李开复演讲-BecomeAGoodSpeaker

nullHow to Become A Good SpeakerHow to Become A Good SpeakerKai-Fu Lee Corporate Vice President Microsoft CorporationWhy Be a Good Speaker?Why Be a Good Speaker? “The man who can think and does not know how to express what he thinks is at the level of him who cannot think.” Pericles Not just “presentation”, but also “persuasion” Get people’s “mindshare” Influence a friend, colleague, or boss Tell people what you did, and why it matters What You’ll Learn Today:What You’ll Learn Today:First Topic: Learn Speaking SkillsFirst Topic: Learn Speaking SkillsSpeaking Skills Are ImportantSpeaking Skills Are Important“Without effective delivery, a speech of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem. With effective delivery, even one with moderate abilities may surpass those of the highest talent.” Cicero What Are Speaking Skills?What Are Speaking Skills?Verbal (words spoken) Vocal (tone, range, appeal, credibility of voice) Visual (physical appearance, gestures, eye contact)7% 38% 55%Delivery SkillsMost Important: EnthusiasmMost Important: Enthusiasm “There is just one sure cure for bad speeches – Get truly excited on the subject, and 99 percent of the faults of your speaking will disappear.” Robert Montgomery Don’t accept a talk without enthusiasm Could be from interest, experience, environment Example: Martin Luther King I have a dream… that one day this nation will rise up; live out the true meaning to its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. Not how loud, but how sincereVerbal Skills – Be Simple & ClearVerbal Skills – Be Simple & ClearBe simple and clear! Don’t ramble Stop to think if you need to Example one: Dan Quayle celebrates democracy Example two: Dan Quayle trying to say “A mind is a terrible thing to waste”Verbal Skills – Use simple wordsVerbal Skills – Use simple wordsSpeaking is not like writing!!! Use simple words Don’t use complex sentences Can you understand this: Text: The development of this frightful means of destruction was ardently demanded by the perils of the time and situation. Simultaneously, however, a new paradoxical situation has been…. is upon us continually. One cannot defend oneself effectively any more. -- Albert EinsteinVocal Skills : Play your voiceVocal Skills : Play your voiceProject & resonate your voice No “UM”s and “ER”s. (Pause instead) Tools: silence, loudness, intonation, speed “You are right. I am wrong.” – Stalin to Trotsky “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” -- John F. Kennedy “I welcome this kind of examination, because people have to know whether their president is a crook. Well, I’m not a crook.” -- Richard M. Nixon Don’t overdo it!!!Vocal+Verbal : Words+IntonationVocal+Verbal : Words+IntonationJohn Kennedy: “You need to contribute to your country” “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”. Quayle vs. Benson Debate: Quayle: "I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency." Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy.“Visual SkillsVisual SkillsUS Election 1960 was won on visual skills Components of Visual Skills: Eyes Body Hands FaceVisual Skills – EyesVisual Skills – EyesLook forward at audience (trust) Don’t shift eyeballs; don’t look in corner Don’t look too much at computer screen or notes Look at people’s faces (not eyes) 3-6 seconds per person Shift randomly Nod, smile, use facial expressionVisual Skills – BodyVisual Skills – BodyStand up when talking Walk around = informal Don’t: Rock, shake Lean too muchVisual Skills – HandsVisual Skills – HandsGesture complements talk Should come naturally, without thinking Make sure they match! Need to exaggerate a little Especially with large audience Don’t fidget or put in pocket Videotape whole talk & watch Can improve hand gesturing!Visual Skills – FaceVisual Skills – FaceShow emotion! Most of the time: “I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.” Sometimes (in response to questions). “This is the most outrageous thing I’ve ever heard.” “I will have nothing to do with this.”Next Topic: Develop the talkNext Topic: Develop the talkThe Key Point: the Goal of the TalkThe Key Point: the Goal of the TalkThe ONE clear walk-away message. The answer to the question: “How was the talk?” The one thing people remember in 3 monthsThe Origin Point (Where the audience was)The Key Point (Where you took them)PersuasionMust Have Audience BenefitMust Have Audience BenefitPut audience needs at