杨鹏GRE长难句 Albert 2011年12月7日

杨鹏GRE长难句最简版Albert2011-12-71.Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.2.(Thisis)adesiretothrowoverrealityalightthatneverwasmightgiveawayabruptlytothedesireonthepartofwhatwemightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcretelythestructureandtextureofaflower.3.Hardy’sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.4.VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics,sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliteraryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe"poetic"novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.5.AssheputitinTheCommonReader,“itissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”6.Withtheconclusionofaburstactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.7.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,revealedmostclearlyonplantationswheresalewasinfrequent,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.8.Gutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheblackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof--andsowascrucialinsustaining--theblackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.9.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriage,which,thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.10.Histhesisworksrelativelywellwhenappliedtodiscriminationagainstblacksintheunitedstates,buthisdefinitionofracialprejudiceas"racially--basednegativeprejudgmentsagainstagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofethniccompetition,"canbeinterpretedasalsoincludinghostilitytowardsuchethnicgroupsastheChineseinCaliforniaandtheJewsinmedievalEurope.11.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.12.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconditionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.13.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas"commoncurrency"throughoutthenervoussystem.14.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsycho--neuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.15.Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat,asanobjectbecomesfamiliar,itsinternalrepresentationbecomesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel,theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis,atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.16.Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.17.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact--realAmazoniansocieties--butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.18.Thus,forinstance,itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheSchrödingerequationforthehydrogenatomisnotaliterallycorrectdescriptionofthisatom,butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin,magneticdipole,andrelativisticeffects;andthatthiscorrectedequationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetofquantumfield--theoreticalequations.19.Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument,sinceanargumentthatisconvincingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsforceiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged,whereasanargumentthatisconvincingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.20.However,astheygainedcohesion,thebluestockingscametoregardthemselvesasawomen’sgroupandtopossessasenseoffemalesolidaritylackinginthesalonnieres,whoremainedisolatedfromoneanotherbytheprimacyeachheldinherownsalon.21.Asmyownstudieshaveadvanced,Ihavebeenincreasinglyimpressedwiththefunctionalsimilaritiesbetweeninsectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowiththestructuraldifferencesthatseem,atfirstglance,toconstitutesuchanimmensegulfbetweenthem.22.Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.23.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic？24.Inaddition,thestyleofsomeblacknovels,likeJeanToomer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefate,againstwhichblackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?25.Blackfictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle--knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.26.