不定式

不定式 1． 不定式的句法功能 1） 作主语 ，常用it放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移至谓语后面 To complete the 24-storied building in 10 months was a great achievement. ------ It was a great achievement to complete the 24 –storied building in 10 months. 2． 作宾语 1) verb+ to do sth We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers. He promised not to tell anyone about it. 能带不定式作宾语的动词有： afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean(打算), neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish 2). 作宾语补足语 a.动词+名词/代词+ 不定式 He challenged Ann to race him to the school. We should get him to see a doctor. He told me where to take the bus. 能带这种结构的动词还有： advice, allow , ask, beg, cause, command, compel, enable, determine, expect, find, force, hate, inform, invite, mean, need, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, send , teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch hear, have, feel, let, make, notice, see, help后面所接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to. b. 动词+it + 形容词/名词+ 不定式 He feels it challenging to be a supermarket manager. 能带这种结构作宾语补足语的动词还有consider, judge, make 3.作定语 a. 由 only, last, next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。如： He is always the last one to leave the office. This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town. I don’t think he is the beset man to do the job. b. 不定式常用作下列名词/代词的定语ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish. eg Anything to do with the sun is called” solar”. I have no desire to travel. 4作状语 a. 表目的 To do his work Einstein needed only a pen and a pad of paper. Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling. She raised her voice so as to be heard. b. 表结果 John left his hometown ten years ago, never to return. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. c. 表原因 They laughed to see the clown. He was overjoyed to hear the news. d.不定式常用于修饰下列形容词 able, afraid, angry, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, difficult, eager, easy, fit, happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, right, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong. Eg. The water is unfit to drink. Ann is easy to get along with.