386/ ¶ ü¶aŽ  ¡ ( ) Ë a ˆó Y g|ƒi i 686lnoarchmm · \ü©š › s Y ž¦© ÀÁ � ©àa rpmË Y ü©i¸¹ x aH ö Õcn 4 · A÷ rpm -i new-package.rpm Y _` ï ­n jk ®* z xxxx.src.rpm × v a Ë _` rsh bc YPQ uõ k s ® [root@localhost ~]# rpm -i rsh-0.17-25.3.src.rpm [root@localhost ~]#cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/ rsh.spec [root@localhost SPECS]#rpmbuild -bb rsh.spec ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � [root@localhost SPECS]# cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/ rsh-0.17-25.3.i386.rpm rsh-debuginfo-0.17-25.3.i386.rpm rsh-server-0.17-25.3.i386.rpm [root@localhost i386]#rpm -ivh rsh-* Preparing... ############################ [100%] 1:rsh-server ########################## [ 33%] 2:rsh ############################## [ 67%] 3:rsh-debuginfo ######################## [100%] [root@localhost i386]# 2 ¬ +, çè� ìí × v ® rpm -q [�� Œ Ì] package1……packageN p Œ Ì ¥fi ® -q ® query a�¸ Y g| } ô z Ø --queryÙ n ²ß ¥fi ® package1……packageN ÍÅS_`abc Ë áân �� Œ Ì ¥fi ® l -f ®Ö× PQRS û !©Õc -O. ©˜™a rpm bc Ë n jk ® [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /bin/bash bash-3.0-19.2 l -p ®Ö× } “.rpm” ÍÞ � abc Ë _`ޘ™a Ë áân jk ® [root@server ~]# rpm -qp gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm gcc-3.4.4-2 Úü¶aÖ×| }/ Q Y Ø gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpmÙ _`à RS } Þ Y ˜™a Ë áÍ gcc-3.4.4-2 n l -l ® ¯ =bc Ë û a Ÿ žÕc � £ n ‰ Œ Ì Þ º0 bc Ë _`ޘ™a Ë á Y ­ Ò ˆ i } “.rpm” ÍÞ � a rpmË n jk ® ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � [root@server ~]# rpm –ql gcc-3.4.4-2 /usr/bin/c89 /usr/bin/c99 /usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcov 111 ¶ } s 2� · 111 l -i ® ¯ =bc Ë a3 … Ó Ô Y jkbcáâ l �p l ä ™²³ l d ¢ mm n ‰ Œ Ì Þ º0 ï 4a Ë á Y ­5 ˆ i } “.rpm” ÍÞ � a rpmË n jk ®\ / ঩bc Y _` ¤ �¦§h„ … ³ s bc Ë ž6� è ˆ Y | } ô z } s ìí ® [root@server ~]# rpm -qi gcc-3.4.4-2.i386 ÀÁ ô z [root@server ~]# rpm -qpi gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm ü¶N O z à � Ø -pÙ Œ Ì Y ÛÜ ¯ =1 � _`Þabc Ë á YŸ } Ø -iÙ Œ Ì Þ| 0 Ø .rpmÙ œÌabc Ë n l -g ®Ö× RS ž . Ñbc Ë -O ƒ€aë½ YRPM ' (  ¡ bc‚ƒa ˆó Y îb cf � ”Îsë Y f½k s Y 78 è Í¡ ‘ ¥fi ® Amusements/Games (9:/; < ) Amusements/Graphics(9:/= ff ) Applications/Archiving ( ™ z / > ) Applications/Communications ( ™ z / é? ) Applications/Databases ( ™ z / ß ¡ & ) Applications/Editors ( ™ z / ¸@ D ) Applications/Emulators ( ™ z /AB D ) Applications/Engineering ( ™ z / ' # ) Applications/File ( ™ z / Õc ) ���� � Linux� � �� �� � � Applications/Internet ( ™ z / Z Þ É ) Applications/Multimedia ( ™ z / ÎC) ) Applications/Productivity ( ™ z / DE )