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M74HC00_[www.ic5.cn]Unit1 Schoollife基础自测 语法专题内容索引要点探究当堂达标PeriodTwo Wordpower&Grammarandusage基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词1.adj.以前的2.vi.毕业n.毕业生n.毕业3.adj.流利的adv.流利地4.vt.捐赠n.捐献;赠送formergraduategraduationfluentfluentlydonatedonation5.n.善意adj.好心的6.adj.极佳的,非常好的7.adj.独立的n.独立kindnesskindsplendidindependentin...
M74HC00_[www.ic5.cn]
Unit1 Schoollife基础自测 语法专题内容索引要点探究当堂达标PeriodTwo Wordpower&Grammarandusage基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词1.adj.以前的2.vi.毕业n.毕业生n.毕业3.adj.流利的adv.流利地4.vt.捐赠n.捐献;赠送formergraduategraduationfluentfluentlydonatedonation5.n.善意adj.好心的6.adj.极佳的,非常好的7.adj.独立的n.独立kindnesskindsplendidindependentindependenceⅡ.重点短语1.超过,多于;不仅仅是2.全年3.确保4.照顾好5.毕业于……6.培养……的兴趣7.把……捐赠给……morethanallyearroundmakesuretakegoodcareofgraduatefromdevelopaninterestindonate...to...8.因某事感谢某人9.利用10.一方面……,另一方面……thanksb.forsth.makeuseofforonething...,foranotherthing...Ⅲ.重点句式studentswanttoexercisejustwantsomefun,theycanuseourgym.不管学生是想锻炼身体还是想随便玩玩,他们都可以使用我们的健身房。1.whether...orWhetherhisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.学业一结束,他便开始游历中国。2.upon/on+doingsth.orUponfinishing要点探究(1)graduatevi.毕业;n.毕业生graduatefrom...毕业于……学校graduatein...毕业于……专业(2)graduationn.毕业aftergraduation毕业后Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,hewenttoChinatostudyChineseatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.大学毕业后,他去中国北京语言大学学习汉语。归纳拓展重点词汇(1)Wehavesomeuniversitygraduatesinourfactory.我们工厂有一些大学生。(2)He’llgraduatefromcollegewithadegreeinlawnextyear.明年他就大学毕业了,将获得法学学位。(3)Whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation? 毕业后你打算做什么?语境助记(1)大学毕业时,他主动提出去西藏教书。Whenhecollege,heofferedtogoandteachinTibet.题组训练graduatedfrom(2)Aftertheuniversity,hewassenttoworkinafactoryinabigcity.A.graduate B.graduatefromC.graduating D.graduatingfrom√解析解析 句意为:大学毕业后,他被派到一座大城市的一家工厂工作。after为介词,后接v.­-ing形式,graduatefrom从……毕业。(1)donatev.捐献,捐赠donatesth.to...把某物捐给……(2)donationn.捐献,捐赠makeadonation/donations(ofsth.tosb.)捐献/捐款(某物给某人)Hedonatedmostofthemtoourschoollibrary.他把大多数(书、字典、画和照片)都捐给了我们的校图书馆。归纳拓展(1)Ourschoolwilldonate500copiesofdifferentvaluablebookstoyourclass.(2015·天津)我们学校将赠送给你们班500本不同的、有价值的书。(2)Shemadeadonationof$5,000totheChildren’sHospital.她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。语境助记(1)这个商人捐给医院很多钱。Thebusinessman________________________________________________________thehospital.题组训练donatedalotofmoneyto/madeadonationofalotofmoneyto(2)Ifmostbreadwinnersaday’spaytotheHopeProject,thenitwillbehopeful.A.gift B.presentC.donate D.give答案√解析解析 句意为:如果大多数赚钱养家的人都向希望工程捐献出一天的所得,那么就大有希望了。donate所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或者机构;而present“赠送”,是正式地颁给某人,通常附有仪式,着重强调赠者和接受方的关系。(1)independentadj.独立的,自主的beindependentofsb.不依赖某人;不受某人的影响(2)independencen.独立(3)dependentadj.依靠的,依赖的bedependenton/uponsb./sth.依赖某人/某物(4)dependencen.依靠;依赖Therestofthetimewhichtheyspendatschoolisusedforindependentstudy.他们在校的其他时间用于自学。归纳拓展(1)Heisveryfarfrombeingindependent.他现在还远不能自立。(2)Shestruggledfortheindependenceofhercountryallherlife.她为自己祖国的独立而奋斗终生。(3)I’llneverbedependentonanyoneagain;I’dratherstarve.我再也不依赖任何人了,我宁愿饿死。语境助记(1)我从前依赖父母;现在我独立了。Iusedtomyparents.NowI_________________them.题组训练bedependentonamindependentof(2)Nowheis20anddecidestobeindependenthisfamily.A.in B.ofC.on D.with答案√解析解析 句意为:现在他20岁了,决定从他的家庭独立出来。beindependentof独立于……,不依赖……。故选B项。makeuseof利用,使用(相当于takeadvantageof)makefull/gooduseof充分(好好)利用makeno/littleuseof没有利用comeintouse开始使用bring/put...touse加以使用It’snousedoing...做……没用。Withsomuchfreetime,studentswhodonotmakegooduseoftheirtimemaynotpasstheirexams.有如此多的空闲时间,没有好好利用的学生可能无法通过考试。归纳拓展(1)Weshouldmakefulluseoftimetostudy.我们应当好好利用时间学习。(2015·广东)(2)Whendidtelephonefirstcomeintouse?什么时候电话开始使用的?(3)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.事已至此,后悔也没有用了。语境助记(1)她利用业余时间进行体育锻炼。Shehersparetimetoworkout.(2)那辆新车将于下月开始使用。Thenewcarnextmonth.题组训练makesuseofwillbeputintouse/comeintouse(3)Thebossinsistedthateveryminuteshouldbemadefulluseoftheworkwell.A.todo B.doingC.doing D.todo答案√解析解析 句意为:老板坚持要求充分利用每分钟去把工作做好。makeuseof...todosth.利用……做某事。Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.学业一结束,他便开始游历中国。经典句式(1)Uponfinishinghisstudies作时间状语,相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。