服务器安装

静态安装：顺序： ①首先安装MySQL ②其次安装PHP ③最后安装apache  动态安装：顺序： ①首先安装MySQL ②其次安装apache ③最后安装PHP 1、 Mysql安装 下载源码 tar zxvf mysql-*.tar.gz cd mysql* groupadd mysql. Useradd –g mysql mysql CFLAGS="-O3" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fomit-frame-pointer" ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/var --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-low-memory --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312 --enable-thread-safe-client 注：不推荐使用 –with-charset --enable-thread-safe-client实现与php5整合 make make install cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld chmod 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld cd /usr/local/mysql bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql chown -R root . chown -R mysql var chgrp -R mysql . bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 或者 service mysqld start bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password' bin/mysql -u root -p Enter password: bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)' Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' exists! 第二次在机器上安装mysql，有残余数据影响了服务的启动 find / -name mysql-bin.index 删除mysql-bin.index 关闭selinux vi /etc/selinux/config 把SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled ps -ef | grep mysql 关闭mysql进程 初始化bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & bin/mysql -u root -p 2、 apache安装 tar zxvf httpd-*.tar.gz cd httpd* ./configure --enable-module=so --with-mpm=worker --enable-nonportable-atomics=yes 注： 关闭防火墙 --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 可省略 make make install cd /usr/local/apach2 bin/apachectl start 3、 PHP安装 下载源码 tar zxvf php-5*.tar.gz cd php-5* 在PHP5.2的编译的过程中，如果遇到 checking for MySQL support... yes checking for specified location of the MySQL UNIX socket... no checking for MySQL UNIX socket location... no configure: error: Cannot find libmysqlclient_r under /usr/local/mysql. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore! 你可能在编译APACHE的时候，使用--with-mpm模块，请在编译MYSQL的时候加上 --enable-thread-safe-client. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql make make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini 整合apache与php5 vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 安装JDK 1) 删除原有的JDK： # alternatives --remove jar /usr/bin/fastjar # alternatives --remove jar.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/fastjar.1.gz 2) 删除原有的链接： # cd /usr/bin # rm -rf java # rm –rf javac 3) 删除原有java目录 # rm -rf /usr/java/ cp jdk-6u27-linux-i586.bin /usr/local/jdk-6u27-linux-i586.bin cd /usr/local chmod a+x jdk-6u26-linux-i586.bin ./jdk-6u26-linux-i586.bin 3.配置JDK1.6 在/usr/bin 目录下建立jdk的软连接 这个我从网上找的资料，具体什么原因我暂时也没弄清楚，但好使，因为我试过了 # ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_17/bin/java /usr/bin/java # ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_17/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac 为了方便后面的工作，在/usr/lcoal下也建立两个软链接 # ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_17 /usr/local/jdk # ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_17/jre/ /usr/local/jre 3.修改配置文件 vim 修改profile文件 vim /etc/profile 在最后加上 JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:JRE_HOME/bin CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH 也可以写下面的（前提是在/usr/bin目录下有JDK的软连接） JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jre PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:JRE_HOME/bin CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib: export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH 使配置文件生效 source /etc/profile 这下应该JDK就装好了，输入java -version 如果能显示当前jdk的版本，说明OK了 安装tomcat7.0 下载源码 tar zxvf apache-tomcat- 7.0.23.tar.gz mv apache-tomcat-7.0.35-src /usr/local/tomcat 注有时候起动不起是JDK的版本跟tomcat的版本不全src版不兼容1.5版 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/logs /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 查看是否启动netstat –tnl 修改默认目录为/var/www/ vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 安装mysql-connector-java 联接JAVA与MYSQL 拷贝mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar到环境变量 CLASSPATH路径中 mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/shared mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/shared/lib vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina.properties shared.loader=${catalina.home}/shared/lib/*.jar mv mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar /usr/local/tomcat/shared/lib 安装MYSQL管理界面 下载jspmyadmin http:// sourceforge.net/projects/jspmyadmin/ 将解压后的jspmyadmin移动到/var/www下即tomcat的webapps目录 vi jspmyadmin/config.inc.jsp port=3306 测试不成功，查看错误显示lib.inc.jsp的43行 vi jspmyadmin/lib.inc.jsp Enumeration enum_new = myproperties.propertyNames(); while (enum_new.hasMoreElements()) { String key= (String)enum_new.nextElement(); 将原来的enum改为enum_new 注意数据库用户密码必须为空 整合tomcat与apache tar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-connectors-1.2.10-src.tar.gz cd jakarta-tomcat-connectors-1.2.10-src/jk/native ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs make cp ./apache-2.0/mod_jk.so /usr/local/apache2/modules/ cd /usr/local/apache2/conf/ vi mod_jk.conf #指出mod_jk模块工作所需要的工作文件workers.properties的位置 JkWorkersFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/workers.properties # Where to put jk logs JkLogFile /usr/local/apache2/logs/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]" # JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE, JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories # JkRequestLogFormat set the request format JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" # 将所有servlet 和jsp请求通过ajp13的

协议

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送给Tomcat，让Tomcat来处理 JkMount /servlet/* worker1 JkMount /*.jsp worker1 vi workers.properties #Defining a worker named worker1 and of type ajp13 worker.list=worker1 # Set properties for worker1 worker.worker1.type=ajp13 worker.worker1.host=localhost worker.worker1.port=8009 worker.worker1.lbfactor=50 worker.worker1.cachesize=10 worker.worker1.cache_timeout=600 worker.worker1.socket_keepalive=1 worker.worker1.socket_timeout=300 vi httpd.conf Listen 80 8080 DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.jsp DocumentRoot "/var/www" Directory "/var/www"> LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so Include /usr/local/apache2/conf/mod_jk.conf 安装DNS vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.0.2 nameserver 218.6.200.139 nameserver 61.128.128.68 nameserver 61.128.192.4 nameserver 10.150.0.1 nameserver 61.139.2.69 nameserver 202.96.199.133 nameserver 202.96.199.132 nameserver 202.98.160.68 nameserver 202.98.96.68 nameserver 202.98.96.69 nameserver 168.95.192.1 nameserver 202.175.3.8 nameserver 210.192.103.50 nameserver 211.99.199.194 nameserver 166.111.168.12 nameserver 162.105.129.27 nameserver 202.115.64.33 nameserver 198.41.0.4 nameserver 128.9.0.107 nameserver 192.33.4.12 nameserver 128.8.10.90 nameserver 198.32.64.12 nameserver 202.12.27.33 service network restart yum install bind yum install bind-chroot yum install caching-nameserver 配置如下 cd /var/named/chroot/etc/ cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf vi named.conf更改内容如下：         listen-on port 53 { any; };         query-source    port 53;         query-source-v6 port 53;         allow-query     { any; };         allow-query-cache { any; };         match-clients      { any; };         match-destinations { any; }; vi named.rfc1912.zones添加内容如下： zone "firebirds.cz.cc" IN { type master; file "firebirds.cz.cc"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "192.168.0"; allow-update { none; }; }; cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/ cp -p localdomain.zone firebirds.cz.cc cp -p named.local 192.168.0 firebirds.cz.cc内容如下： $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA firebirds.cz.cc. root.firebirds.cz.cc. ( 42 ; serial (d. adams) 3H ; refresh 15M ; retry 1W ; expiry 1D ) ; minimum IN NS firebirds.cz.cc dns IN A 192.168.0.2 www IN A 192.168.0.2 wap IN CNAME www.firebirds.cz.cc. ftp IN CNAME www.firebirds.cz.cc. bbs IN CNAME www.firebirds.cz.cc. mail IN CNAME www.firebirds.cz.cc. 192.168.0内容如下： $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA firebirds.cz.cc. root.firebirds.cz.cc. ( 1997022700 ; Serial 28800 ; Refresh 14400 ; Retry 3600000 ; Expire 86400 ) ; Minimum IN NS firebirds.cz.cc. 2 IN PTR dns.firebirds.cz.cc. 2 IN PTR