初二英语复习(介词,不定代词)
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些
,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。如:
--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。
--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。
--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。
但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如:
Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?
What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?
当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中;
Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
介词用法口诀
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in; over、under正上下,above、below则不然,besides,except分内外,among之内along沿;
早、午、晚要用in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after... (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
不定代词
不明确指代某个特定名词的代词叫作不定代词。根据所表达的意义,不定代词可以分为两大类,即肯定性不定代词和否定性不定代词。肯定性不定代词有:both,all,many,much,one,other,each,another,a few,a little,either,some(someone,somebody,something),any(anyone,anybody,anything),every(everyone,everybody,everything)。否定性不定代词有:no,neither,none,nobody,nothing.复合不定代词间的用法区别
1.带some的复合不定代词,一般用于肯定句;而带any的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
I have something important to tell you.
If there is anything the matter with the machine, please let me know.
2.带some的复合不定代词,用于疑问句,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表请求、建议、征询意见的句子中。
—Is____ here?
—No. Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A anybody B somebody C everybody D nobody 选C。
3.带any的复合不定代词,用于肯定句中,表示“任何人,任何事”。
Anyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison.
As a teacher, I would do anything for my students.
4.带any的复合不定代词作主语,其后不能再用否定式,要表达否定概念,需用相对应的全部否定意义的词。
Anything could not be seen in that dark room.(×)
Anything could be seen in that dark room.(√)
5.指人的复合不定代词合写与分写,其意义与用法不同,以any为例:
anyone 仅指人 任何人,某人 不与of短语连用
anyone指人又指物 任何一个 可与of短语连用
Anyone can do the job.
Any one of us can do the job.Classes begin _____ 8:10.
EXERCISE:
We celebrate our National Day _______ October 1st.
1. I was born _____ February, 1992.
2. The meeting is going to be held _____ the morning of March 2nd.
3. Let’s meet _____ ten _______ Friday morning.
4. The plane arrived _______ Shanghai Hongqiao Airport ____ ten _____ the morning of October 3rd.
5. What does the moon look like _______ night?
6. ______ present, he is on holiday.
7. What will you do ______ New Year’s Eve?
8. Grandma prefers tea ______ coffee.
9. Is there _______(some, any) milk in the fridge?
10. Is there ________(anything important, important anything) in today’s newspaper?
11. I have got________(everything, anything) ready. Let’s start.
12. I am thirsty. May I have ______(some, any) 7-up?
13. _____ (Someone, Anyone)stole my wallet yesterday.
1. ( ) I’m hungry. I want ____ to eat. ______ can do.
A. something, Something B. anything, Anything
C. something, Anything D. anything, Something
2. ( ) There is ______ with your watch. It gets slower every day.
A. nothing wrong B. something wrong
C. everything wrong D. anything wrong
3. ( ) A: Can you speak English ?
B: Yes, but only ____ .I’ve studied it for only _____months.
A. few, a few B. little ,a little C. a few, few D. a little ,a few
4. ( ) I asked him for some oil, but he hadn’t ______.
.
A.some
B.any
C.anything
D.no
5. ( )._________
of the four roads will take you the hospital.
A.Neither
B.Either
C.Both
D.
Any
6. ( ) I have five colour pencils, one is red, another is blue and ____three are green
A.the other
B.other
C.the others
D.others.
7. ( ).___________
of us would agree with you.
A.Someone
B.No one
C.None
D.Nobody
8. ( ) Did you break _______ windows?
A.both of
B.both the
C.either of
D. the both
9. ( ) ________ of my parents like music.
A. Both B. None C. Neither D. All
10. ( ) Mary sat under the tree with a book in one hand and an apple in _______.
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
11. ( ) ________ of his parents smokes.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. None
12. ( )There’s ______ on the plate.
A. something else B. else something
B. other something D. something other
13. ( ) I can’t answer this question. I know _____ about it.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
14. ( )Here are two pens. ___ is red ___ is green.
