DIGITAL APPROVAL
SYSTEMS
ASME Y14.42-2002
DIGITAL APPROVAL
SYSTEMS
An Amer ican Nat iona l Standard
Engineering Drawing
and Related
Documentation
Practices
Engineering Drawing
and Related
Documentation
Practices
An Amer ican Nat iona l Standard
ASME Y14.42-2002
Copyright ASME International
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ASME Y14.42
ADOPTION NOTICE
ASME Y14.42, Digital Approval Systems, was adopted on 11 November 2002 for use by the Department of Defense,
DoD. Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, U.S.
Army TACOM-ARDEC, ATTN: AMSTA-AR-QAW-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this document
may be purchased from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 22 Law Drive, PO Box 2900,
Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900; http://www.asme.org.
Custodians: Adopting Activity:
Army — AR Army — AR
Navy — SA
Air Force — 16 (Project DRPR — 0366)
DLA — DH
Review Activities:
Army — AT, AV, CE, CR, EA, GL, MI, SM, TE
Navy — AS, CH, EC, MC, OS, SH, TD, YD
Air Force — 11, 13, 19, 68, 70, 71, 84, 99
DLA — CC, GS, IS
NSA — NS
AMSC N/A AREA DRPR
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
DIGITAL APPROVAL
SYSTEMS
ASME Y14.42-2002
Copyright ASME International
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Date of Issuance: April 11, 2003
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will
be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from
competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made
available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for
infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly
advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as
government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established
ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2003 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
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CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Standards Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.1 Approval Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.2 Authentication and Verification of Approval Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.3 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.4 Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
iii
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FOREWORD
Since the first national standard for engineering drawings, Standards for Cross-Sections,
was published by ASME in 1914, the field of engineering documentation has steadily become
increasingly versatile and sophisticated. Digital approval systems are now part of the new world
of engineering documents that includes the use of computers and digital modeling applications
and techniques. This is the first standard on digital approval systems for engineering documen-
tation.
The U.S. government and industry are encouraging the active development and use of tools
to facilitate electronic commerce, of which a digital approval system is one. In the early 1990s,
work on MIL-STD-100 revealed an increasing need to the engineering community for electronic
approval systems. To address this need, a proposal was made to the ASME Y14 Main Committee
to define the minimum requirements for a digital approval system. After investigating the need
for such a standard, ASME Y14 Subcommittee 42 was established in December, 1998. This Standard
is the result of their effort.
During this effort, various documents and standards were reviewed [e.g., Federal Information
Processing Standards (FIPS), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, and
other published standards, both government and industry] for technical content and applicability.
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to: The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Attention: Secretary, Y14 Main Committee, Three
Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 20, 2002.
iv
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ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y14
Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation
Practices
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
F. Bakos, Chair
K. E. Wiegandt, Vice Chair
C. J. Gomez, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control System, Inc.
J. B. Baker, Consultant
F. Bakos, Consultant
J. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Co.
R. A. Chadderdon, Southwest Consultants
M. E. Curtis, Jr., Rexnord Corp.
D. E. Day, Monroe Community College
B. Dinardo, U.S. Department of the Army, ARDEC
C. W. Ferguson, WM Education Services
L. W. Foster, L. W. Foster Associates, Inc.
C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
B. A. Harding, Purdue University
K. S. King, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division
A. Krulikowski, General Motors Powertrain
H. S. Lachut, Alstom Power, Inc.
P. J. McCuistion, Ohio University
E. Niemiec, MTD Products, Inc.
R. L. Nieukirk, Caterpillar, Inc.
K. E. Wiegandt, Sandia National Laboratory
B. A. Wilson, The Boeing Co.
P. Wreede, Consultant
SUBCOMMITTEE 42 — ELECTRONIC APPROVAL
SYSTEMS
L. R. Lange, Chair, Consultant
L. G. Davis, U.S. Air Force
J. Gagnon, Hamilton Sundstrand Corp.
D. Hagler, L-3 Communications
L. G. Hogue, Naval Air Systems Command
L. Holmes, Raytheon Co.
C. Houk, Hamilton Standard
J. M. Noble, The Boeing Co.
B. Pizarek, Orthopaedic Biosystems Ltd., Inc.
T. T. Taylor, S.W.P.C.
K. L. Walter, DKW Imaging Services
A. J. Yablonicky, U.S. Army
v
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vi
Copyright ASME International
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Not for Resale, 05/06/2009 22:13:43 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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ASME Y14.42-2002
ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES
DIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This Standard provides the minimum requirements
for the development of a digital approval system for
engineering documentation.
1.2 References
When the following American National Standards
referred to in this Standard are superceded by a revision
approved by the American National Standards Institute,
Inc., the revision shall apply.
ASME Y14.1, Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and
Format
ASME Y14.1M, Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format
ASME Y14.35M, Revision of Engineering Drawings and
Associated Documents
ASME Y14.100, Engineering Drawing Practices
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-
neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law
Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300
1.3 Definitions
approval indicator: any symbol adopted by the design
activity to indicate approval.
associated documents: general reference to documentation
supportive of and directly related to drawing content,
such as Parts Lists, Data Lists, Index Lists, Wiring Lists,
and Application Lists (see ASME Y14.35M).
authentication: the process of verifying the claimed iden-
tity of a document’s author and approver(s).
biometrics: the use of biological properties to identify
individuals, e.g., finger prints, a retina scan, voice recog-
nition, etc.
cryptographic key: a string of bits used widely in cryptog-
raphy, to encrypt and decrypt data.
digital signature: a person’s signature transmitted in a
coded form (from a computer) by discrete signal ele-
ments such that the identity of the signatory and integ-
rity of the data can be verified.
drawing: an engineering document or digital data file(s)
that discloses (directly or by reference), by means of
1
graphic or textural presentations, or by combinations of
both, the physical or functional requirements of an item
(see ASME Y14.100).
signature: one’s name as written by oneself.
