现代大学英语(精读)2--lesson1

nullLesson OneLesson OneAnother School Year--- What For? Introduction Introduction Topic discussion: 1. What do you expect from a new semester? 2. Do you think you can fulfil that? If you think you can , how? If you think you can’t, why not? Background InformationBackground Information Do you know anything about the famous historic literary figures below? Match the related information.nullnullTopic discussionTopic discussion What are the purposes of higher education?   Topic discussionTopic discussionSuggested answers: 1.    To give Ss sufficient training for a career. 2.   To expose Ss to the essence of human civilization 3.   To cultivate the qualities of being a human 4.   To gather useful information and knowledge 5.    To encourage intellectual curiosity and cultural appreciation   Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes 1. In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life. ---- William White 2. The foundation of every state is the education of the youth. ---- Diogenes 3. I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. ---- Mark Twain Pre-class QuestionsPre-class QuestionsWhat did the writer do after he was fresh from graduate school? Why did the student come to see him in the office? How did the writer reason with the student ? 1) Did he start with the reasons why universities should provide Ss with both training and education? Pre-class QuestionsPre-class Questions 2) Why did the writer do some calculation? 3) Do you think the student was convinced? 4. What is the writer’s view on the purpose of a university? Lesson OneLesson OneNew words and phrases: 1. fresh ( be fresh out of ) 2. body 3. point to/point out 4. specimen 5. enrol 6. reach for 7. scrollLesson OneLesson One 8. certify 9. specialize 10. expose 11. generate 12. matter 13. average 14. hold 15. be employed in doing sth. Lesson OneLesson One16. assume 17. see to it that 18. along with 19. suffice 20. penetrate 21. preside (over) 22. be out to do / be out for sth. 23. be stuck forLesson OneLesson One24. have no business 25. species 26. civilized 27. be true of 28. add to (add sth. to sth. / add up to) 29. literal (in literal time) 30. contain(Cf. hold/consist/ compose ) 31. humanity 32. in essence null1. fresh ( be fresh out of / from sth.): to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience eg: Students fresh from Business school should have a three-month probation in the company . freshness: n. freshen: (freshen up) : to make sth. cleaner and more pleasanter eg: The air freshened his lungs. Fresher/ freshman: a student who has just started university or college Cf: sophomore/ junior / senior/ graduate/ postgraduatenull2. body: 1. a group of people as a unit who work and act together, often for an official purpose , or who are connected in some other way. Eg: a legislative body / a law-making body The governing body of the University is / are very concerned about students’ safety on the new campus. 2. the main part of sth. eg: The body of the writing is not well-developed. the body of a vehicle (a plane, a ship ) the body of a building 3. a body/ bodies of sth. : large amount of sth. eg: a body of rumour/ evidence/ informationnull3. point to/point out point to: if sth. points to place or points in a direction, it shows where the place is or faces in that direction. Eg: There must be a street sign pointing to the scenic spot. If sth. points to a particular situation , it suggests that the situation exists or is likely to occur. Eg: All evidence points to his guilt. Point out: to draw attention to / to inform sb. of sth. null4. specimen : a single plant or animal which is an example of a particular species or type. 5. enroll: 1. (Vi)to arrange for yourself or somebody else to officially join a course , school , etc., eg: To better communicate with his clients, he enrolled in a business English course at a night school. 2. (Vt.) make sb. a member of , eg: Universities will enrol new students this spring. Enrolment: N.null6. reach for: to try to obtain sth. eg: what are the goals in life to reach for ? 