发音器官操

What are you trying to say?（你到底想说什么？） Don't be silly.（别胡闹了。） How strong are your glasses?（你近视多少度？） Just because.（没有别的原因。） It isn't the way I hoped it would be.（这不是我所盼望的。） You will never guess.（你永远猜不到。） No one could do anything about it.（众人对此束手无措。） I saw something deeply disturbing.（深感事情不妙。） Money is a good servant but a bad master.（要做金钱的主人，莫做金钱的奴隶。） I am not available.（我正忙着） Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中的知识比手中的金钱更重要） Never say die.it's a piece of cake.别泄气，那只是小菜一碟。 Don't worry.you'll get use to it soon.别担心，很快你就会习惯的。 I konw how you feel.我明白你的感受。 You win some.you lose some.胜败乃兵家常事。 Don't bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 I didn't expect you to such a good job.我没想到你干得这么好。 You are coming alone well.你做得挺顺利。 She is well-build.她的身材真棒。 You look neat and fresh.你看起来很清纯。 You have a beautiful personality.你的气质很好。 You flatter me immensely.你过奖啦。 You should be slow to judge others.你不应该随意评论别人。 I hope you will excuse me if i make any mistake.如有任何错误，请你原谅 It was most careless ofme.我太粗心了。 It was quite by accident.真是始料不及。 I wish i had all the time i'd ever wasted,so i could waste it all over again.我希望所有被我浪费的时间重新回来，让我再浪费一遍。 I like you the way you were.我喜欢你以前的样子。 You two go ahead to the movie without me,i don't want to be a third wheel.你们两个自己去看电影吧，我不想当电灯泡。 Do you have anyone in mind?你有心上人吗？ How long have you known her？你认识她多久了？ It was love at frist sight.一见钟情 I'd bettle hit the books.我要功课啦。 a piece of one's mind .直言不讳 He gave me a piece of mind,"Don't shift responsibility onto others."他责备道：“不要把责任推卸到别人身上。” a cat and dog life　水火不容的生活 The husband and his wife are always quarrelling,and they are leading a cat and dog life.这对夫妇老是吵架，相互之间水火不容。 a dog's life　潦倒的生活 The man lived a dog's life.这个人生活潦倒。　 A to Z　从头至尾 I know that from A to Z. 我很了解这件事。 above somebody　深奥 Well,this sort of talk is above me.我不懂你们在讲什么。 all ears 全神贯注地倾听着 When you tell Mary some gossip,she is all ears.跟Mary讲一些小道消息，她会听地仔仔细细。 all the more　更加，益发 You'll be all the better for a holiday.度一次假，对你会更有好处。 all dressed up 打扮得整整齐齐 She is all dressed up and nowhere to go.她打扮得整整齐却无处炫耀。 all in all 总的说来；最心爱的东西 The daughter is all in all to him.女儿是他的无价宝。 all out 竭尽全力 They went all out.他们鼓足了干劲。 all over　全部结束；浑身，到处 Glad,it is all over.这事全部结束了，好得很。 I'm wet all over.我浑身都湿了。 all set　准备就绪 He is all set for an early morning start.他已做好清晨出发的一切准备。 all you have to do 需要做得是 All you have to do is to calm yourself down and wait for the good news.你需要做得是静下心来等好消息。 as easy as falling of a log /as easy as snapping your fingers /as easy as ABC 容易得很 To me,a good story teller,it would be as easy as falling of a log. 对我来说，讲个故事还不是随手拈来。 