(2)on或upon后也可接名词,意义和on/upondoing一样都示“一……就……”。(3)表示“一……就……”的其他常见词语或结构:immediately,instantly,directly;theinstant/moment/minute;nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when...。归纳拓展(1)On/Uponhisarrival/arriving,heinformedusofthenews.他一到达就告诉了我们这个消息。(2)Sheburstintolaughtertheinstantshereadtheletterfromhersister.她一看到她妹妹的来信就笑起来了。语境助记(1)他一到家就打开了电视。home,heturnedonthetelevision.题组训练On/Uponarriving(2),shehurriedtothenearbyrestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.A.Uponarrival B.UponarrivedC.Whenarrival D.Whenarrived答案√解析解析 句意为:她一到就去附近的餐厅吃东西了。“upon/on+名词/动名词”意为“一……就……”,相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句,故A项正确。C、D两项若改成whenshearrived或whenarriving也是正确的。当堂达标Ⅰ.词形变换1.Aslongasthereis(kind),theworldwillbecomemorebeautiful.2.Iwonanationalprizefor(paint)lastweek.3.Sheisastrongand(dependent)womanwhoneedsnohelpfromothers.4.HowIwishIcouldspeakEnglishas(fluent)asanativespeaker!5.Ayearafter(graduate),Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.graduationkindnesspaintingindependentfluently6.ItwasinOxfordUniversitythatheChineseculture.7.It’ssonicetohearfromher.Believeitornot,welastmet__________thirtyyearsago.8.Alexandermostofhisartcollectionsthemuseumlastmonth.Ⅱ.选词填空donateddevelopedaninterestinmorethanmorethan,graduatefrom,developaninterestin,makeuseof,donate...toto9.ItwillbetwoyearsbeforeIhighschool.10.Youcannotchoosewhatyouaregiven,butyoucanchoosehowyouit.graduatefrommakeuseofⅢ.完成句子11.他们正在谈论一些我根本不知道的作家和作品。Theyaretalkingaboutsomewritersandworks___________________________.12.他是我认识的最勤奋的学生。Heisthemostdiligentstudent.13.确保在做实验之前你已经懂了原理。youhaveunderstoodthetheorybeforeyoudotheexperiment.thatareunknowntomeatall(that)IhaveknownMakesurethat14.我们是出去还是待在寝室取决于天气。dependsontheweather.15.一下飞机,他就被守候的警察逮捕了。theplane,hegotarrestedbythewaitingpolice.WhetherwewillgooutorstayinthedormUpon/OngettingoffⅣ.单项填空16.____onmycomputer,Ifoundane-­mailfrommypenfriend,______metospendthesummerholidayinhiscity.A.Onturning;invitedB.Onturning;invitingC.Whenhavingturned;toinviteD.Afterturning;inviting答案√解析解析 第一个空考查on+doing...结构,意为“一……就……”;第二个空为动词­-ing形式作定语,和e­-mail之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。17.—Doyouneedanyhelp,Lucy?—Yes.ThejobisIcoulddomyself.A.lessthan B.morethanC.nomorethan D.notmorethan答案√解析解析 答话人同意接受对方的帮助,由此可知,这项工作超出了答话人的能力范围。morethan超过,多于,符合题意。lessthan少于;nomorethan不过,仅仅;notmorethan至多,不超过。18.Thethatourbodymakesfoodliesmainlyinourdigestion.A.advantage;of B.use;inC.use;of D.advantage;over答案√解析解析 考查动词短语辨析。动词短语makeuseof中的名词use前置作为先行词,其余部分置于定语从句中。19.Tracywantedtobeofherparentsaftergraduation,andtriedtolivealone.A.aware B.confidentC.independent D.proud答案√解析解析 beindependentof不依赖某人;beawareof意识到;beconfidentof确信;beproudof对……感到自豪。20.Somemodernteachingequipmentaswellashundredsofbooks_____totheruralschools.A.hadbeendonated B.wasdonatedC.havedonated D.weredonated答案√解析解析 句意为:一些现代化的教学设备和数百本书籍被捐给了农村学校。aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时,句子的谓语形式与aswellas前的名词主语或代词在人称和数上保持一致;equipment是表示集合的不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词应用单数,而且donate与句子主语之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态;同时因为题干中没有另一个过去动作与“donate”对比,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。语法专题用恰当的关系代词填空1.Themanbroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.2.Themagazinehehastakenawayismine.3.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.4.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.5.ThetrainwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.定语从句that/whichwho/thatwhich/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/that6.Theboywashereaminuteagoismybrother.7.Iwanttotalktotheboyhomeworkhasn’tbeenhandedin.8.Isawsometreesleaveswereblackwithdisease.who/thatwhosewhose一、定语从句的定义在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,可以代表人、物或者全句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that,as等。关系副词:when,where,why等。关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。例如:Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。(thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday是定语从句;thebook是先行词;关系代词that指代先行词thebook,在定语从句中作bought的宾语。)Thetimewhenhearrivesisunknown.他到达的时间还不知道。(whenhearrives是定语从句;thetime是先行词,关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。)