7. scroll: a long roll of paper or other material with writing on it. 8. certify: to declare or state officially , esp. in writing . + that +sb./sth. as +sb./sth. to be 9. specialize in : to limit all or most of one’s study ,business ,etc. to a particular activity or subject, nulleg. She's hired a lawyer who ~s in (= limits her studying or work to )divorce cases. The shop specializes in (= selling) antique furniture. I went to a restaurant that ~s in Italian food. specialization /-isation n. [U] [C] Eg. In the courseI'm taking, there 's no opportunity for ~ (=limiting my studying or work to one particular area) until the final year. The lawyer said that he was unable to help us because our case fell outside his ~ (=his particular area if knowledge.)null10. expose be exposed to (usu. a new idea or feeling) : to be given experience of it, or introduced to it <1> leave (sb/sth) open to the effect of (sth) 接触，经历；（引申为）暴露，显露，使受（危险，风险） Unfortunately, the film has been ~d to light, and so the photograph cannot develop. The baby was left ~d to the wind and rain. In 1971, the people of East Africa were ~d to every kind of danger ── flood, famine, disease and war. expose … to His fatness ~s him to a lot of joking at the office. As far as possible, the teacher should ~ the students to real life situations. null<2>make known, reveal 揭露/示，透露 He ~d the plan to the newspaper. I threatened to ~ him to the police. 11. generate: to produce / to create eg: 1.The movie will continue to generate excitement for a long time. 2. generate electricity 12. matter: v. to be important or to have an important effect on sb./ sth. 13. average: n./ adj./ v. n. on an average/ on the average/ on average v. average : eg: Her life expenses average 700 yuan RMB a month. average out to : to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher and lower. null14. hold: (hold good): to be true or valid/ to apply eg: Will the rule hold in all cases? The principle will hold in the coming century. 15. be employed in doing sth. : to spend your time doing sth., eg: When his mother stepped into the room, he was employed in playing computer games. 16. assume 1 ) to believe sth. to be true without actually having proof that it is; suppose 认为，揣想，假定 eg: Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars. A witness in a murder trial is assumed to know the facts in the case. Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?null2）to pretend to have, to begin to have 装出（…样子），显出 eg: He assumes a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little. His illness assumed a very grave character. 3) to take or claim for oneself (sometimes without the right to do so); begin to have or use 开始执行（任务），开始做… He himself is to assume the direction of the business. The prince assumed power when he was only fifteen.null17. see to it that: to make sure that, eg: You should see to it that this poor boy will have enough to eat. She sees to it that everything will be in order before the conference. 18. along with: in addition to sb./ sth.; in the same way as sb./sth. eg: He put all his money, along with his will into his safe before he suicide. 19. suffice: if sth. suffices, it is enough to achieve a purpose or to fulfil a need. Eg: A very few rains will suffice to drain light or sandy soil. null20. penetrate penetrate [vi/vt] : ~ (into) through <1> pierce into or through 渗透，穿透，深入 Rain water has ~ (through) the roof of my house. Above my head a pale sun tried to ~ the heavy sky. The Smell ~d into the whole house. <2> understand or discover看穿，洞察 It was impossible to ~ the mystery. Were you able to ~ the author’s symbolism? <3> be ~d with. (fill or spread through sth/sb) 充满（某种情绪，遍布） The whole country is ~ with fear.null21. preside (over): if you preside over a formal meeting or event, you are in charge of or act as a chairperson. Eg: He had presided over a seminar for theoretical physicist. 22. be out to do / be out for sth. : to be trying to get or do sth. eg: During the holiday, I am out to have a good rest. He is out for a remarkable pay rise in the negotiation with the boss. Power for themselves is what they are our for. 23. be stuck for: not to know what to do in a particular situation. Eg: In the middle of the speech, he was stuck for words. 24. have no business doing sth. / to do sth.: to have no right to do sth. , shouldn’t have been / be doing sth. eg: She has no business telling me to do this and to do that. He has no business to get involved into the scandal.null25. species: (it is both a singular and the plural form) A species is a class of plants and animals whose members have the same characteristics and are able to breed with each other. Eg: There are more than 250 species of shark in the world. 