2 REQUIREMENTS
Digital approval systems shall provide for the admin-
istration and digital application of unique approval indi-
cators. These systems shall be amenable to human and
machine-readable protocols, provide for accurate data
entry, and provide for accountability and traceability.
2.1 Approval Indicator
An approval indicator, as used in this Standard, is a
symbol of personal identification with the same author-
ity as a manually applied signature. It shall be unique,
verifiable, applicable to, controlled and applied by an
individual, and affixed or hyperlinked to the
approved data.
2.1.1 Composition of an Approval Indicator. Approval
indicators may consist of any symbol(s), letter(s), num-
ber(s); grouping or combinations of symbol(s), letter(s),
number(s); or a digital signature. Standard and com-
monly used machine-readable markings (e.g., 2D bar
code, matrix code, etc.) may be used as approval indi-
cators.
Trademarks, company logos, etc., shall not be used
alone as an approval indicator. However, when com-
bined with the approval indicator, such symbols provide
clear association with a specific organization or function.
2.1.2 Approval Indicators for Engineering Data. A
mechanism shall be established and maintained to verify
and associate approval indicators to an individual. Uni-
formity of approval indicator placement should be estab-
lished by company procedures, standards, or policies to
enhance visibility and reduce searching.
When engineering data is presented or displayed on
an engineering drawing utilizing a drawing sheet format
in accordance with ASME Y14.1 or ASME Y14.1M, the
approval indicator(s) shall be affixed, or hyperlinked, in
the appropriate signature block(s).
When engineering data is presented or displayed
without a drawing sheet format, the approval indicator
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ASME Y14.42-2002 DIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMS
shall be affixed or hyperlinked in a manner to be readily
visible and accessible without affecting the technical
contents of the engineering data.
2.1.3 Manual Drawings. Manually prepared and
approved drawings and associated documents may be
exempt from the requirements of this Standard. When
manually prepared and approved drawings are con-
verted to digital file formats, the use of a digital approval
indicator should be considered for future revisions.
2.1.4 Printouts of Digital Documents. Hard copy
printouts of digital drawings shall contain dated indica-
tion that the document has been approved.
2.1.5 Digital Copies of Digital Documents. When
approval indicators reside in separate documents and
are hyperlinked to the digital drawing, the approval
indicators shall be affixed to the digital copy of the
document.
2.2 Authentication and Verification of Approval
Indicators
Authentication applies to the validation of the
approval indicator. Verification of an approval indicator
applies to the validation of the approval process.
2.2.1 Authentication. A system of authentication
shall be developed to ensure the accuracy of the approval
indicator. The authentication of an approval indicator is
the process that validates the unique association of the
owner of the indicator to the indicator. Methods for user
authentication may be extended to provide approval
indicators by combining them with cryptographic tech-
niques of various kinds. Examples of technologies that
have been developed for user authentication include:
password systems, cryptographic systems, and biomet-
rics identification methods.
2.2.2 Verification. Approval indicator verification is
a process whereby all users of a document are assured
that an authentic approval indicator has been used. In
general, the document, the approval indicator, and other
information, such as cryptographic keys or biometrics
templates, may be used.
2.3 Security
The digital approval system shall be protected with
a security system that protects both the system and the
data within the system from unauthorized access or
modification.
2.3.1 Integrity. The digital approval system shall
identify valid approvals of the data. The approval indica-
tor shall not be applied without authorization. The sys-
tem shall also identify what is approved. Alteration of
either the approved document or the approval indicator
should be detectable by the digital approval system.
2
2.3.2 Non-Repudiation. The digital approval system
shall provide the necessary integrity and ability to
authenticate the signature(s) such that the signature(s)
cannot be repudiated. When documents are transported
to another system(s), the integrity of the document,
including its contents, approval indicators, approval
indicator attributes, and document attributes, shall be
maintained.
2.3.3 Authority. The system shall have a verifiable
authority to create and distribute approval indicators. A
unique authorization identity is issued to each approver.
2.3.4 Protecting Approval Indicator Information. Pro-
tection and control of approval indicator information,
and the media or device in which it is contained, shall
be a key ingredient of the system’s security.
2.3.4.1 Active Documents. Approval indicator
information shall be maintained current, accessible, and
fully functional as long as the document to which it is
applied is considered active. This also applies when
media or device systems protocols migrate (i.e., as sys-
tems update or change).
2.3.4.2 Inactive Documents. Approval indicator
information that has been applied to documents no
longer active should be fully accessible. Migration of
active media or device systems should retain the capa-
bility to recognize and validate approval indicator infor-
mation applied to archived documents. This may be
achieved through either continuous protocol updates to
archived documents or “backward compatible” capabili-
ties of migrated active media or device systems.
2.3.5 User Authentication With Passwords. For the
purposes of this Standard, when a password system is
used, the user shall control the password.
2.3.5.1 Password Over a Network. When a pass-
word is communicated over a network, the password
shall be encrypted or physical appliances used, or both,
to prevent unauthorized interception.
2.3.5.2 Password Criteria. Systems using pass-
words shall establish criteria that will ensure security
of the system and its data. The following factors should
be considered:
(a) the range of values from which each character of
the password may be chosen;
(b) the total number of characters that make up the
password;
(c) password duration for specific time intervals;
(d) limitations on use of previous passwords; and
(e) storage of passwords for use in the authentication
process.
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DIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMS ASME Y14.42-2002
2.3.5.3 Password Generation. The password gener-
ation system has a major impact on the security of that
system. When passwords are automatically generated,
car