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02 虚拟语气

2012-03-05 32页 ppt 300KB 17阅读

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02 虚拟语气null虚拟语气虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句 错综时间条件句 含蓄条件句1、表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句1、表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句动词形式为: 条件从句表示一个假想的与事实相反的情况,或不太可能发生的情况 If we had enough money, we would buy a computer. (But we haven’t.) If she stayed another day, he would drive ...
02 虚拟语气
null虚拟语气虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句 错综时间条件句 含蓄条件句1、表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句1、表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句动词形式为: 条件从句表示一个假想的与事实相反的情况,或不太可能发生的情况 If we had enough money, we would buy a computer. (But we haven’t.) If she stayed another day, he would drive her home. (But she wants to go home now.)null在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be,一般要用were,特别是在较正式的文体中: If she were trying harder, her parents wouldn’t be so anxious. If I were you, I would take that job. 但口语中,在第一、三人称后,也可使用was: If I was rich, I would buy you anything you wanted. 但在第一人称后,还是用were好,尤其是在if I were you (in your position)中: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that car.需要注意的特殊情况需要注意的特殊情况主句中有时可用 could, might, should 或 ought to 构成谓语: If he were here, he could help us. If he failed he ought to try again. 从句中可用 would 表示“意愿” If Ann would admit this I shouldn’t quarrel with her. 从句中可用 were to 或 was to 构成谓语,表示将来万一发生的情况: If you were to speak to him, it would carry more weight.null从句中可用should构成谓语,这时主句可用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气: If it should be necessary, I could come at six. If she would be interested, I’ll phone her.nullif 可能被省略,这时从句要用倒装语序: Were she in charge, she would do things differently. (= If she were in charge) Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. (= If you changed your mind)null从句可用 “If it were not for…” 这种句型,表示“若不是……” If it weren’t for your help, I would still be homeless. Were it not for your help, I wouldn’t be doing so well. 一些特殊的不完整的条件句: Suppose he were lost. Imagine your child played truant.2、表示过去情况的虚拟条件句2、表示过去情况的虚拟条件句动词形式为: 表示与事实完全相反的过去情况 If anything had happened, he would have let her know. (Actually nothing happened.) If I had been Jane, I wouldn’t have answered that question. 需要注意的地方需要注意的地方主句中可用 could、might 或should 构成谓语: If she had been here, she could have met my sister. If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late. If he had apologized, you should have done so too. null省略if时,从句要改为倒装结构: If I had known your address, I would have written to you before. Had I known your address, I would have written to you before.null从句中可用 If it had not been for 表示“要不是有”: If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. Had it not been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon.3、错综时间条件句3、错综时间条件句条件句中的动词形式多是一般情况,但也有例外情况: If I had not got married, I would still have been living abroad. If it had been raining this morning, we would have stayed home.null有时主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不同: If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. If it hadn’t been for her care, I should not be speaking to you now.4、含蓄条件句4、含蓄条件句在不少情况下,句子不一定包含一个条件从句,但意思和条件句差不多,这时谓语仍可用虚拟语气: To hear him talk, you would think he was Prime Minister. (= If you could hear him talk…) But for his pension, he would starve. (= Were it not for his pension…) Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. (= Had it not been for your help…)二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用 虚拟语气在主语、表语、同位语从句中的运用 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用1、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用wish后的宾语从句 一类用相当于过去式的形式,指现在的情况: I wish we had more money. 动词be都用were的形式: I wish (that) she were here. 另一类用相当于过去完成时的形式表示过去的情况,常常有懊悔的意思: I wish I had been here yesterday.null若宾语指将来的情况,谓语用would/could/might构成,接近一种客气的请求: I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. I wish I could do something for you in return. She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him.nullwould rather/sooner 后的宾语从句: 谓语用相当于过去式的形式来表示现在或将来的情况: I would rather she sat next to me. 也可用相当于过去完成时的形式表示过去的情况: I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it.nullhad rather 和 prefer 后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气表示“宁愿”: I had rather you did it. I prefer that she drive. 在 if only 和 suppose 后用虚拟语气表示惋惜: If only I had listened to your advice! Suppose your father saw you what would he say?nulldemand, insist, ask 等动词后的宾语从句: 用“(should)+动词原形”构成谓语 He urges that the restrictions be lifted. The doctor advised that he change his job. They recommend that this tax be abolished.2、虚拟语气在主语、表语、同位语从句中的运用2、虚拟语气在主语、表语、同位语从句中的运用在主语从句中通常使用“(should+动词原形)”: It’s vital that we be present. It is important that this mission not fail. It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. (含“竟然”的意思)null在表语从句中多用动词原形: His sole requirement was that the system work. Our decision is that the school remain closed. Her suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in French.null在同位语从句中用动词原形或带should的形式: They were faced with the demand that his tax be abolished. The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. They expressed the wish that she accept the award.3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用在“be+形容词”后的状语从句: 谓语用“should+动词原形” I’m surprised that he should feel lonely. He was amazed that they should express indignation at this matter. They were insistent that we be ready.nullas if 和 as though 引起的状语从句: 动词形式和wish后的宾语从句中的谓语形式差不多 He acts as if he knew you. She treats me as if I were a stranger. We feel as though we had witnessed the whole thing.null当主句谓语为look, seem, taste, smell 时,从句的谓语用陈述语气: It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as if we shall have to walk. This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. The milk smells as if it is sour.null某些让步从句和目的从句中谓语可用虚拟语气: Poor though you might be, you cannot live all your life on charity. Try as I would, I could not prevail upon him to follow my advice. They left early for fear that they would meet him. They removed the prisoner in order that he would not disturb the proceedings any further.三、虚拟语气的一些其他用法三、虚拟语气的一些其他用法在表示祝愿的话语中: God bless you! God be praised. Long live the country! Heaven help us! May you have a long and happy life!null一些固定说法: So be it. 就这样吧。 Far be it from me to spoil the fun. 我才不想扫大家的兴呢。 Suffice it to say that we won. 我们胜利了,说这一句就够了。nullIt’s (high) time 后的从句中: I think it’s time you went to bed. It’s high time you bought a new car. would rather/sooner + 不定式 I would rather be a miner than a bank clerk. She would rather go by car. If she had had a chance, she would rather have lived 100 years ago.null某些成语本身就是虚拟语气 as it were would think would have thought if need be (who/what) should…but… “原来是” He is an adult, as it were. Anyone would think he owns the place, the way he talks! Who would have thought of such a thing! I will come if need be. Who should come in but his wife!
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