as busy as a bee 非常忙 Mum is always as busy as a bee in the moring.妈妈每天早上都忙得不可开交。 at one's fingertips　了如指掌 How to get at that little island is at his fingertips.他知道怎么去那个小岛。 at one's wit's end　智穷 Don't ask him.It is also at his wit's end.不要问他了，他也不知道。 big shot 大人物，大亨 He is a big shot in our little town. black sheep　败家子，害群之马 Every family has a black sheep.家家有本难念的经。 black and blue　遍体鳞伤 The thief was caught of red-handed and beaten black and blue.那个小偷当场被抓住并被打得青一块紫一块的。 black and white　白纸黑字 The proof is in black and white and the murderer has no any excuses.证据确凿，凶手再也无话可说。 blind alley　死胡同 You are heading into a blind alley.你正在钻牛角尖。 blow hot and cold　摇摆不定 This guy seemed to have no own idea.He always blew hot and cold.这家伙好象没什么主张，总是摇摆不定。 blow one's own trumpet　自吹自擂 Don't blow your own tumpet.Let us see what on earth you can do.不要自吹自擂了，让我们看看你到底能做什么。 born with a silver in one's mouth　出生在富贵人家 He is born with a silver in one's mouth.他是含着金钥匙出生的。 bland new 崭新的 a bland new coat　新衣服 break the ice　打破沉默 The couple hadn't spoken to each other for a week.They were both waiting for the other one to break the ice.这对夫妇已经一个星期没说过话了。两人都在等另一方先开口。 by a blow　无意中的一击 He is beaten to the ground by a blow.他被击到在地。 can't stand it any longer　不能再忍受了 I can't stand it any longer,I quit.我再也忍受不了了，我走。 carry something too far　过火了 You are carrying your joke too far.你玩笑开得太过分了。 castle in the sky　海市蜃楼 You plan is nearly a castle in the sky.你的简直就是空想。 cats got one's tongue　哑口无言 chain smoker 老烟枪 come up with 产生，想出 Let me come up with some ideas.让我想一想。 come easily　容易 Languages come easily to some people.有些人能够很容易地掌握语言。 cup of tea　喜欢 Movies are not my cup of tea.我不喜欢看电影。 cut it out 停止，住嘴 Cut it out!I can't stand you any longer. call it a day 不再做下去，停止（某种活动） Let us call it a day,stop.这一天工作够了，停工吧！　dark horse　黑马 Nobody considered that John would win the game.He was a dark horse in the final. dear John letter　绝交信 Jack received a dear John letter from his girlfriend because he had broken her heart. do somone good　对某人有好处 Having some moring exercises does you good. Do you get me?　你明白我的意思吗？ doesn't count 这次不算 It doesn't count this time,try again. doesn't make sense　不懂；没有任何意义 The sentence you made doesn't make any sense to me. down and out 穷困潦倒 Being down and out,he couldn't support his family. drive at　用意，意欲 What's he driving at?他用意何在？ drop in 偶然拜访 I dropped him in on my way to the hospital. drop me a line　写信给我 On arriving the University,please drop me a line. early bird　早起的人 An early bird catchs worms。捷足先登 easy come easy go 来得快去得也快 eat my words 收回前言，认错道歉 I said something bad to my mum.Although I want to eat my words back, it didn't work,for I had hurt my mum's feeling. face the music 直面困难 He knew he'd never get away with it so he decided to face the music and give himself up to the police.