天然气化工

Natural gas and chemical industry One of the branches of the chemical industry. To natural gas as raw materials to produce chemical products industries. Separation and purification of natural gas through the cracking, steam reforming, oxidation, chloride, Sulfide, nitrification, and so on dehydrogenation reaction can be made of synthetic ammonia, methanol and their processed products (formaldehyde, acetic acid, etc.), ethylene, acetylene, methylene chloride, Carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, and so on. Natural gas and chemical industry - natural gas to natural gas and chemical industry as raw materials to produce chemical products industry, chemical industry is an integral part of the fuel. As the oil and natural gas are both buried in the ground floor of hydrocarbon resources, and in some cases for the symbiotic mineral deposits, processing technology and its products are closely related to each other, it can also be attributed to natural gas and chemical industry Petrochemical. Natural gas and chemical industry in general, including the separation of natural gas purification, chemical processing (contained methane, ethane, propane, and other processing and utilization of alkanes). Natural gas and chemical industry - natural gas processing Can be divided into separation and purification of chemical processing. Purification, including separation from the underground natural gas in the gas field, dehydration, separation from sand and condensate oil, gas composition based on further clean separation processing. Sulfide-rich gas, desulfurization must be dealt with in order to meet delivery requirements of the by-product of sulfur as sulfur resources to the production of sulfuric acid, carbon disulfide and a series of sulfide; desulfurization, after a cryogenic gas separation (see cryogenic gas separation ), Available liquefied natural gas (see methane); if the gas-rich rare gas helium, helium can be obtained at the same time (see color pictures); if natural gas is rich in ethane paraffin over the moisture can be obtained at the same time natural gas condensate Analysis of fluid, which Rectification of the methods often used to recover ethane, propane, butane, and also part of the condensate. Chemical processing Including high temperature for the pyrolysis of natural gas to produce carbon black and acetylene; steam reforming of natural gas or partial oxidation of natural gas, synthetic gas can be obtained; natural gas through chlorination, sulfide, nitrification, ammoniated oxide, oxidation can be obtained A N all kinds of derivatives; in the wet gas ethane, propane, butane and natural gas liquid condensate, and so on, the steam cracker or pyrolysis to produce ethylene, propylene and butadiene; dehydrogenation of butane oxidation or produce small Diene or acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and maleic anhydride, and so on (see Figure). Natural gas and chemical industry - the world's natural gas and chemical industry in the world, about 50 countries in varying degrees of development of natural gas and chemical industry. Distribution of natural gas chemical industry in more developed countries are the United States, the Soviet Union, and Canada. U.S. development of the first natural gas chemical industry, product variety and still top the current production. Consumption of natural gas in the chemical industry, accounting for the chemical industry raw materials and fuel consumption by more than half of the total. The mid-1970s the Soviet Union to adjust the chemical industry, chemical industry to speed up the development of natural gas production. Siberian natural gas producing areas in the production of new devices, used in large-scale synthetic ammonia, ethylene and methanol, carbon disulfide. At present, its chemical products and natural gas production after the United States. Canada is rich in natural resources, for ammonia, urea, methanol and ethylene production. The main direction of the product in 1980 of the world's major countries, chemical products and natural gas production more than 150Mt. With an annual output of more than 10Mt of the products of synthetic ammonia, urea, methanol, formaldehyde and ethylene. In the world of synthetic ammonia production, about 80% of natural gas as raw materials. World ammonia plant construction was the focus from Europe and the United States and other countries to rich natural gas resources in the region. Naphtha as fuel or raw materials to the ammonia plant will be natural gas or coal as raw material transition (See industrial ammonia). Methanol for the bulk of the world organic chemical products one of the world production of methanol in 70% of natural gas as raw materials. In addition to the