2012海天模考点睛班模考试题-宫东风

htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m 绝密★启用前 2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一模拟考试 英 语 （科目代码：201） 考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。 2. 答前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考 生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。 3. 必须按要求涂写或填写在指定的答题卡上。 (1) 英语知识运用和阅读理解 A 节、B 节的答案用 2B 铅笔 涂写在答题卡 1上。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。 (2) 阅读理解 C节（英译汉）的答案和作文必须用蓝（黑） 色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔写在答题卡 2 上。字迹 要清楚。 4.考试结束，将答题卡 1、答题卡 2 及试题一并装入试题袋中 交回。 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m SectionⅠ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1 agreed upon among linguists, this 2 covers four important aspects: system, arbitrary, symbol and vocal. It is a system, 3 linguistic elements are arranged systematically, 4 chaotically. Its being a system ensures a common 5 on which the users can 6 it and understand it. Arbitrary, in the 7 that there is usually without 8 connection between a word (dog, for instance) and the thing referred to by the word “dog”. A 9 from Shakespeare would make a good example: “a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” That is why there are 10 languages in the world, with so many different sounds and writings, all of which 11 more or less the same meanings. It is symbolic, because words (writings/pictogram) are associated 12 objects, concepts, actions, by nothing more than 13 . In other words, language users 14 the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize 15 they wish to convey. It is vocal, because sound or speech is the primary 16 for all human languages. 17 systems developed much later than the spoken forms. This recognition can be proved by the fact 18 every normal human can 19 in a certain language but not 20 is able to write. 1. [A] Presumably [B] Broadly [C] Incidentally [D] Cheerfully 2. [A] interference [B] access [C] impact [D] definition 3. [A] since [B] if [C] unless [D] while 4. [A] other than [B] now that [C] rather than [D] except that 5. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] ground [D] reform 6. [A] grasp [B] urge [C] oblige [D] assess 7. [A] cost [B] sense [C] sight [D] risk 英语共 14 页 第 1 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m 8. [A] paradoxical [B] continuous [C] incompatible [D] intrinsic 9. [A] maintenance [B] quotation [C] existence [D] survival 10. [A] complex [B] racial [C] numerous [D] prominent 11. [A] bind [B] carry [C] restrain [D] sustain 12. [A] to [B] from [C] by [D] with 13. [A] convention [B] conviction [C]conservation [D] consensus 14. [A] substitute [B] wreck [C] employ [D] propel 15. [A] when [B] that [C] which [D] what 16. [A] version [B] weapon [C] contest [D] medium 17. [A] Recording [B] Decoding [C] Writing [D] Quoting 18. [A] that [B] whereas [C] which [D] once 19. [A] speak [B] talk [C] say [D] put 20. [A] necessarily [B] generally [C] hardly [D] confusedly Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 For every Chad Hurley or Mark Zuckerberg there are many Sathvik Krishnamurthys. The first two are the young entrepreneurs behind YouTube and Facebook, respectively, who are striking it rich in Silicon Valley’s current Web boom. Mr. Hurley last year sold video site YouTube to Google for more than $1.7 billion just 19 months after the company’s founding, netting him a personal fortune valued at more than $340 million. Mr. Zuckerberg has built social-networking site Facebook into a start-up valued at $15 billion in less than four years. 英语共 14 页 第 2 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m Then there is Mr. Krishnamurthy. Plenty of wannabe Silicon Valley entrepreneurs expect to land on a spectacular path to success, but most end up with stories akin to his. Mr. Krishnamurthy is the 39-year-old chief executive of Voltage Security, a start-up that makes security software. He will tell you that the real name of the entrepreneurial game is plain slogging it out. Since March 2003, Mr. Krishnamurthy has burned the midnight oil at Voltage. He has had to cultivate a brand-new executive team, build a product line from scratch and travel the world to solicit wary customers. Along the way, he has weathered travails such as a hostile climate to tech start-ups and a six-month delay in the shipping of a key product. At times, things got so tough that the CEO needed pep talks himself, says Ken Gullicksen, a Voltage board member and a venture capitalist at Morgenthaler Ventures. “We as a board have had to give Sath private encouragement,” says Mr. Gullicksen. “Even a guy like him feels the pain.” Every industry has its superstars and its sloggers, of course. But the tech industry of the late 1990s and earlier this decade has seen an unusual number of speedy two-year cycles that end with a lucrative sale or initial public offering. And when that doesn’t happen, the process can get so grueling and so protracted that some venture capitalists say they’ve had to get creative to convince burned-out entrepreneurs to not bail. 21. The statistics in the first paragraph is enumerated to_____. [A] demonstrate the capabilities of the ambitious entrepreneurs [B] display the rapid growth of websites [C] illustrate the fierce competition between Google and Facebook [D] reveal the triumph attained by some CEOs. 22. The second paragraph is intended to convey_____. [A] other tech CEOs struggle [B] the mishaps of Mr. Krishnamurthy [C] the coming contest of Silicon Valley [D] the deficiency of security software 英语共 14 页 第 3 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m 23. The phrase “slogging…out” in Line 5, paragraph 2 most probably denotes_____. [A] record with details [B] work with difficulty [C] obscure with pretext [D] set free commercial talents 24. The remarks by Mr. Gullicksen indicate_____. [A] his apprehension of the tech start-ups [B] the potential of pep talks [C] the worst predicament a CEO may encounter [D] the side-effects of private encouragement 25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the typical status in the market place is____. [A] emergence