26. civilized: educated / refined 27. be true of (a person or a situation) : to apply to , eg: What is true of some groups of children may not be true of all of them. Chinese children are taught to “Respect the old and cherish the young ”, which is true of all the nations. null28. add to: to increase eg: You have no business to add to the ache of her heart. Her wonderful performance added to our enjoyment . add sth. to sth.: add fuel to the flame/ add insult to injury add up to : eg: Your long explanation added up to a refusal. Do you think what I suffered in the past twenty year could add up to nothing? 29. in literal time: in reality literal adj. 1.if you say that sth. is a literal fact or literal truth, you are emphasizing that it is true. 2. literal translation means word-for –word translation rather than paraphrase null3. (cf : figuative)if you use a word or expression in its literal sense, you use it with its most basic meaning or with its main meaning . Eg. The ~ meaning of "television" is "seeing from a distance". Her translation is too ~ (= done one word at a time and therefore unnatural). Richard can be very ~-minded sometimes. When I said I'd rather die than spend a weekend with Nancy, he thought I meant it. literacy n. [U] the ability to read and write识字 literate adj. (cf. illiterate) 识字的 Eg. According to the latest national survey, illiterate rate in the country has decreased from null 15.88% to 6.72% in ten years. (with the rising literate proportion of the population) (fig.) People who are computer ~ have a better chance of finding a job. literary adj. of literature文学（上）的；书面的 eg. ~ works; a ~ language/style 30. contain(Cf. hold/consist/ compose ): to have or be capable of having within 31. humanity Humanity: 1) human being generally 人类 (U) I’d like to do something for poor humanity. All humanity will be helped by advances in medical sciences. 2) the quality of being humane , human nature人性 (U) It is an act of humanity to help the oppressed. They treated the prisoner with humanity.null 3) humanities subjects of study concerned with human culture, esp literature,language, history and philosophy 人文学科 humane: showing human kindness and qualities of a civilized person人道的, 仁慈的, 慈悲的 A humane person would not hurt any creature. Helping that family was a very humane thing to do. human (line 70): 1) of or concerning man 人类的 That was the beginning of human life. It’s human nature that parents should be frightfully fond of their children. 2) showing the feelings, esp. those of kindness which people are supposed to have有人性 的, 有人情味的 To err is human.犯错误人皆难免 If you must dismiss the employee do it in a human way.nullhumanism: 人道主义, 人文主义 They began placing faith in their own qualities, their own judgement. This new spirit was called humanism. humanitarian: 人道主义者, 慈善家, 博爱主义者 Shelly depicts him as an advanced humanitarian. All humanitarians fought against slavery. 32. in essence: basically, by nature, eg: He is in essence a good man. (= in himself) The movie is not in essence a comedy. Vocab TestVocab TestFill in the blanks with the expressions you self-studied in their proper form. specialize in / be out for/have no business/ be true of / point to / fresh from/ enrol in / be employed in 1) Students _______ Business school should have a three-month probation in the company . 2) There must be a street sign _________the scenic spot. 3) She's hired a lawyer who_____ divorce cases. Vocab TestVocab Test 4) To better communicate with his clients, he _______ a business English course at a night school. 5) When his mother stepped into the room, he__________ playing computer games. 6) He_______a remarkable pay rise in the negotiation with the boss. 7) Chinese children are taught to “respect the old and cherish the young ”, which _____ all the nations. 8) You _______ to add to the ache of her heart. Keys to Vocab TestKeys to Vocab TestFill in the blanks with the expressions you self-studied in their proper form. 1) Students fresh from Business school should have a three-month probation in the company . 2) There must be a street sign pointing to the scenic spot. 3) To better communicate with his clients, he enrolled in a business English course at a night school. 4) She's hired a lawyer who specializes in divorce cases. Vocab TestVocab Test 5) When his mother stepped into the room, he was employed in playing computer games. 6) He is out for a remarkable pay rise in the negotiation with the boss. 7) Chinese children are taught to “respect the old and cherish the young ”, which is true of all the nations. 8) You have no business to add to the ache of her heart.