heart “What’s in it for you?” Has to be their reason, not yours Must consider feeling, not just reaction Must have right “you” Good phrases to know: “This is important to you because…” “Why am I telling you this? Because…” “What does this mean for you? Let me tell you…” Know your audience Experience, knowledge, attitudeNext Topic:Next Topic:Organizing the StoryOrganizing the StoryYou’re the salesman First lesson for salesmen:Tell them what you’re going to saySay itTell them what you saidOpeningBodyEndingThe OpeningThe OpeningYou never get a second chance to make a first impression Jerry Weissman The opening A question Factoid Anecdote Quotation Analogy Joke (make it relevant!) Customize the opening Lead to the Key Point Give a (very short) outline/overviewThe BodyThe Body Brainstorming into data dump Connect the ideas into “main themes” Connect the teams using one logic flowReady to write the slides? DON’T!!!Data DumpData Dump& Main ThemesThe FlowThe FlowPossible flows: Convincing logic & order Smooth transitions Keep repeating the Key Point!(See “Presenting to Win” by Jerry Weissman for more examples)The EndingThe EndingEnd with a BANG! “Tonight, we are a country awakened to danger and called to defend freedom. Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be served.” George W. Bush Repeat the Key Point “If you remember only one thing from this talk, then you should remember XXX” Say thank you Review of Organizing Your StoryReview of Organizing Your StoryOpening  Key PointClosing  Key PointBody (Repeat Key Point)Tell them what you’re going to saySay itTell them what you saidNext Topic:Next Topic:Design GraphicsDesign GraphicsPowerPoint only supports your talk Spend more time on organization & delivery! Design principles Keep it simple Apply psychology Make it easy to follow Make it attractive Your titles should tell your story Why “Keep It Simple”?Why “Keep It Simple”?Aim to develop a consistent style, using the standard stylesheet whenever possible. One concept per slide. The font that is being used should be very large 24 point or larger. I will now use smaller fonts to prove to you that it is a major strain to your eyes to read small fonts. The color of the font and the background should be in sharp contrast. If one is light, then the other should be dark. Otherwise it will be very hard to read. The use of bullets should be simple. Too many bullets distracts the user from listening to you. 3 big sub-ideas (or bullets) is the most you should have. The entire slide should have fewer than 8 bullets and sub-bullets. I will add a few more bullets to show this is not a good idea And one more And one more Keep the language used simple, so that the user doesn’t have to “think” to understand your point. Each bullet should fit in one line, because the idea of a bullet is to convey idea, headline, and server as a reminder (or cue) for you to describe and amplify. Parallel wording means the bullets are roughly parallel, and contain similar grammatical constructs. This can save the user a lot of time trying to “understand” what you said.Keep It SimpleKeep It SimpleConsistent look One concept per slide Readable >20 point Avoid abbreviation Use shadow outline fonts Contrast font & background Don’t leave too much blank space Keep It Simple : BulletsKeep It Simple : BulletsHeadline, not sentence Reminder for you Concise <4 top-level bullets <10 total bullets & sub-bullets Simple language One line per bullet Parallel wordingWhat’s wrong with this?What’s wrong with this?A good speech Clear point Understands what audience wants Organization based on logic Powerful opening Ending that people remember Instead, do this….Instead, do this….A good speech Clear point Appealing audience benefit Logical flow Powerful opening Strong close Apply Psychology to DesignApply Psychology to DesignDon’t fight natural eye movements Move left to right Return to upper left corner Sweep to lower right corner Subliminal hints Graphics to match your key point AnticipationApply Psychology to DesignApply Psychology to DesignDon’t fight natural eye movements Move left to right Return to upper left corner Sweep to lower right corner Subliminal hints Graphics to match your key point Anticipation Avoid bad signsWhat’s Wrong With This?What’s Wrong With This?Great financial results -- Revenue reached $1,000,000 -- Growth passed 20% -- Profit exceeded $200,000 Instead, do thisInstead, do thisGreat financial results Revenue