direction of the application of methanol to maintain traditional uses, is developing alternative energy sources and uses of chemical products. Natural gas as raw materials of ethylene production capacity of ethylene production capacity of the world accounting for about 32% of its ethylene yield than light oil distillates such as naphtha as raw materials, about twice as high. With the increase in the production of natural gas and ethane, propane recovery rate of increase in the proportion of which are increasing. Natural gas and chemical industry - natural gas chemical industry in China started in the early 1960s, has now begun to take shape, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan Province and other places. China mainly natural gas used in the production of nitrogen, followed by the production of methanol, formaldehyde, acetylene, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, hydrocyanic acid and extraction of helium and carbon black. Since the 70s, has built more than natural gas and oil field associated gas as raw materials for large-scale ammonia plant, as well as a number of small and medium-sized ammonia plant, so that the national structure of the synthetic ammonia production of raw materials, natural gas share of about 30%; also be built at the same time A system of acetylene gas plant to manufacture Vinylon and vinyl acetate, acetylene gas used in the production of methanol. Use of natural gas for heat chlorination methylene chloride for the production of photographic materials for industrial solvent. At present, China's first natural gas processing chemical products output is about 70 times in the early 14's. Natural gas and chemical industry - with the prospect of the world's energy needs increase, the North Sea, the Middle East, North Africa, South America and the Soviet Union's gas and oil associated gas resources is speeding up development and utilization of the steady growth of world output of natural gas, natural gas and chemical industry to flourish and to provide sufficient raw materials Energy. Under such conditions, the development of natural gas and chemical industry has the following characteristics: From the start of the bulk of natural gas chemical products, such as nitrogen, methanol and their processed products (formaldehyde, acetic acid, etc.) with fast development; In the olefin production in the United States expanded the use of raw materials and natural gas, the Middle East and South American countries plan to develop natural gas to olefins industry, thereby enhancing the olefin production of natural gas in the world the proportion of raw materials; To energy-focused research and development work in very active; The new technology has emerged, particularly synthesis gas of carbon-based chemicals a more prominent. 天然气化工 化学工业分支之一。以天然气为原料生产化工产品的工业。天然气通过净化分离和裂解、蒸汽转化、氧化、氯化、硫化、硝化、脱氢等反应可制成合成氨、甲醇及其加工产品(甲醛、醋酸等)、乙烯、乙炔、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、硝基甲烷等。 天然气化工 - 天然气化工以天然气为原料生产化学产品的工业，是燃料化工的组成部分。由于天然气与石油同属埋藏地下的烃类资源，有时且为共生矿藏，其加工工艺及产品相互有密切的关系，故也可将天然气化工归属于石油化工。天然气化工一般包括天然气的净化分离、化学加工（所含甲烷、乙烷、丙烷等烷烃的加工利用）。 天然气化工 - 天然气加工过程 可分为净化分离和化学加工。 净化分离 包括从地下采出的天然气，在气井现场，经脱水、脱砂与分离凝析油后，根据气体组成情况进行进一步的净化分离加工。富含硫化物的天然气，必须经过脱硫处理，以达到输送要求，副产品的硫磺作为硫资源，用以生产硫酸、二硫化碳等一系列硫化物；脱硫后，天然气经过深冷分离（见天然气深冷分离），可得到液化天然气（见甲烷）；若天然气富含稀有气体氦，可同时得到氦气（见彩图）；若天然气是富含乙烷以上烷烃的湿气,则可同时得到天然气凝析液,后者常采用精馏的方法，以回收乙烷、丙烷、丁烷，并且还有一部分凝析油。 化学加工 包括在高温下进行的天然气热裂解，主要生产乙炔和炭黑；天然气蒸汽转化或天然气的部分氧化，可制得合成气；天然气经过氯化、硫化、硝化、氨化氧化、氧化可制得甲烷的各种衍生物；湿性天然气中的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷和天然气凝析液等，经蒸汽裂解或热裂解可生产乙烯、丙烯和丁二烯；丁烷脱氢或氧化可生产丁二烯或醋酸、甲基乙基酮、顺丁烯二酸酐等（见图）。 天然气化工 - 世界天然气化工世界上约有50个国家不同程度地发展了天然气化工。 分布状况 天然气化工比较发达的国家有美国、苏联、加拿大等。美国发展天然气化工最早，产品品种和产量目前仍居首位。消耗于化学工业的天然气，占该国化工行业所消耗原料和燃料总量的一半以上。20世纪70年代中期苏联调整了化学工业政策，加速发展天然气化工生产。在西伯利亚天然气产区新建生产装置，大规模应用于合成氨、甲醇和乙烯、二硫化碳。目前，其天然气化工产品产量仅次于美国。加拿大有丰富的天然气资源，用于合成氨、尿素、甲醇和乙烯的生产。 主要产品方向 1980年世界主要国家的天然气化工产品产量超过150Mt。年产 10Mt以上的产品有合成氨、尿素、甲醇、甲醛和乙烯。 在世界合成氨产量中，约80％以天然气为原料。世界氨厂建设重点正由过去欧美等国转向天然气资源丰富地区。石脑油或燃料油为原料的氨厂将逐步向天然气或煤为原料过渡（见合成氨工业）。 甲醇为世界大宗有机化工产品之一，世界甲醇生产中70％以天然气为原料。甲醇应用方向除保持传统用途外，正在开发替代能源和化工新产品的用途。 天然气为原料的乙烯装置生产能力约占世界乙烯生产能力的32％，其乙烯收率比以石脑油等轻质石油馏分为原料的约高一倍。随着天然气产量的增加和乙烷、丙烷回收率的提高，所占比例正在逐步增加。 天然气化工 - 中国天然气化工始于20世纪60年代初，现已初具规模，主要分布于四川、黑龙江、辽宁、山东、台湾省等地。中国天然气主要用于生产氮肥，其次是生产甲醇、甲醛、乙炔、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、硝基甲烷、氢氰酸和炭黑以及提取氦气。70年代以来，已兴建多座天然气和油田伴生气为原料的大型合成氨厂，以及一批中、小型合成氨厂，使全国合成氨生产原料结构中，天然气所占的比例约达到30％；同时还兴建了天然气制乙炔工厂，以制造维尼纶和醋酸乙烯酯，乙炔尾气用于生产甲醇。采用天然气热氯化法生产二氯甲烷以供感光工业作溶剂。目前，中国的天然气一次化学加工产品总产量约为70年代初期的14倍。 天然气化工 - 前景随着世界对能源需要的增长，北海、中东、北非、南美和苏联的天然气和石油伴生气资源正在加速开发利用，世界天然气产量稳定增长，为天然气化工蓬勃发展提供充足的原料和能源。在这种条件下，天然气化工的发展具有下述特点： 从天然气出发的大宗化工产品，如氮肥、甲醇及其加工产品（甲醛、醋酸等）发展速度较快； 在烯烃的生产中，美国扩大了天然气原料的使用量，中东和南美国家将大力发展天然气制烯烃工业，从而提高世界烯烃生产中天然气原料所占比例； 以节能为中心的研究开发工作十分活跃； 新工艺相继出现，特别是以合成气为基础的碳一化学更为突出。