名词

nullnull（名词）null1. 名词的分类2. 名词的数3. 名词的格null可数名词不可数名词个体名词某些集体名词专有名词物质名词抽象名词某些集体名词1.名词分类null个体名词 定义:示人或事物个体的名称。eg. chair teacher student map door →(可数名词)null集体名词定义:表示一类人或一些事物的总称。 eg. people, police, class, family, enemy, team, group, government, company, jewelry(班级) (组) (群)→(可数&不可数名词)null专有名词定义: 是个别的人、事物、地点或机构等 专有的名称。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 eg. China, Mary, the Summer Palace, the United Nationsnull物质名词定义: 表示无法分为个体的物质, 本身不能计数。eg. water, air, tea, snow, milk→(不可数名词)null抽象名词定义:表示人或物的状态、品质等抽 象概念。本身不能计数。 不能与不定冠词(a/an)连用。eg. work health fun safety care knowledge→(不可数名词)null 规则变化2.名词的数可数名词不可数名词 不规则变化 复合名词的复数表示数量关系需要用量词null2.名词的数补充1补充3beliefs proofs(证据)补充4: Chinese aircraft means (n.)补充2null补充1:以s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的加“es” ;eg. watch—watches brush —brushes Negro— Negroes brush — brushes box — boxes class— classes tomato—tomatoes potato —potatoesnull 以s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的加“es” ;补充2: 有少数以“元音字母+o”结尾 的名词只加“s”eg. radio—radios zoo — zoos piano— pianos photo— photos studio— studios bamboo—bamboosnull 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的改y为i加“es”;补充3: 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词 只加“s”eg. boy—boys toy — toys play—playsnull补充4:只有复数的名词eg. glasses trousers pants shorts scissors(眼镜) (裤子) (长裤) (短裤) (剪刀)null 复合名词的复数复合名词的构成: 由两个或两个以上的 简单词构成。 构成方法: 1.在最后一个名词尾加上“s”; eg. boy-friends, girl-friends, grown-ups(成年人) man doctor → woman writer→ a man teacher→ man doctor → men doctors woman writer→women writers a man teacher→ two men teachers2.由man和woman构成的复合名词的复数 变成:“men/women+复数名词”null The police _____looking for the thieves at that time. A. are B.is C.was D. werewerepeople, police,,majority(大多数者), minority(少数) 和 clothes, trousers, glasses, shoes等 名词表示复数意义; 当他们作主语时, 应特别注意谓语动词要用复数形式。 Her old clothes _____ been thrown away. A. are B. is C. have D. hashave 复合名词的复数null常考的不可数名词news, fun, advice, information,work, homework, weather, luggage(行李) furniture(家具),medicine, paper(纸), progress(进步),cloth(布),money, bread, knowledge,null3.名词的格 定义: 表示所有关系、所属关系。 构成方法: 1.有生命的名词后加 ’s ; (以s结尾的复数名词只加 ’ ) 2.无生命的名词用of+名词表示所属关系 (时间,距离,国家,团体,星球等名词也可 用 ’s或 ’ 表示所有格)null3.名词的格3. 对于并列名词,如果一件东西为两个人 或两个人以上所共有,则只在最后一个 名词的末尾加 ’s;如果是分属几人所有, 则在每个名词后加’s。Mr. Fred and Jane’s father Mr. Fred’s and Jane’s fathers Tom and Jack’s room Tom’s and Jack’s roomsMr. Fred and Jane’s father (一个父亲) Mr. Fred’s and Jane’s fathers (两个父亲) Tom and Jack’s room (两人一间房) Tom’s and Jack’s rooms (两人两间房)Look! These are _________. Man and child’s shoes. B.Men’s and child’s shoes C.Men and children shoes D.Men’s and children’s shoes√null3.名词的格4.在表示店铺、某人的家时，名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词。 the Greens’ my aunt’s the tailor’s　 the Chemist’s the barber’s the Greens’ (格林夫妇家) my aunt’s (我姑姑家) the tailor’s　(裁缝店 ) the Chemist’s (药房) the barber’s (理发店)null5.两种名词所有格的形式可以结合起来，（既-Of短语+ 名词所有格）,成为双重所有格.如： a friend of my brother’s a)  它所修饰的词前面有一个表示数量的词　（a, two, some, few, no） b)  它所修饰的词前面有指示代词使句子表示赞赏或厌恶等。 That little daughter of my brother’s He hated that pride of Mary’s.他厌恶玛丽那种骄傲的态度。 null6.有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇的名词，也可以加－S构成所有格.如： today’s newspaper, ten minutes’ talk, Shanghai’s population , two miles’ drive, China’s capital 7.表示无生命东西的名词一般与-OF构成短语，表示所有关系。如： the legs of the table, the cover of the book nullnullSmith先生的家 一所女子中学 其他某个人的伞 学生们的图书馆 儿童医院 桌子的腿 书的封面 今天的报纸 两公里的桥 中国的首都 Mr. Smith’s house a girls’ middle school somebody else’s umbrella the students’ library the children’s hospital the legs of the table, the cover of the book today’s newspaper two miles’ bridge China’s capital3.名词的格null四把小刀 五张图片 几个西红柿 一条好新闻 两张纸 一些建议 许多落叶 一堆沙　 六瓶牛奶 两杯茶 三盆水　 十片面包　four knives five photos several/a few tomatoes a piece of good news two pieces of paper some advice/suggestions many/ plenty of leaves a pile of sand six bottles of milk two cups of tea three basins of water ten pieces of bread Translatenull1.I met three ____in the street this morning. A. Japanese B. Japans C. Japan’s D. Japaneses 2. The two ____are my good friends. A.bus driver B. bus drivers C. buses driver D. buses driversABnull3. He dropped the ___ and broke it. A.cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C.cup for coffee D. coffee cup 4. He has twenty ____on his farm. A.cow B.cattle C.sheeps D.deers 5. There are ___ in name, but they are no longer in practice. A.woman doctors B. women doctors C.lady doctor D. women’s doctorsDBBnull6. He has three ___ and they are all ___. girl friends; tickets collectors girls friends; ticket collector girl friends; ticket collectors girl friends; ticket collector 7.___ is needed in Afghanistan. A lot of clothes B. much clothing C. Many a clothCBnull8.Her view is different from ____. A.her father B.that of her father C.her father’s D.her fathers’ 9.She used to ask ___ for help when she was in trouble. A. friend of my sister B. friend of my sisters C. a friend of my sister’s D.a friend of MaryCCnull10.father went to his doctor for some ___ about his heart trouble. an advice B. the advices C. advice D.advices 11.___ is more important than ____. The health ; the wealth A health ; a wealth Health ; wealth D. Healths; wealths CCnull12. I am sorry I am late. I hope I didn’t cause you ____. too much problem B. problem C. Many more trouble D. Too much trouble 13. He forgot both of the ___. Rooms number B. room number C.room’s numbers D. room numbersDDnull14. Look! These are ____. Man and child’s shoes. Men’s and children’s shoes Men and children shoes Men’s and child’s shoes 15. Whose hat is it? It’s ___ hat. A.somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C.somebody’s else’s D.somebody elseBAnull16.They visited ___ school last Saturday. Billy and Tom B. Billy’s and Tom’s C. Billys and Toms’ D. Billy and Tom’s 17.___ is a big cheat. That friend of James’s That friend of James That James’s friend That James friendDA