英文电影赏析

nullnullnullIntroductionEnglish MoviesIntroductionnull1. IntroductionEnglish Movies ------- English Motion Pictures In order to make us familiar to British and American intonation and pronunciation, to understand the inter-culture between China and Western countries, to understand the background and culture in the movies, to get sensibility of native speaking to know the way of main media impact on modern social life, to be ware of the schools of literature and its effect to the motion picture industry, there are enough reasons to see English language movies.null2. Languages and Cultures Reflected from Movies Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Also, culture consists of all the shared products of human society. Culture refers to the entire way of life of a society. All of these only could be found in movies.null3. Different culture with different values Culture refers to state of intellectual development of a society and the customs, arts, social institutions, etc. of a particular group or people. The essence of culture is the values. Two kinds of people with different values will not do and think of something in the same way.nullnull4. A great combination of auditive and visual arts Auditive and visual arts are the two main and popular schools of arts. Motion pictures, the great combination of both of the above, takes the first place gradually and attracts mass better than each of the auditive and visual arts.null5. A great combination of literature and drama It is not necessary to say how literature origins but we all know that drama is one part of it. Fiction novels are more popular than dramas for the new generation. The motion picture actually takes the place of the drama art with the help of the developed and developing technology.nullChapter 1History and GenreChapter 1null6. The History of Motion Pictures – Early cinema1. 1826 The technological groundwork for motion pictures was laid by the invention of photography 2. 1889 The key breakthrough came with the introduction by Kodak of celluloid. 4. 1895 One of the first public exhibitions of the new technology occurred on 28 December at the Grand Café in Paris. “The Cinema of Attractions”3. 1890s Thomas Edison and Lumiere brothers in France invented cinema independently. null Edison and Eastman with Camera: Thomas Edison, right, prepares a motion-picture camera with George Eastman, founder of Eastman Kodak Company. In addition to inventing the incandescent (白炽的) light bulb, phonograph, and electric generator, Edison invented the motion-picture camera and viewer and later synchronized films with phonograph audio to produce the first multimedia presentations.null In France, the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière, who ran a factory in Lyons that manufactured photographic equipment, sought to improve on Edison’s accomplishment. By 1895 they developed a lightweight, hand-held camera that used a claw mechanism to advance the film roll. They named it the Cinématographe, and they soon discovered that it could also be used to show large images on a screen, when linked with projecting equipment. Throughout 1895 they shot films and projected them for select groups. Their first screening for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895.null Early Lumière Film: In December 1895, when brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière of France staged the first-ever movie show for a paying audience, one of their short films was L’arroseur arrosè (The Waterer Watered or The Sprinkler Sprinkled). The movie, often credited as the first cinematic comedy, featured a young boy who gets the best of a gardener trying to water the flowers. The early Lumière film shown here has a similar theme and is probably a remake or sequel (结局).null6. The History of Motion Pictures – Early cinema1. 1826 The technological groundwork for motion pictures was laid by the invention of photography 2. 1889 The key breakthrough came with the introduction by Kodak of celluloid. 4. 1895 One of the first public exhibitions of the new technology occurred on 28 December at the Grand Café in Paris. “The Cinema of Attractions”3. 1890s Thomas Edison and Lumiere brothers in France invented cinema independently. null6. The History of Motion Pictures – Classical Hollywood Cinema1. 1908 – 1926 Silent Movies The Birth of a Nation“A Cinema of Narrative”2. 