www.firebirds.cz.cc. setup关闭防火墙 其它端口里输入：53:tcp 53:udp 启动DNS服务/etc/init.d/named start 测试：nslookup 安装DHCP yum install dhcp cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf vi /etc/dhcpd.conf更改内容如下： ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; allow booting; #定义能够PXE启动 allow bootp; #定义支持bootp next-server 192.168.0.2; #TFTP Server的IP地址 filename "grldr"; #pxelinux启动文件位置 default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option routers 192.168.0.1; option domain-name "www.firebirds.cz.cc"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.2, 218.6.200.139, 61.128.128.68; } subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option routers 192.168.1.1; option domain-name "www.firebirds.cz.cc"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.2, 218.6.200.139, 61.128.128.68; } 启动/etc/init.d/dhcpd start 开启动中继转发 vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay DHCRELAYARGS="" INTERFACES="" DHCPSERVERS="192.168.0.2" vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 /etc/init.d/dhcrelay start 查看是否开启 route –n Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 添加虚拟网卡 vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0 # Intel Corporation 82557/8/9/0/1 Ethernet Pro 100 DEVICE=eth0:0 BOOTPROTO=static BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 HWADDR=00:90:96:16:39:AD IPADDR=192.168.1.2 IPV6INIT=no IPV6_AUTOCONF=no NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 Ifup eth0:0 Ifdown eth0:0 /etc/init.d/network restart Ifconfig查看 临时修改hostname www.firebirds.cz.cc 永久修改vi /etc/sysconfig/network 加入域 vi /etc/hosts 临时修改ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.126 永久修改vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-etc0 重启服务/etc/init.d/network restart 使用route 命令添加的路由，机器重启或者网卡重启后路由就失效了，方法： # route [add|del] [-net|-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw Gw] [[dev] If] 其中： add : 添加一条路由规则 del : 删除一条路由规则 -net : 目的地址是一个网络 -host : 目的地址是一个主机 target : 目的网络或主机 netmask : 目的地址的网络掩码 gw : 路由数据包通过的网关 dev : 为路由指定的网络接口 //添加到主机的路由 # route add –host 192.168.168.110 dev eth0 # route add –host 192.168.168.119 gw 192.168.168.1 //添加到网络的路由 # route add –net IP netmask MASK eth0 # route add –net IP netmask MASK gw IP # route add –net IP/24 eth1 //添加默认网关 # route add default gw IP //删除路由 # route del –host 192.168.168.110 dev eth0 安装zebra动态路由服务 yum install quagga vi /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname www.firebirds.cz.cc password zebra enable password zebra log file zebra.log 启动/etc/init.d/zebra start 查看是否启动netstat –tunlp 127．0．0．1：2601 进入服务telnet localhost 2601 show ip route vi /etc/quagga/ripd.conf hostname www.firebirds.cz.cc password zebra ! ! debug rip events ! debug rip packet ! router rip network 192.168.0.0/24 network eth0 network 192.168.1.0/24 network eth0:0 version 2 启动路由转发协议/etc/init.d/ripd start 查看是否启动netstat –tunlp 0．0．0．0：2602 记住网关GATEWAY设置很重要 开启数据转发功能 vi /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 立即生效sysctl –p 安装TFTP服务器 yum install tftp-server vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp更改内容如下： server_args             = -s /windows         disable                 = no 启动TFTP服务/etc/init.d/xinetd start 安装vsftpd yum install vsftpd vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=NO chroot_local_user=YES local_root=/ftp useradd samba passwd samba chown samba:samba /ftp rm –rf /home/samba 安装samba yum install samba vi /etc/samba/smb.conf security = share 添加到[global] dos charset=gb2312 unix charset=gb2312 注释掉[homes]下的配置行 注释掉[printers]下的配置行 添加 [samba] path = /ftp public = yes only guest = yes guest ok = yes writable = no 启动samba、vsftpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd restart /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart windows访问\\IP地址 DHCP中继代理/etc/init.d/dhcrelay start 路由协议 /etc/init.d/ripd start 路由软件 /etc/init.d/zebra start FTP服务/etc/init.d/vsftpd start SMBA服务/etc/init.d/smb start TFTP服务/etc/init.d/xinetd start DHCP服务/etc/init.d/dhcpd start DNS服务/etc/init.d/named start JSP功能 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh HTTP服务/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start MYSQL服务 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &