英语语法教学课件：非谓语动词

nullnull非谓语动词null一、非谓语动词的考点 1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别； 2、非谓语动词作定语； 3、非谓语动词作主语和表语； 4、非谓语动词作宾语； 5、非谓语动词作宾补； 6、非谓语动词作状语； 7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。null二、非谓语动词的句法功能 null三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考点击： 1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing.., disappeared B. seized.., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。ADnull四、非谓语动词作主语和表语 高考题点击： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____. (01 上海) A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DDnull非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些结构： A) 在 It’s no use (good; value; importance) 等结构中只用动名 词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it. B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, 　comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, 　the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, 　thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly,　 selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to donull3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make B动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特 别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。 另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。null五、非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击： 1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰 主语 flowers。BC“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。null3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 4. There are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss which to buy. (99 上海) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing BBhang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时 表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动 词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题 是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围.null非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： 在 time, chance, right 等名词后； 在序数词后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement …等词后。 D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作null六、非谓语动词作宾补 高考题点击： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (95 N) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to A为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, I’d like to. 有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还 有：advise　allow　cause　consider　 encourage forbid　　 force intend　order　 permit　　persuade　 remind　　 request　 require　urge warn ask wish want 等 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。null2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard. (95 N) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people ___. (99 上海) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 使役动词 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后， 则应为：be made / let to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定 式的用法。此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 …people have a computer do …这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：have sb. / sth. do… ; have sb. / sth. done …; have sb. / sth. doing …; have sb. / sth. to doBAnull4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____ the next year. (00 N) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 5. The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. (94 N) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play that 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾 语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注 意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动 作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解 为正在进行的动作。CAnull七、非谓语动词作宾语 高考题点击： 1. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. (95 N) A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ to my new job. (00 N) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects CB注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等； 注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。null3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海) A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time B仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit 　appreciate 　avoid delay enjoy 　escape 　excuse　 prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand 　 forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。 在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。null4. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. --- Let me tell you something about the journalists. --- Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday? (99 上海) A. told B. telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. (02 上海春季) A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting DBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stopnull7. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 8. --- I must apologize for _____ ahead of time. --- That’s all right. (94 N) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to his teacher that he was wrong. (01 上海春季) A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit CBA介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词 but (except) / than / be about 后要接不定式作宾语。null10. Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. (94 N) A. ride … ride B. riding … ride C. ride … to ride D. to ride … riding 注意 prefer 的几个常用句型： prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n.Cnull11. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 12. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? --- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving … making B. to solving … made C. to solve … making D. to solve … made BB要特别注意 to 的词性，其为介词还是不定式。 admit to，be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to ，stick to ， turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等 null八、非谓语动词作状语 高考题点击： 1. --- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? --- _____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海) A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2. _____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (01 北京春季) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 3. In order to make our city green, _____. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCADnull4. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (00 北京春季) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _____ to get further information. (00 上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入…”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。 given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get …。CABnull7. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (02 N) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 8. Finding her car stolen, _____. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help once 在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语 的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过 去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DDnull九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 高考题点击： I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (97 N) A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 2. Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (99 N) A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying DA would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。 本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。null3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything. (01 上海) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it. (02 N) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。 remain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。DBnull5. _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (02 上海) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 6. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01 N) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 7. Tony was very unhappy for _____ to the party. (00 上海) A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。CADnull8. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (02 上海春季) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled with + n. / pron. + O.C. 构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。 另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。Cnull