高中英语语法_主谓一致整理稿及专项练习

（一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语 1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如： The doctor’s is across the street. My uncle’s is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如： The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。) The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。） 当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。 11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如： All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone. 12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 2．由连接词连接的名词作主语 1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. To love and to be loved is great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. 2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table. 4）half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。 5．名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如： The blind study in special schools. The departed was a well-known engineer. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．从句作主语 1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2）在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如： This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. 但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如： She was the only one of the girls who was late. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如： 1． 误：Anyone who break the law will be punished． 2． 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished． 译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。 析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。 2．误：Those who has finished may go home． 正：Those who have finished may go home． 译：做完了的人现在可以回家。 析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。 3．误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school． 正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school． 译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。 　　析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。 4．误：This is one of the rooms that is free now． 　　正：This is one of the rooms that are free now． 　　译：这是目前空着的房间之一。 　　析：应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。 主谓一致要注意的一些问题 1、一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。 2、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。 例如: The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor． Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. 3、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The teacher as well as the students was excited． The room with its furniture was rented． 4、A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 5、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names here． 6、某些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for him. 7、一些典型例句Five minutes is enough to do this exercise． Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future． More than one student has seen the film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More members than one are against your plan. 主谓一致整理稿及专项练习[2] Agreement (主谓一致)专项练习 一、选择填空 1. The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 2. The number of students in this school ______ by 5% every year. A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises 3. A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 4. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are played D. play 5. Nobody but Jane _______ the secret. A. Know B. knows C. have known D. is known 6. All but one ______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. Either you or the headmaster ____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. have 9. She is one of the few girls who _____ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying D. are paid well 10. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 11. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 12. There _____ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 13. ----Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university. ----So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 14. A group of _______ are eating ____ and ____ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs 15. All the ____ are made of _______, not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glass; glasses D. glasses; glasses 16. It was he and I who _____ at your house yesterday. A. was B. am C. were D. is 17. All means that _____ possible _____ been used to save him A. is; have B. were; have C. was; has D. are; has 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Her advice _______ useful to me. (be) 2. Laying eggs _______ the queen ant’s full-time job. (be) 3. Everyone _______ Tom and Mary will get married next month. (know) 4. Nothing ______ been done to stop the lake from being polluted. (have) 5. Either of the rooms ____ big enough. ( be ) 6. More than one person _____ killed in the accident. ( be ) 7. More questions than one _______ been asked. ( have) 8. A poor woman together with her four children ____ found begging in the street. ( be ) 9. The professor, including all of his students ______ gone abroad. ( have) 10. Two hours _____ enough for us to finish the work. ( be ) 11. One hundred dollars a month _____ not a high pay. ( be ) 12. Arabian Nights _____ a book popular with the young children. ( be ) 13. Politics _______ not easy for the students to learn well. ( be ) 14. The youth ______ fond of rock ’n roll music. ( be ) 15. Fifty tons of coal _______ wasted in the factory last year. ( be ) 16. A large quantity of new machines ____ been bought by the factory this year. ( have ) 17. Collecting stamps and playing the guitar _____ my hobbies. (be) 18. Each boy and each girl ______ to finish the work on time. ( be ) 19. What they needed _____ some water. ( be ) 20. Nearly 60 percent of the students in our class ____ boys. ( be ) 21. More than two thirds of the surface of the earth ___ covered by water. ( be ) 22. Neither my parents nor my sister _______ known the secret. ( have ) 23. There ___ some water and stones in the bottle. ( be ) 三．：对比选择填空 1．a. He is the only one of the students that _______ got full mark. b. He is one of the students that ______ got full make. A. is B. are C. has D. have 2. a. Three fourths of the teachers present _____ against the plan. b. Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. a. The famous singer and dancer ____ our party this evening. b. The famous singer and the famous dancer _____ our party this evening. A. are going to attend B. was to attend C. were to attend D. is going to attend 4. a. A number of students ____ from the country. b. The number of students _____ 900. A. is B. are C. has D. have 5. a. Where and when to have the party _____ not been decided yet. b. What I say and think _____ nothing to do with you. A. is B. has C. are D. have 6. a. Many a boy _____ this kind of bicycle. b. Many boys ____ this kind of bicycle. A. like B. likes 7. a. All but one _____ here now. b. There is nothing unusual. All ____ going well. A. has B. is C. have D. are 8. a. What she wants ____ more time. b. What she wants ____ more sheep. A. has B. have C. is D. are 9. a. I can work out two of the five problems, but the rest ______ too difficult for me. b. I have finished one third of the work and the rest _____ left for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have 10. a. The population of the small country _____ 600,000. b. Two thirds of the population in this small country ____ farmers. A. has B. have C. is D. are 11. a. The basketball team _____ baths now. b. The basketball team _____ 5 members. A. has B. is having C. are having D. have 12. a. My family ______ very small. b. The family _____ sitting round the table now. A. is B. were C. was D. are 13. a. Either you or I ______ going to the teacher’s office after class. b. ______ either you or I going to the teacher’s office after class? A. is B. are C. am D. has 14. a. They each ______ a new English-Chinese dictionary. b. Each of them ______ a new English-Chinese dictionary. A. has B, have C. is D. are 15. a. A scientist and some of his assistants _____ to help to do the work. b. A scientist , as well as some of his assistants, ____ to help to do the work. A. sent B. send C. were sent D. was sent 15. a. There __ a magazine, a few letters and some newspapers on the table. b. There ___ a few letters, a magazine and some newspaper on the table. A. is B. are C. have D. has 16. a. Either of the street ______ lined by trees and flowers. b. Both of the street _______ lined by trees and flowers. A. is B. are C. have D. has 17. a. All that he needs ________ more time and money. b. All that he needs ________ more natural resources. A. is B. are C. have D. has 18. a. The rest of the students in the school ____ going to stay at school. b. The rest of his income _______ to give to his mother. A. is B. are C. was D. were 19. a. The sheep that he has raised _____ white ones. b. The sheep he is going to give to his son _______ a young one. A. is B. are C. have D. has 1. Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000上海春) (C) A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 2. As a result of destroying the forest, a large ___ of desert ___ covered the land. (2001上海) (B) A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have 3. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002上海春) (D) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 4. --- How are the team playing? --- They’re playing well, but one of them hurt. （02北京春季）（A） A. got B. gets C. are D. were 5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________ yet． (2003上海春) (D) A．are not decided B．have not been decided C．is not being decided D．has not been decided 6. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. （04北京）(A) A was B were C had been D would be 7. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ____ 50 million. （04福建） (A) A．have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached 8. All the employees except the manager______to work online at home. （04广东）(D) A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 9. No one in the department but Tom and I _______ that the director is going to resign. （04上海春季）（A） A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 10. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. （05山东卷）(B) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 11. Professor Smith, along with his assistants,______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. （05上海卷）(C)A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 12. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry. （05辽宁卷）(C) A．is working B．works C．work D．worked