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheearth’ssurface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.27.Therolethoseanthropologistsascribetoevolutionisnotofdictatingthedetailsofhumanbehaviorbutoneofimposingconstraints--waysoffeeling,thinking,andactingthat"comenaturally"inarchetypalsituationsinanyculture.28.Whichofthefollowingmostprobablyprovidesanappropriateanalogyfromhumanmorphologyforthe“details”versus“constraints”distinctionmadeinthepassageinrelationtohumanbehavior?29.Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofahighnumberofgrazerssuggested,butdidnotprove,thatthegrazershadremovedmostofthealgae.30.Perhapsthefactmanyofthesefirststudiesconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinanet(netphytoplankton),apracticethatoverlookedthesmallerphytoplankton(nannoplankton)thatwenowknowgrazersaremostlikelytofeedon,ledtoade-emphasisoftheroleofgrazersinsubsequentresearch.31.StudiesbyHardgraveandGeenestimatednaturalcommunitygrazingratesbymeasuringfeedingratesofindividualzooplanktonspeciesinthelaboratoryandthencomputingcommunitygrazingratesforfieldconditionsusingtheknownpopulationdensityofgrazers.32.Intheperiodsofpeakzooplanktonabundance,thatis,inthelatespringandinthesummer,Haneyrecordedmaximumdailycommunitygrazingrates,fornutrient--poorlakesandboglakes,respectively,of6.6percentand114percentofdailyphytoplanktonproduction.33.Thehydrologiccycle,amajortopicinthisscience,isthecompletecycleofphenomenathroughwhichwaterpasses,beginningasatmosphericwatervapor,passingintoliquidandsolidformasprecipitation,thencealongandintothegroundsurface,andfinallyagainreturningtotheformofatmosphericwatervaporbymeansofevaporationandtranspiration.34.Onlywhenasystempossessesnaturalorartificialboundariesthatassociatethewaterwithinitwiththehydrologiccyclemaytheentiresystemproperlybetermedhydrogeologic.35.ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheunitedstatessinceabout1870hadbeenprecipitatedbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatis,thedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.36.Intheearly1950’s,historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800)began,forthefirsttimeinlargenumbers,toinvestigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepoliticalandsocialelite:thekings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,andlocalmagnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.37.HistorianssuchasLeRoyLaduriehaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups(theseattitudesinclude,butarenotconfinedto,attitudestowardcrime)andauthoritiesadministeredjustice.38.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinanotherdecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutthelawandhaverevealedhowthewhichofthefollowing?39.Mypointisthatitscentralconsciousness--itsprofoundunderstandingofclassandgenderasshapinginfluencesonpeople’slives--owesmuchtothatearlierliteraryheritage,aheritagethat,ingeneral,hasnotbeensufficientlyvaluedbymostcontemporaryliterarycritics.40.Eventherequirementthatbiomaterialsprocessedfromthesematerialsbenontoxictohosttissuecanbemetbytechniquesderivedfromstudyingthereactionsoftissueculturestobiomaterialsorfromshort-termimplants.41.Butachievingnecessarymatchesinphysicalpropertiesacrossinterfacesbetweenlivingandnonlivingmatterrequiresknowledgeofwhichmoleculescontrolthebondingofcellstoeachother--anareathatwehavenotyetexploredthoroughly.42.Islamiclawisaphenomenonsodifferentfromallotherformsoflaw--notwithstanding,ofcourse,aconsiderableandinevitablenumberofcoincidenceswithoneortheotherofthemasfarassubjectmatterandpositiveenactmentsareconcerned--thatitsstudyisindispensableinordertoappreciateadequatelythefullrangeofpossiblelegalphenomena.43.(bothJewishlawandcanonlawaremoreuniformthanIslamiclaw.)thoughhistoricallythereisadiscerniblebreakbetweenJewishlawofthesovereignstateofancientIsraelandoftheDiaspora(thedispersionofJewishpeopleaftertheconquestofIsrael),thespiritofthelegalmatterinlaterpartsoftheoldtestamentisveryclosetothatoftheTalmud,oneoftheprimarycodificationsofJewishlawintheDiaspora.44.Islam,ontheotherhand,representedaradicalbreakawayfromtheArabpaganismthatprecededit;Islamiclawistheresultofanexamination,fromareligiousangle,(examination)oflegalsubjectmatterthatwasfarfromuniform,comprisingasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre--IslamicArabiaandnumerouslegalelementstakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories.45.Onesuchnovelideaisthat(idea)ofinsertingintothechromosomesofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen--fixingbacteria.Hence,(thereis)theintensifiedresearchonlegumes.46.Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’leavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.47.Unlesstheysucceed,theyieldgainsofthegreenrevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifthegenesinlegumesthatequipthoseplantstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated,andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes,oncetheyarefound,becomespossible.48.Itssubject(touseMaynardMack’scategories)is"life--as--spectacle,”forreaders,divertedbyitsvariousincidents,observeitsheroOdysseusprimarilyfromwithout;thetragicIliad,however,presents"life--as--experience":readersareaskedtoidentifywiththemindofAchilles,whosemotivationsrenderhimanotparticularlylikablehero.49.Moststrikingamongthemanyasymmetriesevidentinanadultflatfishiseyeplacement:beforematurityoneeyemigrates,sothatinanadultflatfishbotheyesareonthesamesideofthehead.50.AcritiqueofHandlin’sinterpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660’ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationsforthedifferenttreatmentofblackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded.51.Thebestevidenceforthelayered--mantlethesisisthewell--establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands,islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle,arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemid--oceanridgesystem,whosesource,mostgeologistscontend,istheuppermantle.52.Somegeologists,however,onthebasisofobservationsconcerningmantlexenoliths,arguethatthemantleisnotlayered,butthatheterogeneityiscreatedbyfluidsrichin"incompatibleelements"(elementstendingtowardliquidratherthansolidstate)irregularly,percolatingupwardandtransformingportionsoftheuppermantleaccordingtothevagariesofthefluids’pathways.53.FalloisproposedthatProusthadtriedtobeginanovelin1908,abandoneditforwhatwastobealongdemonstrationofSaint-Beuve’sblindnesstotherealnatureofgreatwriting,foundtheessaygivingrisetopersonalmemoriesandfictionaldevelopments,andallowedthesetotakeoveritasteadilydevelopingnovel.54.Theveryrichnessandcomplexityofthemeaningfulrelationshipsthatkeptpresentingandrearrangingthemselvesonalllevels,fromabstractintelligencetoprofounddreamyfeelings,madeitdifficultforProusttosetthemoutcoherently.55.Butthoseofwhohoped,withKolb,thatKolb’snewlypublishedcompleteeditionofProust’scorrespondencefor1909woulddocumenttheprocessingreaterdetailaredisappointed.56.NowwemustalsoexaminethecultureasweMexicanAmericanshaveexperiencedit,passingfromasovereignpeopletocompatriotswithnewlyarrivingsettlersto,finallyaconqueredpeopleacharterminorityonourownland.57.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(cDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerrRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.Ifbraincellsaremakingthehormones,thecellswillcontainthesemRNAs.Iftheproductsthebraincellsmakeresemblethehormonesbutarenotidenticaltothem,thenthecDNA’sshouldstillbindtothesemRNA’s,butshouldnotbindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.58.ThemolecularapproachtodetectingpeptidehormonesusingcDNAprobesshouldalsobemuchfasterthantheimmunologicalmethodbecauseitcantakeyearsoftediouspurificationstoisolatepeptidehormonesandthendevelopantiserumstothem.59.Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheiceagehadtheybeeninchargeofevents.60.Thissuccessionwasbasedprimarilyonaseriesofdepositsandeventsnotdirectlyrelatedtoglacialandinterglacialperiods,ratherthanonthemoreusualmodernmethodofstudyingbiologicalremainsfoundininterglacialbedsthemselvesinterstratifiedwithinglacialdeposits.61.Therehavebeenattemptstoexplainthesetaboosintermsofinappropriatesocialrelationshipseitherbetweenthosewhoareinvolvedandthosewhoarenotsimultaneouslyinvolvedinthesatisfactionofabodilyneed,orbetweenthosealreadysatiatedandthosewhoappeartobeshamelesslygorging.62.ManycriticsofEmilyBronte’snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson,ifitdoesnotreverse,thefirstpart,wherea"romantic"readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.63.GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythenovel’sheterogeneousparts.64.Thisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretationnecessarilystiffensintoathesis(althoughrigidityinanyinterpretationofthisorofanynovelisalwaysadanger),butbecauseWutheringHeightshasrecalcitrantelementsofundeniablepowerthat,ultimately,resistinclusioninanall--encompassinginterpretation.65.Theisotopiccompositionofleadoftenvariesfromonesourceofcommoncopperoretoanother,withvariationsexceedingthemeasurementerror;andpreliminarystudiesindicatevirtuallyuniformisotopiccompositionoftheleadfromasinglecopper--oresource.66.Moreprobableisbirdtransport,eitherexternally,byaccidentalattachmentoftheseedstofeathers,orinternally,bytheswallowingoffruitandsubsequentexcretionoftheseeds.67.Along-heldviewofthehistoryofEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEngland’spolicytowardthesecoloniesbefore1763wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthatachangetoamoreimperialpolicy,dominatedbyexpansionistmilitaristobjectives,generatedthetensionsthatultimatelyledtotheAmericanRevolution.68.Itisnotknownhowrarethisresemblanceis,orwhetheritismostoftenseenininclusionsofsilicatessuchasgarnet,whosecrystallographyisgenerallysomewhatsimilartothatofdiamond;butwhenpresent,theresemblanceisregardedascompellingevidencethatthediamondsandinclusionsaretrulycogenetic.69.Eventhe"radical"critiquesofthismainstreamresearchmodel,suchasthecritiquedevelopedindividedsociety,attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobilityandarethusunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonialminority.71.Openacknowledgementoftheexistenceofwomen’soppressionwastooradicalfortheUnitedStatesinthefifties,andBeauvoir’sconclusion,thatchangeinwomen’seconomiccondition,thoughinsufficientbyitself,“remainsthebasicfactor”inimprovingwomen’ssituation,wasparticularlyunacceptable.72.Othertheoristsproposethatthemoonwasrippedoutoftheearth’srockymantlebytheearth’scollisionwithanotherlargecelestialbodyaftermuchoftheearth’sironfelltoitscore.73.However,recentscholarshiphasstronglysuggestedthatthoseaspectsofearlyNewEnglandculturethatseemtohavebeenmostdistinctlyPuritan,suchasthestrongreligiousorientationandthecommunalimpulse,werenoteventypicalofNewEnglandasawhole,butwerelargelyconfinedtothetwocoloniesofMassachusettsandConnecticut.74.Thus,whatincontrasttothePuritancoloniesappearstoDavistobepeculiarlySouthern-acquisitiveness,astronginterestinpoliticsandthelaw,andatendencytocultivatemetropolitanculturalmodels-wasnotonlymoretypicallyEnglishthantheculturalpatternsexhibitedbyPuritanMassachusettsandConnecticut,butalsoalmostcertainlycharacteristicofmostotherearlymodernBritishcoloniesfromBarbadosnorthtoRhodeislandandnewHampshire.75.PortrayalsofthefolkofMecklenburgCounty,NorthCarolina,whomheremembersfromearlychildhood,ofthejazzmusiciansandtenementroofsofhisHarlemdays,ofPittsburghsteelworkers,andhisreconstructionofclassicalGreekmythsintheguiseoftheancientblackkingdomofBenin,attesttothis.76.Averyspecializedfeedingadaptationinzooplanktonisthatofthetadpolelikeappendicularianwholivesinawalnut-sized(orsmaller)balloonofmucusequippedwithfiltersthatcaptureandconcentratephytoplankton.77.Thesehistorians,however,haveanalyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.78.Apparentlymostmassivestarsmanagetolosesufficientmaterialthattheirmassesdropbelowthecriticalvalueof1.4mbeforetheyexhausttheirnuclearfuel.79.Thisissoeventhougharmedforcesoperateinanethosofinstitutionalchangeorientedtowardoccupationalequalityandunderthefederalsanctionofequalpayforequalwork.80.Animpact(onMars)capableofejectingafragmentoftheMartiansurfaceintoanearth-intersectingorbitisevenlessprobablethansuchaneventonthemoon,inviewofthemoon’ssmallersizeandcloserproximitytoearth.81.Notonlyarelivertransplantsneverrejected,buttheyeveninduceastateofdonor-specificunresponsivenessinwhichsubsequenttransplantsofotherorgans,suchasskin,fromthatdonorareacceptedpermanently.82.Asrockinterfacearecrossed,theelasticcharacteristicsencountered(byseismicwaves)generallychangeabruptly,whichcausespartoftheenergytobereflectedbacktothesurface,whereitisrecordedbyseismicinstruments.83.Whilethenewdoctrineseemsalmostcertainlycorrect,theonepapyrusfragmentraisesthespecterthatanothermaybeunearthed,showing,forinstance,thatitwasaposthumousproductionoftheDanaidtetralogywhichbestedSophocles,andthrowingthedateoncemoreintoutterconfusion.84.Themethodsthatacommunitydevisestoperpetuateitselfcomeintobeingtopreserveaspectsoftheculturallegacythatthatcommunityperceivesasessential.85.Traditionally,pollinationbywindhasbeenviewedasareproductiveprocessmarkedbyr