1926 – now Sound Movies Don juannull The Birth of a Nation: A poster for the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation depicts the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. The film, directed by D. W. Griffith, portrays the rise of the Ku Klux Klan during the era of Reconstruction. While the film’s racial content sparked protests and riots, its technical innovations established it as one of the most important films ever made. Griffith’s dramatic editing and creative camerawork demonstrated the power that motion pictures could have on American audiences. nullJohn Wilkes Booth (1838-1865) nullKu Klux Klannull影片原名 The Great Dictator 影片译名 大独裁者 年　　代： 1940 地　　区： 美国 片　　长： 124 min  导　　演： 查里 卓别林 (Charles Chaplin)  编　　剧： 查里 卓别林 (Charles Chaplin)  类　　型： 喜剧 主要演员： 汉克 曼 切斯特 康克林 埃玛 邓恩   保利特 戈达德 雷金纳德 加德纳 查尔斯 欧文   比利 吉尔伯特 查里 卓别林 理查德 亚历山大 出品公司： 其他 色　　彩： 黑白 Classical Hollywood Cinema – The Great DictatornullThe emergence of the “Studio System”1.The domination of five major companies (“Big Five”): Warner Brothers; Loew’s-MGM; Fox; Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO); Paramount 2. Smaller companies (the “Little Three”): Columbia; Universal; United Artists;nullnullnullThe emergence of Movie Stars Classical Hollywood was the era in which the “Star” was born, and “star vehicles” – films built specifically around a number of major stars – became the most reliably profitable of the Hollywood production.nullThe Ideology of Classical Hollywood Cinema 1. Property, Enterprise and initiative; 2. The Work Ethic; 3. Marriage, Family and Home; 4. Progress, Technology and the City; 5. Success and Wealth; 6. America was a land of happiness; 7. The Ideal Male; 8. The Ideal Female;null6. The History of Motion Pictures – Classical Hollywood Cinema1. 1908 – 1926 Silent Movies The Birth of a Nation“A Cinema of Narrative”2. 1926 – now Sound Movies Don juannull6. The History of Motion Pictures – Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema In terms of the films themselves, post-classical Hollywood can be seen as the “New Hollywood” (or “renaissance”) period of the late 1960s and 1970s. The film would be released first on the big screen for a window of about 6 months, followed by a release on DVD/video for a window of an indefinite length; after this would come a release on pay-per-view TV, premium cable film channel, and then network TV.null7. Categorization of Genres How in practice should one go about determining the genres of a given film? Generic categories are generally defined on the basis of subject matter, formal properties, style or affective response. This reflects the way that filmmakers and audiences in practice use the concept of genre – as a loose, flexible, and overlapping system.null7. Categorization of GenresnullThe Functions of GenresOne of the main functions of genres is to ensure and increase profitability. 2. On a deeper level, genres can be viewed as basic imaginative forms and structures that help us to interpret the meaning and understand the significance of our lives.nullHorror Film From the earliest German horror films at the beginning of the twentieth century, horror films have generally followed three main narrative paths: 1. Narratives concerning madmen and mentally disturbed individuals;2. Narratives about horrific imaginary monsters;3. Narratives about abnormal hostile forces entering the lives of human beings.nullHorror FilmThe Narration of Horror Film Most horror films start from the basic narrative set-up of “normality” threatened by the appearance of a monster”, with the concept of the “monster” understood in its broadest sense to include abnormal beings, evil forces, and antisocial psychopaths. Typically this will occur in some remote place, and the action will be focused on a family unit. nullHorror FilmWhy do we need horror film? In part because horror and terror are stimulating; in part because horror encourages us to dwell on the basic problem of moral evil; and in part because horror brings to consciousness that which has been repressed and needs to be addressed. Perhaps, though, by drawing attention to human mortality and fragility of the human body, it makes us feel that much more grateful for the fact that we – unlike the unfortunate victims on the screen before us – remain joyously alive.nullHorror Film – The Shining中文名称：闪灵 英文名称：The Shining 发行时间：1980年05月23日 电影导演：Stanley Kubrick 电影演员：Jack Nicholson Scatman Crothers Shelley Duvall David Baxt Lia Beldam Lisa Burns Louise Burns Tony Burton 地 区：英国 语 言：英语 评 分： 8.2/10( 42487票 ) 颜 色： 彩色 时 长： 119 分钟 类 型： 恐怖 惊秫 分 级： 英国：XnullAmerican Film – The Rating SystemG -- "General Audience - All Ages Admitted": Applied when a film contains no nudity, sexual content, drug use or strong