他知道自己不可能逃脱，因此决定一人做事一人当——向警察自首。 face up to 勇敢地面对某事 You must learn to face up to your responsibilities. fed up　厌倦 I am rather fed up with your complaints. feel free to do something 不要拘束 Please feel free to make suggestions. few and far between　很少，稀少 Human beings are few and far between in this zone. French leave　不辞而别 give me a headache 让人头痛 The naughty boy gave me a headache. give me a hand 帮我一下 go Dutch AA制 God bless you 上帝保佑你 God bless you with your examinations. God knows 天知道 Got it? 明白了吗？ green thumbs /fingers 园艺技能 hands are full　非常忙 have a ball　勇敢 have had it　受够了 I have had it with all your excuses.我受够了你的借口。 hold water　站得住脚 Non of his arguements seem to hold water. in every sense of word 在某种意义上说 It's a lie in every sense of word.这是不折不扣的谎言。 keep an eye on　提高警惕 kill time打发时间 lazy bones 懒骨头 Get up lazy bones! leave it to me　让我来吧 leave me alone 别管我　 like father like son　有其父必有其子 like it or not　不管你喜不喜欢 make a fool of oneself　愚弄某人 make a big money　赚大钱 make both ends need 收支平衡 We have to cut our expenses to make both ends need. make waves　引起轰动；兴风作浪 His achievement made waves in his country. make yourself at home 别拘束 no good 没有好结果 Bad mam comes to no good. no kidding 不要开玩笑 none of your bussiness　不关你的事 not really 也不是…… old hand　老手 He is an old hand at stealing. old story 老一套 I am tired of it,same old story. on one's word of honor　以某人的人格担保 on occasion 间或 of one's own accord　自愿地 packed like sardins　拥挤 During the holidays,people in the trains are packed like sardins. pass away　去世 pay the price　付出代价 You are playing with the fire and you must pay the poice one day. put up with　忍受 I cann't put up with your rudeness any more;leave my room. red-letter day 重要的或值得纪念的日子 red tape　繁文缛节 red carpet　红地毯 run into　偶遇 I ran into an old friend in the shop yesterday. run out of　用尽，缺少 Quick,quick,we are running out of time. show up 炫耀 small potatos　小人物 so what?　那怎么样呢？ stand up for 忍受 suit one's taste 对某人的胃口 sunday dress 最好的衣服 sure thing　十有把握的事 take one's time 尽情玩 Take your time and enjoy it. take the words out of one's mouth　说出某人想说得话 that's it　就是 that is really something 太好了 there is nothing I can do　我什么都不能做 there you go 这边请 there is nothing wrong with me 我没事 under the table　死底下，秘密地 under the weather　身体不适 what's going on　怎么了 what a man　多勇敢的人啊 walking dictionary 活字典 what is up 近来可好 Hi,I haven't seen you for a long time,what's up? world class　一流的 发音器官操是发音器官的运动操，它是语音训练的重要方法之一。在普通话发音之前，做一套发音器官操，可以摆脱方音固有的发音器官运动轨迹的负面影响，增强发音器官的协调性和灵活性，同时可以帮助感知普通话声、韵、调个体要素的发音要领。