语法复习（十七）-倒装、强调、省略、反意疑问句

元济中学2009届语法复习（十七）-- 倒装、强调、省略 语法复习（十七）-- 倒装、强调、省略、反意疑问句 一、 倒装句 “倒装句”主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和语语序的倒装。倒装句分为两种，部分倒装（将谓语的一部分提到主语之前）和全部倒装（将谓语的全部提到主语之前） （一）、 部分倒装 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况: 1． 句子以否定意义的词开头时，用部分倒装。 这类词或短语主要有never, little, seldom, rarely, hardly/scarcely (… when….), no sooner(… than….), not until…., in no way, at no time, few, not, no等, 如: Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I said. 　　No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep. 2. so / neither (nor) 置于句首，意为“也（不）”，表示前者的情况也使用于后者或一者具有两种情况，其句型为：so / neither(nor) + be / 助动词 / 情态动词+ 主语…。so 与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/ nor 与前面的否定句呼应。 They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. Lily can’t ride, neither / nor can Lucy. I don’t know who he is, nor do I want to know. 注意： 如果句意不是“…..也是如此”，而仅是对前述内容的肯定或附和，则句子不用倒装。 --- He really works very hard. --- So he does. 3. only + 状语/ 状语从句 放在句首,要用部分倒装。如: 　　 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. 　　 Only then did I realize the importance of math. 　　 Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 4. 在 so … that… 句子中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句要用部分倒装。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 5. "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要用部分倒装。如: 　　 Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. 　　 但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。如: 　　 Not only the mother but also the children are sick. 6. not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如: 　　 Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句) 　　 Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句) 7. though / as 引导让步状语从句， 意为“尽管”， 通常把句中状语、表语部分或动词提 前； 若表语是名词， 其前不加冠词。 Terrible as (though) the storm was, we continued our way. Child as (though) he was, he was able to stand on his own feet. 8. 以had / were / should 开头的省略if 的虚拟条件句用部分倒装。 If you had come here, you would have met the film star. = Had you come here, you would have met the film star. If I were you, I would take up art. = Were I you, I would take up art. If it should rain, we would put off the sports meeting. = Should it rain , we would put off the sports meeting. （二）、 全部倒装 1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。如: There stood a dog before him. 　　 There exist different opinions on this question. 2. here / there, now / then , out / in, up / down, away, off等副词置于句首时，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。 　　 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 　　 There comes the bus. Now comes your turn. In came Mr White. Up went the arrow into the air. 　　注意： 如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。: 　　 比较： Here you are. Here comes the bus.　 3. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如: On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. In front of the classroom is a playground. 二、强调句 一、it强调句型 这种句型可以对句中的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行充分强调，以达到突出信息的交际目的。 (1). 基本结构： It + is/ was + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 句子的其他部分。 例如： Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday. It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语) It was an old beggar who / that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语) It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语) It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语) 注意：it强调句型不能强调句子的谓语。 (2)、not…until结构强调句型的构成： It + be + not until部分 + that + 句子的其他部分。 例如： He didn't go to bed until his father came back.. It was not until his father came back that he went to bed. 注意原句中的didn't go部分中的not提前后，剩下did go变为went. (3)、特殊疑问句强调句型的构成： 特殊疑问词 + be + it + that + 句子的其他部分(用陈述语序) 例如： When did you receive the gift？ 对特殊疑问词when做强调： When was it that you received the gift？ 注意此句中的received是由did加receive结合而成的。 二、do / does / did + 动词原形强调句 这种强调句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有疑问和否定形式。do / does / did在句中要重读。 Do be more careful next time, please. She did tell me about her address, but I forgot all about it. She does come from a European country. 三、省略句 英语中,为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句。 一、 并列句中的省略： 在并列句中，在不引起歧义的情况下，后一句与前一句相同的部分可以省略，如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略： They learn French and we (learn) English. John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second. One side of the board should be painted yellow, and the other (side of the board should be painted) white. (Give us ) One more week, and we will accomplish the task. 二、 复合句中的省略： 1).状语从句中的省略 1. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中有be 动词时， 可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be。 If (it is) heated, water will boil. Tom was attacked by cramp while (he was) swimming across the river. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 2. 当从句中的主语是it, 谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时， 可以把it 和系动词be 一起省略。 Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. We’ll go to help you if (it is) necessary. 2） 宾语从句中的省略： 如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。 