二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替先行词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.指人的关系代词who,whom,whose,that的用法(1)作主语(who,that)。例如:Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的那个人吗?Themanwho/thatistalkingwithMrWangisafamousdoctor.正在和王先生说话的那个人是一位有名的医生。(2)作宾语(who,whom,that)。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。例如:Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。Ishethedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingfor?他是你在找的那位医生吗?(3)作定语(whose)。例如:Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。2.指物的关系代词which,whose和that的用法that既可指事又可指人,which指物,它们在从句中作主语或宾语;whose既可指事又可指人,在从句中作定语。which和that在从句中作宾语时常可省略。(1)作主语。例如:Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.在这个钱包里的钱是我的。(2)作宾语。例如:Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包裹快散了。Thechair(which/that)youbrokeyesterdayisnowbeingrepaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。(3)作定语(whose)。例如:Thehousewhoseroofneedsrepairingisonlythreeyearsold.(whoseroof=ofwhichtheroof/theroofofwhich)那座屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。用适当的关系代词填空1.Doyouknowthegirlhairisbrown?2.Isthisthecityyouvisitedlastyear?3.Aplaneisamachinecanfly.4.Thosehavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.5.IhaveneverregrettedthedecisionImadeyearsago.题组训练1whowhosethat/whichthat/whichthat/which3.只用that,不用which的情况(1)当先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,little,few,none,theone等不定代词或被any,no,theonly,thevery(恰好的),little,few等词修饰时,只能用that。但注意,先行词为something时,用that或which皆可。例如:Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以看的书。Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.他是唯一理解我的人。Thisistheveryquestionthatcameupatthemeeting.这正是开会时提出的问题。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttotellme?你有什么事情要告诉我吗?Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.该做的一切都做了。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?你记下李先生所说的一切了吗?(2)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。(3)当先行词既有人又有物时。例如:Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?用适当的关系代词填空1.I’venevertakenanythingdidn’tbelongtome.2.ThisistheverybookIwant.3.She’sthemostinterestingsingerIhaveeverheardof.4.Theguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformances_____theysawatthechildren’spalace.5.Thefirstthingweshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.题组训练2thatthatthatthatthat1.Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京,22)A.whose B.whyC.where D.which答案√解析解析 句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。123456782.Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014·山东,10)A.which B.whoseC.who D.why答案√解析解析 句意为:国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company构成所属关系,故选择whose。123456783.Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.(2014·江西,28)A.which B.whatC.where D.when答案√解析解析 句意为:在这些水手们必须面对的众多危险中,也许最大的危险是雾。在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词themanydangers并在句中作动词face的宾语,可以省略。C、D两项都是关系副词,在定语从句中通常只作状语,不能作宾语;what不是定语从句的关系词。123456784.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2014·陕西,13)A.that B.whichC.as D.what答案√解析解析 先行词是information,指物,关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语,且先行词有不定代词all修饰,故关系词只能用that。123456785.TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(2014·安徽,22)A.when B.whereC.why D.which答案√解析解析 先行词是theexactyear,定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语所以选D。123456786.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____liveswereaffected.(2013·福建,27)A.whose B.thatC.who D.which答案√解析解析 句意为:这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those,表示人,定语从句的主语是lives,与先行词构成所属关系,应使用关系代词whose引导。123456787.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.(2013·山东,35)A.when B.whereC.which D.whom答案√解析解析 句意为:最后他到达了一个完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。分析句子结构可知,后面为定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以答案只能选C项。123456788.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.(2013·湖南,21)A.whom B.whoC.what D.which答案√解析解析 句意为:快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知,“aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those,从句中缺少主语,所以用who引导。故答案选B。12345678本课结束
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