language. Violence is minimal and the theme of the movie is deemed appropriate for young children. PG -- "Parental Guidance Suggested. Some Material May Not Be Suitable For Children": The film can contain some profanity, violence or brief nudity, but only in relatively mild intensity. A PG film should not include drug use. PG-13 -- "Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13." A PG-13 movie can include a single use of what the board deems a "harsher, sexually derived word," as long as it is only used as an expletive, not in a sexual context. R --"Restricted. Under 17 Requires Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian": The Rating Board applies this rating to movies the members believe contain a high level of adult content, such as harsh profanity, intense violence, explicit sexual content and extensive drug use. NC-17: "No One 17 And Under Admitted": Originally called X, this rating is applied to films the board believes most parents will consider inappropriate for children. It indicates only that adult content is more intense than in an R movie; it does not imply any sort of obscenity. nullIMBD – The International Movie Databasenull8. Character Functions and Cast Designnull9. Vogler’s Seven Character Archetypesnull10. Comedy Film The three main approaches to emerge are the theories of: 1. Humour as Disparagement 2. Humour as Release 3. Humour as Incongruitynull10. Comedy Film Comedy in the cinema can be dated right back to 1895 and the first screening given by the Lumiere brothers of a short piece entitled “Watering the Gardener” Aristotle: A form of drama that deals in an amusing way with ordinary characters in everyday situations. Other ancient writers: In comedy the characters are private individuals (as opposed to kings or statesmen) from the middle level in society, that the dangers they face are not serious, and that their actions conclude happily.null10. Comedy Film Comedy – whether in its Greek, Shakespearean or Hollywood forms – tends to be concerned with the concept of renewal in its broadest sense. Northrop Frye: Comedy and tragedy were both parts of a mythic cycle, with comedy representing the victory of spring over winter. In this sense, tragedy can be considered an uncompleted comedy in which spring is never reached; comedy, conversely, represents the completion of a cycle that must contain within itself the possibility of tragedy.nullComedy Film– Enchanted◎译　　名　魔法奇缘 ◎片　　名　Enchanted ◎年　　代　2007 ◎国　　家　美国 ◎类　　别　动画/冒险/喜剧/家庭/幻想/爱情 ◎语　　言　英语 ◎IMDB评分 8.0/10 (20,220 votes) ◎IMDB链接 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0461770 ◎片　　长　108 mins ◎导　　演　凯文·利玛 Kevin Lima ◎主　　演　艾米·亚当斯 　　　　　　帕特里克·德姆西 　　　　　　詹姆斯·麦斯登 　　　　　　 苏珊·萨兰登 　　 　　　　蒂莫西·斯波 　　　　　　　　　　　　 约翰·罗斯曼 　　　　　　 马特·索维托null中文名称：反斗神鹰 英文名称：Hot Shots! 别 名：港译：反斗神鹰 电影导演：Jim Abrahams 电影演员：查利·希恩(Charlie Sheen) 　　　　　加利·艾尔维斯(Cary Elwes) 　　　　　Valeria Golino Lloyd Bridges 地 区：美国 语 言：英语 类　　型：喜剧（Comedy）　战争（War）　 国家地区：美国　 发行公司：福克斯（20th Century Fox）　 制作公司：福克斯（20th Century Fox）　 首映票房：$10,848,182.00 (单位：美元) MPAA定级：PG-13 级 全美票房：$68,267,322.00 (单位：美元) 片　　长：84 分钟 Comedy Film– Hot Shots!null11. Motivation, Conflict and Character Growthnull12. Narrative, Story, and Plot Narrative refers to the way that a story is told. It is principally concerned with the way that events are organized in time and space – the way in which the scriptwriter and director take the raw elements of a story and arrange them in the most attractive and interesting way.null13. The Basic StoriesAchilles Candide Cinderella Circe Faust Orpheus Remeo and Juliet Tristan The Wandering JewnullAchillesThe Basic StoriesnullCandideThe Basic StoriesnullCinderellaThe Basic StoriesnullCirceThe Basic StoriesnullFaustThe Basic StoriesnullOrpheusThe Basic StoriesnullRomeo & JulietThe Basic StoriesnullTristanThe Basic StoriesnullThe Basic StoriesThe wondering Jewnull13. The Classic Three-Act Linear Structurenull13. The Classic Three-Act Linear Structurenull13. The Classic Three-Act Linear StructurenullAction Film Features: Action films have tremendous impact, continuous high energy, lots of stunts (惊人表演), possibly extended chase scenes, rescues, battles, fights, escapes, non-stop motion, spectacular rhythm and pacing, and adventurous heroes – all designed for pure audience escapism (逃避现实)with action sequences at the core of the film. nullAction Film The Attraction: What is the attraction of the action genre? One point of view is that the action film has a compensatory function. 