A. Some ,others B. One, the other
B. Some, the others D. One, another
15. ( )She has two sisters. ____ are Young pioneers.
A. They all B. They both C. All of them D. Both of them
16. ( )___ of the two windows is open.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Neither
17. ( )There are many books here, but ___ of them is mine.
A. none B. neither C. no one D. nothing
18. ( ) ____ of them like this song.
A. Every B. Each C. None D. Neither
19. ( ) There is ____ in today’s newspaper.
A. some interesting things B. something interesting
C. interesting something D. anything interesting
20. ( )You mustn’t have both. You may have ___ of them.
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
21. ( )Jack and Mike are brothers. ____ of the boys are good at maths.
A. All B. Both C. Neither D. Either
22. ( ) I’ve got three pens. Two are old and ____ is new.
A. another B. the other C. other D. the third
23. ( ) “He didn’t hear a sound” means He heard _______.
A. no one B. nobody C. nothing D. anything
24. ( ) Kate jumps highest. ____ else can jump as high as she.
A. Nobody B. Nothing C. Neither D. Either
25. ( ) Last night Li Ming kept doing the maths exercises ____ after ____.
A. one, the others B. one, another C. some, others D. one, the other
26. ( ) I have three friends; ____ is from Japan, ____ is from England and
____ is from America.
A. one, the other, the third B. one, another, the third
C. one, the other, another D. one, two, three
27. ( )____ of the boys like sports. Only a few of them don’t like it.
A. Some B. Much C. Most D. The rest
28. ( )The teacher said ____ of the boys had done his work.
A. all B. both C. every D. each
29. ( )____ agreed that in order to save the girl’s life the train should stop
at the nearest station at once.
A. All passengers B. All of the passengers
C. All of passengers d. The all passengers
30. ( ) The light was too poor for ____ to write.
A. none B. nobody C. anyone D. someone
31. ( ) Of the three foreigners, one is from New York, _____ are from London.
A . another two B. the others two C. the other two D. other two
32. ( )_____ of us has an electronic dictionary and _____ one of us can look
up new words in it.
A. Every, each B. Each, every C. Every, every D. Each, each
33. ( ) _____ are good at singing.
A. All them B. Those all girls C. All this girls D. All these girls
34. ( )A:Where shall we meet, at the school gate or the park gate ?
B. ________.
A. neither B. either C. both D. none
35. ( )
has passed the examination.
A.Every of us
B.All of us
C.Everyone of us
D.Each of us
36. ( )There is a line of trees on
side of the street.
A.every
B.both
C.any
D.each
37. ( ) ______ of my parents is a teacher.
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
38. ( ) Please give me some _____ reasons.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
39. ( ) Not all these books are second-hand;_____of them are new.
A. all B. none C. some D. each
40. ( ) As we were asleep, _____ of us heard the sound.
A. both B. none C. all D. any
41. ( ) A: There is _____ink in the bottle .
B: Well, he wants only _____ drops of it.
A. little ,a few B. a few , little
C. a little few D. few, a little
42. ( ) There isn’t ______ paper here. Will you go and get _______ for me?
A. any; any
B. any; some
C. much; many
D. many; much
43. ( )The days in winter are shorter than ______ in summer.
A. that
B. One
C. those
D. these
44. ( ) Would you like _______ milk in your tea?
Yes, just _______.
A. any; little
B. some; a little
C. much; a few
D. a little; some
45. ( ) - Is ___ here?
- No, Bob and Tim asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody
C. anybody
D. nobody
46. ( ) In order to keep healthy, you should eat ______ fast food, ______ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.
A. fewer…fewer B. less…more
C. fewer…more
D. less…less
47. ( ) Do you have milk?
A. any B. any of C. some of D. some
48. ( ) “The cake is delicious, John.” “Then, do you want more?”
A. a little B. some C. little D. much
49. ( ) “Glad to visit you again.”
“Would you kike hot coffee?’’
A. some B. any more C. any D. drink
50. ( ) “Yes?” ”May I have coffee, please?’’
A. some B. any C. any more D. many