训练时间一长，可以使发音器官十分准确地根据普通话语流需要进行及时快速的动作转换，达到灵活、畅顺、准确、自然的普通话应用效果。　　一、 口操。 　　（一）开前口腔。 　　首先做好准备动作，颈部及下颌放松，双眼微闭，双唇放松呈自然态，舌尖轻抵下齿背，吸足一口气。然后开始正式动作，张开口提硬腭，舌面前低后高，渐使口腔前大后小，形成喇叭状。动作由六步组成一回合：（1）小开口；（2）中开口；（3）大开口；（4）大开口；（5）中开口；（6）小开口。 注意，开口与开口之间要有一个小的顿息，形成节奏感，以感知不同的前开口度的差异。 打开口腔前部的练习，可以帮助体会i、ê及前a等音素的发音舌位，增强颧肌张力，克服发音时开口偏小、偏扁的毛病，提高发音亮度。 　　（二）开后口腔。 　　首先做好准备动作，准备动作同“开前口腔”操。然后开始正式动作，张开口提软腭，舌面前高后低，渐使口腔前小后大，形成倒喇叭状。动作由六步组成一回合：（1）小开口；（2）中开口；（3）大开口；（4）大开口；（5）中开口；（6）小开口。 　　注意，开口与开口之间要有一个小的顿息，形成节奏感，以感知不同的后开口度的差异。打开口腔前部与打开口腔后部的差异是：前者舌尖抵下齿背，舌端稍紧张；后者舌尖离开下齿背，舌面后部稍紧张。前者提升硬腭，舌面前低后高，口腔形成喇叭状；后者提升软腭，舌面后部凹下，口腔形成倒喇叭状。 　　打开口腔后部的练习，可以帮助体会u、o及后a等音素的发音舌位，增强对软腭的控制能力，帮助方言区人克服软腭普遍松塌、发音偏前的毛病。 　　二、 唇操。 　　（一）闭唇鼓气。 　　首先做好准备动作，颈部及下颌放松，双眼微闭，舌身松弛自然放于口中。然后开始正式动作，闭上双唇，用鼻吸一口气，憋一会儿，最后让气流冲破紧闭的双唇流出。动作由四步组成一回合：（1）紧闭双唇；（2）用鼻吸气；（3）用力鼓气；（4）爆破出气。 　　注意，鼓气可以向前鼓，也可以向左右两边鼓，还可以左绕圆360度或右绕圆360度鼓。同一方向连续鼓气三次后，再转到另一方向。 　　紧闭双唇的练习，可以帮助体会b、p、m等音素的发音部位和发音方法，同时能增强唇部肌肉弹性，提高发音清晰度。 　　（二）展撮双唇。 　　首先做好准备动作，准备动作同“闭唇鼓气”操。然后开始正式动作，轻轻闭上双唇，用鼻吸一口气，接着双唇同时向左、向右、向后撕拉，至最大后收回向正前方撮出圆唇。动作由四步组成一回合：（1）轻闭双唇；（2）用鼻吸气；（3）左右展唇；（4）前撮圆唇。 　　注意，向左右展唇至最大时，唇要绷紧绷薄，双唇可往口里边嘬三次，然后收唇用力向前撮出。撮唇时，力量要向唇中部集中。唇撮圆后，双唇可向前撅三次，然后向左纽三次，向右纽三次，最后还可以左绕圆360度和右绕圆360度各纽三次。 　　展撮双唇的练习，可以帮助体会i、e、ê等音素与ü、o、u等音素不同的发音唇形，增强唇肌调控能力，帮助方言区人克服发圆唇音时双唇普遍不够圆的毛病，切实提高发音度。 　　三、 舌操。 　　（一）纵向翻翘。 　　首先做好准备动作，颈部及下颌放松，双眼微闭，呼吸呈常态，双唇自然松开。然后开始正式动作，舌头平伸，向上翘起后向后翻拗。动作由四步组成一回合：（1）松唇；（2）伸舌；（3）上翘；（4）翻拗。 　　注意，做上翘和后拗动作时舌肌要放松，上翘和后拗两个动作可一气呵成，即舌头呈圆弧形连翘带翻，中间无明显停顿和连接痕迹。另外，可以从正中、偏左、偏右三个角度分别进行翻翘，一个方向连续翻翘三次后改换成另一方向。 　　舌的纵向翻翘练习，可以帮助体会zh、ch、sh等音素的发音方法，增加舌系带弹性，发准翘舌音。 　　（二）横向滚卷。 　　首先做好准备动作，准备动作同“纵向翻翘”操。然后开始正式动作，舌身平伸，向左侧翻滚成竖立状，夹在上下齿之间，接着将竖立的舌身放倒复原，然后再向右侧翻滚成竖立状，夹在上下齿之间。左翻滚右翻滚加起来为一回合，动作分为五步：（1）平伸舌身；（2）向左滚立；（3）向右倒平；（4）向右滚立；（5）向左倒平。 　　注意，相对来说，做左翻滚右翻滚动作比较难，开始可能不协调，动作可做慢一些，舌身左滚立起后用齿轻嗑三下，舌身右滚立起后再用齿轻嗑三下，以感知翻滚效果。待动作熟练后，可不必齿咬，将左翻滚右翻滚两个动作连着做，一气呵成。 　　舌的横向滚卷练习，可以综合增强舌尖、舌面的灵活性，对声母韵母发音及语流畅顺能起到间接帮助作用。 　　（三）舌尖碰触。 　　首先做好准备动作，颈部及下颌放松，双眼微闭，呼吸呈常态，双唇自然松开，舌身放松。然后开始正式动作，口稍开舌平伸，用舌尖碰触下齿背，接着将舌尖移向上齿背碰触，最后将舌尖移向上齿龈碰触。动作由四步组成一回合：（1）松唇开口；（2）舌触下齿；（3）舌触上齿；（4）舌触齿龈。 　　注意，舌尖与齿背或齿龈碰触时，应该有一个由轻至重的感知过程，因而每一步需碰触三次：轻触、较重触、重触。 　　舌尖碰触练习，可以帮助感知z、c、s、d、t、n、l等音素的发音部位及擦音、塞擦音、塞音三种发音方法的区别，还能增强舌尖弹性，帮助方言区人克服“齿间音”缺陷。 　　（四）舌面擦贴。 　　首先做好准备动作，准备动作同“舌尖碰触”操。然后开始正式动作，舌头向前平伸，舌肌稍稍绷紧，接着用前舌面擦贴硬腭，收回后用后舌面擦贴软腭。动作由四步组成一回合：（1）伸出舌面；（2）前贴硬腭；（3）收回舌面；（4）后贴软腭。 　　注意，第二步“前贴硬腭”是用舌面前部擦贴硬腭，每一次擦贴由三次轻重不同的小擦贴组合而成。另舌面前部可分为三个区域，每一区域都可以与硬腭擦贴三次，这样一来，“前贴硬腭”实际需要擦贴九次。 　　第四步“后贴软腭”是用舌面后部擦贴软腭，每一次擦贴由三次轻重不同的小擦贴组合而成。另舌面后部也可分为三个区域，每一个区域都可以与软腭擦贴三次，这样一来，“后贴软腭”实际也需要擦贴九次。 　　舌面擦贴练习，可以帮助感知j、q、x、g、k、h、ng等音素的发音部位及擦音、塞擦音、塞音三种发音方法的区别，还能增强舌面弹性和灵活性，帮助方言区人克服“女国音”缺陷。 　　实际练习中，发音器官操可以一次性依次从头做到尾，也可以重新编排次序，还可以根据自己实际情况选做其中一小节或一小节中某一个动作。动作本着“矫枉过正”原则，尽量做夸张些。开始练习时动作要慢，然后由慢到快。如有可能，发音器官操配以合适的绕口令或歌曲练习，训练效果会更好。