of superstars and sloggers [B] the limited number of short-term juicy transactions or dealings [C] with draw of most burnt-out entrepreneurs [D] the grueling and protracted asset evaluation by the federal government Text 2 Even today in the modern, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been seen as a greater blessing has been that they are expected to become better economic providers for their parents’ old age. Yet it is time for parents to think again. Girls may now be a better investment. Girls get better grades at school than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to university. Women will thus be better equipped for the new jobs of the 21st century, in which brains count a lot more than brawn. In Britain far more women than men are now training to become doctors. And women are more likely to provide sound advice on investing their parents’ nest egg: surveys show that women consistently achieve higher financial returns than men do. Furthermore, the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main driving force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have contributed more to 英语共 14 页 第 4 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m global GDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants. Add the value of housework and child-rearing, and women probably account for just over half of world output. It is true that women still get paid less and few make it to the top of companies, but, as prejudice fades over coming years, women will have great scope to boost their productivity—and incomes. Governments, too, should embrace the potential of women. Women complain (rightly) of centuries of exploitation. Yet, to an economist, women are not exploited enough: they are the world’s most under-utilised resource; getting more of them into work is part of the solution to many economic woes, including shrinking populations and poverty. Some people fret that if more women work rather than mind their children, this will boost GDP but create negative social externalities, such as a lower birth rate. Yet developed countries where more women work, such as Sweden and America, actually have higher birth rates than Japan and Italy, where women stay at home. Others fear that women’s move into the paid labour force can come at the expense of children. Yet the evidence for this is mixed. For instance, a study by Suzanne Bianchi at Maryland University finds that mothers spent the same time, on average, on childcare in 2003 as in 1965. The increase in work outside the home was offset by less housework—and less spare time and less sleep. 26. What is the paragraph preceding the text mainly about? [A] The history of the developed countries. [B] The importance of sex. [C] The preference of grandparents. [D] The development of juveniles. 27. The word “brawn” in Line 3, paragraph 2 most probably means____. [A] race [B] diploma [C] color [D] muscle 英语共 14 页 第 5 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m 28. The author’s attitude toward women’s prospect can he described as_____. [A] pessimistic [B] cautious [C] skeptical [D] desperate 29. It can be inferred from the text that countries the world over still fail to recognize the driving force of women in_____. [A] exploiting the natural resources [B] contributing inadequate solutions [C] building up a well-off living condition [D] ranking many economic woes 30. The reduction of rest period by women is mentioned to_____. [A] shed light on negative social externalities [B] refute some people’s worry [C] cast doubt on the mixed evidence [D] confirm the higher birth rates Text 3 Well, for a fortnight it was a splendid party. Now for the Olympic bills—and that hangover will last for years. The Greek Olympic committee reckons it can break even: half of its $2.3 billion budget for running the games will come, via the International Olympic Committee, from broadcasters, most of the rest from commercial sponsors, ticket sales and merchandising. But what about the taxpayer? Overall, Greek and (modestly) other European Union taxpayers have spent $300m helping to run the games, nearly $1.5 billion keeping them secure, and some $7 billion preparing facilities for them. In all, that means near 5% of 2003 Greek GDP, roughly $800 for every single inhabitant, pensioner or babe, taxpayer or not. Top-level sport is a business, albeit not, in the Olympic version, one aiming for profit—nor answerable to outside shareholders. Should it be subsidized to this extent? Most Greeks think so. They were told the games would be costly. Few can have doubted the costs would go wildly over budget; in the event, by about 50%. That figure of $800 per 英语共 14 页 第 6 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m head was not put flatly to them, but if the opinion polls are any guide, four Greeks in five welcomed the games—and probably still do: their country rebutted the sneers that nothing would be ready, it ran the show well, it has had a terrific time and weeks of exposure to the world’s cameras, and it is left with some durable improvements to its infrastructure. Anyway, these Greeks can say, an elected government, backed by public opinion, is entitled to do what it likes: others send men into space, we run the Olympics—as we should have been allowed to do in 1996, centenary of their first modern celebration. That is true. But democratic governments can do damn-fool things; sending men into space, for example. Was the Greeks’ spending wise? Prestige, publicity and proud memories are not to be ignored. But what else is left? A magnificent stadium and its accompanying public park in Athens, plus various other venues in the city or nearby; four big provincial stadiums; some cheap housing in the capital; better roads there, a bigger and better metro system, a new suburban rail line and a new tramway to the southern beaches. As one Athenian version puts it, 20 years’ infrastructure improvements in five. Actually, that is not what they got. Less than $1.5 billion of the money spent has gone into the EU-subsidised transport improvements, sensible as they may be. Two weeks of security apart, most of the rest has gone into the new sports facilities. Some of these will be useful in the future, some less so. It is a fair bet that all will lose money, unless Greece can somehow achieve that rich and sports-mad Australia, with its inheritance from the Sydney games of 2000, has not. That seems unlikely. Granted, sports facilities can be a public good, and one that most voters approve of. But are world-class sports facilities really the public good on which the hugely indebted government of a small and not very rich country such as Greece should rush to spend over $5.5 billion? What about schools and hospitals, or the roads and other bits of infrastructure that might generate business investment, and so produce genuine economic growth, rather than mere prestige? In this context, the Greek government’s claim that “oh, we’ll cut spending in other ways” is hardly persuasive or even to the point. If public spending ought to be or can readily be cut, 英语共 14 页 第 7 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m cut it anyway. If you need better public infrastructure, invest in what you need, not in what suits the International Olympic Committee. 31. The majority of Greeks, according to the text, are supportive_____. [A] preparing a splendid of horticultural party [B] abiding by the Olympic chapter [C] manufacturing commercial facilities for world expo [D] overfunding the 2003 Olympic Games 32. It is implied in the second paragraph that Greeks still doubt_____. [A] the comment made IOC members [B] centenary of their first national anniversary [C] the hosting right of 1996 Olympic Games [D] the 2003 failure of the International Olympic Committee 33. “Sending men into space” is quoted to_____. [A] exemplify absurd conducts [B] prove the strength of an average nation [C] report the rapid development of aeronautical science [D] survey the current exploitation of the extraterritorial conditions 34. The author’s attitude toward the official assertion is_____. [A] approval [B] ambivalence [C] denial [D] confusion 35. Which of the following could be the best title of text? [A] Great sport, great feat. [B] Greek Sport Events. [C] Pity about the misspent billions. [D] Money can make the mare go. 英语共 14 页 第 8 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m Text 4 Foreigners are a hot topic in Britain. Opinion polls consistently rate asylum and immigration as one of voters’ main concerns, and right-wing parties of varying degrees of extremism have been profiting by playing up the threat to the British way of life posed by a flood of unwashed foreigners. So a report published this week by the UNHCR will make welcome reading for the government. It shows asylum applications to industrialized countries falling sharply, continuing the downward trend of the past three years. But one statistic will be of special significance: while Britain was the most popular rich-country destination in 2003, it has now fallen into second place behind France. So what’s behind the drop in applications? One reason is simply that there are fewer asylum-seekers. The UNHCR reckons that, in the first half of 2004, the number of people seeking sanctuary in rich countries fell by 22% compared with the same period last year. Part of the drop is due to the removal of unpopular governments; Iraqis and Afghans, in particular, have stopped leaving home in such large numbers. Iraqis were the biggest single group of refugees at the start of 2003, marking 11,094 applications. By the second quarter of this year that had fallen to only 2,070. Afghans have seen a similar, though slightly less precipitous, decline. But a fall in the general level of asylum-seeking worldwide doesn’t explain why Britain has lost its particular attractiveness as a sanctuary. While asylum applications in Europe have fallen by 20% in the past six months, applications to Britain are down by a 37%. Aware of public anxiety, the government has been making life increasingly difficult for anyone trying to reach Britain. British immigration officers now conduct patrols in France, aiming to catch stowaways on trains or ferries. High-tech scanning machines have been installed in European ports to detect people hiding in cargo shipments. “We think it’s the huge number of barriers that have gone up that prevent people from claiming asylum,” says Hannah Ward of the Refugee Council. “To claim asylum, you actually have to get to the UK.” The asylum system still needs reform. Even when applications are turned down, most people are never removed from the country. The approvals process itself needs work, too: one in five of all appeals is currently upheld, and the number rises to more than 40% for Somalis, Sudanese and Eritreans, suggesting that officials are doing a bad job of processing 英语共 14 页 第 9 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m the initial applications. But if fewer foreigners are coming, voters won’t mind so much that the system is a mess. 36. Downing Street No.10 will benefit from_____. [A] a recently released account [B] a consistent opinion poll [C] the right-wing parties [D] a flood of unwashed foreigners 37. Hannah Ward’s remarks are quoted to _____. [A] clarify the welcome reading by UNHCR [B] emphasize the awareness of public anxiety [C] indicate the cause of application dive [D] categorize the stowaways and cargo shipments 38. The term “work” in Line 2, paragraph 6 denotes_____. [A] function [B] improvement [C] publicity [D] visibility 39. It can be inferred from the text that voters simply care_____. [A] a hot topic [B] varying degrees of extremism [C] the number of immigrants [D] a flood of high-tech scanning machines 40. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? [A] Asylum applications. [B] A worldwide decline. [C] A messy system. [D] From flood to trickle. 英语共 14 页 第 10 页 圆圆工作室 http://bz10.5d6d.com 内部版本：仅供学习，禁止传播！ htt p:/ /sh op 35 25 09 18 .tao bao .co m Part B Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) [A] Ten volunteers responded to the placebo much better than the rest. By the end of the experiment, their anxiety scores had halved, whereas the other