1. Where day-to-day life offers only dreariness and monotony, the action film guarantees excitement; 2. Where life offers only scarcity, the action film provides abundance; 3. Where life offers at best exhausting, the action film offers transparency and openness. nullAction Film The Reason: Action film suggests that its macho hero provides fantasies of omnipotence (无限威力) and heroism. Especially from the 1980s onwards, with the appearance of hyper-muscular action heroes such as Stallone and Schwarzenegger, the action film has been seen as reassertion (再断言) of traditional male strength in response to the demands of feminism. nullAction Film Audiences: Action films have traditionally been aimed at male audiences, ages 13 to the mid-30s, although modern action films have featured strong female characters to broaden demographic (人口统计学的) appeal. nullAction Film The Narration: The non-action elements of cinema, such as narrative, characterization, dialogue, and theme, undergo considerable simplification in the action genre. Narrative structure is reduced to the basic formula of chase followed by chase followed by chase followed by chase. Characters are not psychologically well developed; they are used instead as agents and/or victims of the next spectacular event. Dialogue is minimal, and themes (if they exist) are simple. nullAction Film – A Knight’s Tale ◎中 文 名　圣战骑士/骑士传奇 ◎片　　名　A Knights Tale ◎年　　代　2001 ◎国　　家　美国 ◎类　　别　动作/喜剧/冒险 ◎语　　言　英语 ◎字　　幕　中文/英文 ◎IMDB评分　6.5/10 (17,029 votes) ◎IMDB链接　 www.imdb.com/title/tt0183790 ◎片　　长　144 Min ◎导　　演　布莱恩·海尔格兰德 ◎主　　演　海斯·雷吉 卢夫斯·塞维尔 莎妮·索萨蒙 保罗·贝塔尼 劳拉·弗兰斯 马克·艾迪 艾伦·图代克 nullAction Film – Die Hard IV 英文：Live Free or Die Hard/Die Hard 4.0 导演：兰·威斯曼 Len Wiseman 编剧：马克·邦贝克 Mark Bomback 主演：布鲁斯·威利斯 Bruce Willis 　　　贾斯汀·朗 Justin Long 　　　Maggie Q 　　　蒂莫西·奥利芬特 Timothy Olyphant 　　　玛丽·伊丽莎白·文斯蒂德 类型：动作/犯罪/惊悚 片长：130分钟 级别：PG-13（动作、暴力场面） 发行：20世纪福克斯 20th Century Fox 上映日期：2007年6月27日 null14. Alternative Narrative Structures Episodic Structure Episodic narratives follow the protagonist through a series of potentially unrelated adventures. As the three-act structure, there are definite “turning points” at which the fortunes of the protagonist turn from good to bad or vice versa; however, unlike the three-act structure, the number of such turning points is not limited. What holds the narrative together id not so much the arrangement of the events as the figure of the protagonist himself.null14. Alternative Narrative Structures Hero’s Journey Structure The Hero’s Journey narrative forms the underlying narrative structure of many myths and legends. 1. Call to Adventure 2. Journey through Unfamiliar World 3. Supreme Ordeal 4. Reward 5. Return and Reintegration into Society null15. Subplots Most Hollywood films have one or more subplots. Subplots are additional stories (secondary plots) that are linked to the main plot and have an influence upon it; they do not require separate protagonists, but they do require separate actions. Subplots often display the theme more openly than the main plot – allowing for elaboration upon it – and thus tell us what the film is really about in a larger sense.null15. Subplots The relationship between the main plot and the subplots can take any one of four forms. These are: 1. Complementary The ideas of the subplot reflect the ideas of the main plot. 2. Contradictory The ideas of the subplot go against the ideas of the main plot. 3. Setup The subplot works as a “hook” to interest the audience and draw them indirectly into the main plot. 4. Complicating The subplot complicates the main plot by creating additional problems for the protagonist in his pursuit of his primary goal.null Romance films are love stories whose narrative centers on the romantic involvement of the main characters and the course of their love. The essence of the romantic film is the “force opposed to love ” that, by presenting obstacles to the lovers, turns a love affair into a story. In the past force has taken the form of so-called “blocking characters”.17. Romance Film Another method employed by romantic films is to start from the so-called “unlikely couple” scenario.nullRomance Film - Groundhog Day原 片 名： Groundhog Day 中 文 名：偷天情缘 出品年代： 1993 IMDB评分： 7.8/10 (27,865 votes) 国　　家：美国 类　　别：荒诞/喜剧/爱情 导　　演：哈罗德 雷米斯 (Harold Ramis) 主　　演：比尔 默里 安迪 麦克道尔 斯蒂芬 托伯罗斯基 影片长度： 101 Mins 对白语言：英语 发行公司：Columbia/Tristar　 影片类型：Romance　 级　　别：PG 片　　长：101分钟 首映日期：1993年2月13日null16. Restricted / Unrestricted narrationRestricted Narration: Narration that withholds much of the story information from the audience. mystery and detective genresUnrestricted (or omniscient) Narration: is a term used to describe narration that a