reached $1,000,000 Growth passed 20% Profit exceeded $200,000 What’s Wrong With This?What’s Wrong With This?RevenueInstead, do thisInstead, do thisRevenueMake it Easy to FollowMake it Easy to FollowUse outline Highlight upcoming section Use builds Remind where you are General goal: Don’t make the audience think (Other than what you’re saying)Make It AttractiveMake It Attractive20 hours on preparation 10 hours on practice Why not spend 1 hour on attractive design?Instead of doing this…Instead of doing this…Cost Satisfaction Productivity RevenueWhy not do this…Why not do this…Instead of doing this…Instead of doing this…Bill Gates Brilliant Technologist Steve Ballmer Powerful Salesman Steve Jobs Passionate Evangelist Lou Gerstner Logical BusinessmanWhy not do this…Why not do this…Your Titles Should Tell the StoryYour Titles Should Tell the Story “The man who can think and does not know how to express what he thinks is at the level of him who cannot think.” Pericles Not just “presentation”, but “persuasion” Influence a friend, colleague, or boss. Tell people what you did, and why it matters. Get people’s “mindshare”. Next Topic:Next Topic:Rehearsing Your ContentRehearsing Your ContentPrepare, prepare, prepare Customize the talk Within-talk references Repeat key point Repeat main themes Repeat your company (university) name Practice to use same word(s) per concept Practice transitions between slides Rehearsing Your DeliveryRehearsing Your DeliveryRecord & listen to every talk at least twice! Best : PowerPoint features OK : Tape recorder Get the timing right Running out of time is a disaster Practice to an audience or record video Ask experienced speaker to critique Record video for critiqueNext Topic:Next Topic:Delivering the TalkDelivering the TalkConfidence & passion Overcoming language barrier Overcoming nervousness Humor Audience participation Be yourself Confidence & PassionConfidence & PassionMake sure you’re not too tired: Get enough sleep the previous night Drink (up to) 3 cups of coffee! No milk Stand on left side of screennullConfidence & PassionConfidence & PassionMake sure you’re not too tired: Get enough sleep the previous night Drink (up to) 3 cups of coffee! No milk Stand on left side of screen During your talk, do not apologize “Sorry I’m behind on time” “Sorry this slide is so hard to read”Overcoming Language BarrierOvercoming Language BarrierKnow your limitations Don’t use fancy words, complex sentences Don’t take any chance of looking silly Prepare an outline/script Rehearse before the talk Don’t have to use it Not OK to read your bullets But OK to read or memorize your speech Practice still required Proper vocal & visual skills still requiredOvercoming NervousnessOvercoming NervousnessIt is possible to hide nervousness! Don’t let the shaking show! Make a fist; hold the lectern Speak loudly Take a deep breath Don’t have to look at audience’s eyes Look at a friendly face Look above people’s heads“Do the thing you fear and the death of fear is certain.” -- Ralph Waldo EmersonHumorHumorGood humor: Relevant Respectful Short How to tell a joke? Prepare audience Pause after “punch line” Move on naturally if no reaction! Plan your humor: Remember what worked Use it again!Audience ParticipationAudience ParticipationAsk audience a question Anticipate their answer(s)! Respond with something interesting AND relevant Also OK to ask before talk & include in talk“I hear and I forget; I see and I remember; I do and I understand.”Be YourselfBe YourselfDon’t copy others’ styles Many styles could be effective You must be yourself to be credible Adapt your style, but stay within “comfort zone”Last Topic:Last Topic:Q&A: Opportunity to AmplifyQ&A: Opportunity to AmplifyQ&A is your last chance to: Amplify your points (particularly the Key Point) Increase your credibility If people are too shy, you start! Hard questions No need to answer directly But don’t hide! Narrow questions Take offline Q&A – Giving A Good AnswerQ&A – Giving A Good AnswerRespect the listener Don’t argue or dismiss a question Right body language Answer to the entire audience Repeat the question Complete if people cannot hear Paraphrase to help amplify your point ConclusionConclusionAnyone can become a good speaker; It just takes : a little skill, and a lot of practice! Use of Demos / MultimediaUse of Demos / MultimediaKeeps the talk interesting Don’t overdo it Should be tied to content Ordering : 2,N, N-1, N-2,….3, 1