We will do what we can（do）to help you. 3) 虚拟语气条件状语从句中的省略 在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。 If I had time, I would come. = Had I time, I would come. 三、 动词不定式的省略： 1. 在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us ?—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework. Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to. —Have you ever been to the seaside?  —No, we can’t afford to. 2. 在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。 They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to. He doesn’t get up early as he used to. I’ll hand it in if I have to. —Would you like to come tonight ? —I’d love to. 3. tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。 He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to. 4. 不定式短语 “to be ”的省略形式是 “to be”, be 不能省去； 不定式完成式 “to have done”的省略形式是 “to have”, have 不能省去。 四、反意疑问句 英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是 陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是，“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问” 　 简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词 1. 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 　　He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 2. 陈述部分有must表示疑问的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 　　He must be a doctor, isn't he? 　　You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? 　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 3.​ 陈述部分含有宾语从句时， 疑问部分中主语应与主句的主语保持一致。但是，如果陈述部分是“I (we) don’t think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect)…+ 宾语从句”时， 疑问部分中的主语应与宾语从句中的主语保持一致， 如果是否定句， 否定意义还要转移到宾语从句。 It was the first time that we had met there, wasn’t it. He thought they were wrong, didn't he. 　　I don't think he is bright, is he? 　　We believe she can do it better, can't she? 　4. 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 　　Don't do that again, will you? 　　Go with me, will you? 　　注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we ? 　　Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you ? 　　Let's go and listen to the music, shall we ? 　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）? 5．否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 　　It is impossible, isn't it? 　　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 　　 基础练习： 1. _____, I will help you with your work. A. If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible 2. —Do you follow(=understand) me? —Yes, _____. A. it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good 3. —How are you getting on with your work? —Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____. A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan 4. —Are you a teacher?  —No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years. A. am B. will C. do D. was 5. —How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010?  —There will be only a few, if _____. A. much B. some C. any D. many 6. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday ?  —Well, I_____, but I forgot it. A. should B. must C. should have D. must have 7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____. A. like directed B. to be directed C. as directed D. so that directed 8. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 　A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. 　A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 10. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 　 A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 11. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. 　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 12. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. 　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 13. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . 　　A. / B. to C. so D. that 14. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? 　— ________ . 　　A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow 　　C. No, I won't D. That's right 15. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 　　A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 16. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 　　A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 17. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! — ________ . 　　A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 18. It is four years ________she came to this college. A. since B. that C. after D. when 19. It was not ____she took off her dark glasses _____I realized she was a famous film star. A. when，that B. until，that C. until，when D. when，then 20. It was only when I re-read his poems recently _______I began to like them. A. until B. that C. then D. so 21. It was in the lab _______was taken charge of by Mr. Harris ______they did the experiment. A. which，that B. that，which C. that，whom D. which，where 22. It was _____he did _______frightened me. A. what，that B. that，that C. what，what D. that，what 23._______that you left your coat？ A. It was where B. Where was it C. Was it where D. Was that where 24. It ______I that ________against you. A. am，is B. is，is C. is，am D. was，am 25. Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it. (08陕西卷.) A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop 26. Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them. （2008重庆） A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 27. ____ you eat the correct foods _____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江苏卷） A. Only if , will you B. Only if, you will C. Unless , will you D. Unless , you will 28. Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.(2008辽宁卷) A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was 29. You didn’t use to like him much when we were at school, ___________? (2008上海春招) A. were we B. weren’t we C. did you D. didn’t you 30. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes. (08 江西卷) A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted 31. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （2008重庆） A. that B. when C. while D. as 32. It is often said that the joy of traveling is _______ in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself. （2008江苏卷） A. / … but B. / … or C. not … or D. not … but 33. Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. （全国卷II） A. but B. till C. and D. or 34. So much of interest _____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (2008年上海卷) A. offers Being B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer 35、Only by practising a few hours every day be able to master the language. A、you can B、can you C、you will D、will you 36、It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages attracted the audience’s interest. A、so that B、that C、what D、in which 37、If you don’t go there, . A、so won’t I B、nor do I C、neither shall I D、so don’t I 38、I don’t think she had a good time there this summer, ? A、do I B、had she C、did she D、didn’t she 39、The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the busy street, but his mother told him . A、not to B、not to do C、not do it D、do not to 40、The women carrying babies, come in first, ? A、will you B、will they C、don’t they D、don’t you 41、Why! I have nothing to admit. you want me to say? A、What is it that B、What it is that C、How is it that D、How it is that 42、So that no fish can live in it. A、shallow is the lake B、the lake is shallow C、shallow the lake is D、is the lake shallow 43、Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember . A、where B、what C、which D、that 44、There used to be a lot of trees around the village, ? A、usedn’t they B、weren’t there C、didn’t it D、didn’t there 45、The door opened and a middle-aged woman an expensive fur coat. A、came in; in B、in came; in C、came in; on D、in came; on 46、 for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often. A、If it is not B、Were it not C、Had it not been D、If they were not 47、The car needs repairing, ? A、needn’t it B、doesn’t it C、mustn’t it D、won’t it 48、You don’t think he can finish the work, ? A、don’t you B、can he C、do you D、can’t he 49、----Write to me when you get home. ---- . A、I must B、I should C、I will D、I can 50、----Can you place an order for these color TV sets now? ----Sorry, I . A、suppose not B、hope so C、hope not D、think so 51、----Tom must have practised swimming with his father last Sunday, ? ----Yes, he . A、didn’t he; did B、hasn’t he; hasn’t C、wasn’t it; was D、mustn’t he; must 52、----You ought to have given them some advice.---- ,but who cared what I said? A、So ought you B、So I ought C、So it was D、So I did 53、No sooner asleep than she heard a knock at the door. A、she had fallen B、had she fallen C、she fell D、she did fall 54、----Aren’t you the manager? ----No, and I . A、don’t want to B、don’t want to be C、don’t want be D、don’t want 55、He came here earlier than . A、have expected B、expected C、expecting D、he expected 56、----Will you go to the party? ----Of course I will . A、if invited B、if having invited C、if I was invited D、if I will be invited 57、The enemy had no choice but their arms and . A、lie down; give in B、lay down; gave in C、to lay down; give in D、to lie down; to give in 58、 troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience. A、Anyhow B、Although C、However D、No matter 59、There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ? A、wasn’t there B、was there C、didn’t it D、did it 60、----What should I do with this passage? ---- the main idea of each paragraph. A、Finding out B、Found out C、Find out D、To find out 61、----Father, you promised! ----Well, .But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. A、so was I B、so did I C、so I was D、so I did 62、In the dark forests ,some large enough to hold several English towns. A、stand many lakes B、lie many lakes C、many lakes lie D、many lakes stand 63、---- that he managed to get the information? ----Oh, a friend of his helped him. A、Where was it B、What was it C、How was it D、Why was it 64、 ,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A、A quiet student as he may be B、Quiet student as he may be C、Be a quiet student as he may be D、Quiet as he may be a student Keys: 1—5: CCCDC 6—10: CCBDB 11—15: CDBBB 16—20: CBABB 21—25: AABCB 26—30: DABCC 31—35: ADCCD 36—40: BCCAA 41—45: AACDB 46—50: CBCCA 51—55: ADBBB 56—60: ACCAC 61—64: DBCA