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辅修英语写作第12周

2012-04-24 4页 doc 42KB 9阅读

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辅修英语写作第12周短文写作部分的题型主要分为提纲式作文以及提供规定情景或提纲的图表作文。 1)提纲式作文 (Outlining-composition) 这类作文要求考生根据所给的提纲或要点提示进行写作。给出的提纲一般用英文,包括三条或多条内容。这类作文的写作步骤是: 首先认真研究各条提纲。提纲中各段的提示与主题句一样,是考生在各段需要阐述的中心或观点。只有抓住了提纲中内容的关键,理解了提纲的含义,才能更好地选择与之相关的素材,扩展好短文。 第二,草拟主题句。主题句必须是一个意义完整、符合语法结构的句子;主题句要简洁明了,只能含有一种意...
辅修英语写作第12周
短文写作部分的题型主要分为提纲式作文以及提供情景或提纲的图表作文。 1)提纲式作文 (Outlining-composition) 这类作文要求考生根据所给的提纲或要点提示进行写作。给出的提纲一般用英文,包括三条或多条内容。这类作文的写作步骤是: 首先认真研究各条提纲。提纲中各段的提示与主题句一样,是考生在各段需要阐述的中心或观点。只有抓住了提纲中内容的关键,理解了提纲的含义,才能更好地选择与之相关的素材,扩展好短文。 第二,草拟主题句。主题句必须是一个意义完整、符合语法结构的句子;主题句要简洁明了,只能含有一种意义;主题句内容要具体明确,扣紧提纲内容,易于段落的扩展。 第三,选择材料及段落的展开方式,扩展主题句。正如我们前面所讲的,不同形式的作文要用不同的方法展开段落。考研提纲式作文主要有以下几种形式:对比、立论、说明。对比类作文通过对比两种观点,阐明自己的主张。写作时可用列举法、举例法及因果法展开段落。阐述自己的观点可二者取其一,或二者兼容,重要的是要有理有据。参见范文“Where to Live—In the City or in the Country”(1991年考题)。立论类作文要求根据内容得出自己的结论。表明观点时要清楚明白,不要模棱两可。参见范文“The Project Hope”(1995年考题)。解释说明类作文分析解释给出的问题或现象并提出解决方法。参见范文“For Better Understanding between Parents and Children”(1992年考题)。 请看以下的范文,以了解提纲式作文的写作特点: 范文1:Where to Live—in the City or in the Country 1. Conveniences of the city 2. Attractions of the country 3. My preference Where to Live—In the City or in the Country Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city. The city has better transportation service and health care. City dwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants, department stores and concert halls. They are well-informed about what is going on at home and abroad, and have the access to better education, better jobs and more opportunities for business. But country life is also attractive. With the fresh air, the green trees and the singing birds, country people are close to nature and live a quiet life. They can make friends with simple and honest men or wander about leisurely without any pressure upon their mind. Both the country and the city, however, have their own disadvantages. In the country, educational facilities, medical services and transportation systems are still not fully developed. And the city also has many problems, such as heavy traffic, air pollution, great noise and poor housing conditions. As far as I am concerned, I hate the terrible dirt and noise in the city. So, given the choice, I would prefer to live peacefully in the country. 第一段从四个方面指出城市生活的好处:交通便利、医疗条件好;购物、娱乐设施齐全;见闻广;工作、受教育的机会多;第二段从两方面阐述农村生活的优势:空气清新;民风朴实;第三段用列举法写城市和农村生活的不足之处;最后写我的选择。 范文2:The Project Hope 1. Importance of education 2. Necessity of the project 3. My suggestion The Project Hope Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. Education can directly affect the development of our country. With the development of technology, knowledge is the decisive factor in almost all aspects of a country. So education is essential to the development of economy in our country. Because many parents in poor rural areas of our country can’t support their family, not to mention letting their children go to school, most children there have to quit studying. Therefore, the Hope Project is beneficial and meaningful to them. First, it can support the children to go back to school and finish their compulsory schooling. Furthermore, it can bring about a better labour force for the economic development of China. I suggest that everyone should support the Hope Project. It shows a great significance to the development of our country. People should offer help and show deep sympathy for those children. 第一段指出教育的重要性;第二段写农村孩子辍学的原因,引出“希望工程”的意义;第三段提出建议——人人为“希望工程”献爱心。 范文3:For Better Understanding between Parents and Children 1. Present situation: Lack of communication between parents and children 2. Possible reasons: different dislikes and likes Misunderstanding Others 3. Suggestions: For parents For children For Better Understanding between Parents and Children Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. This is called generation gap. Many parents say that their children are behaving unreasonably. Many a child complains that they can’t communicate with their parents. They think that their parents are hopelessly old fashioned. I think the lack of communication between parents and children is the most obvious reason. A child usually likes to get help or sympathy from his friends rather than getting help from his parents. The parents don’t know what happened to their child. As they grew up at different times, they have many different likes and dislikes. Besides, parents are often too busy to get to know the child’s feelings and opinions. Then there is a misunderstanding between them. To bridge the generation gap, both parents and children need to make efforts. They should often communicate with each other and spend more time with each other. Most important of all, they should try to look at different things from the others’ point of view. 第一段指出代沟现象;第二段这一现象产生的原因:父母和孩子之间缺乏沟通;交流少因而产生误解;第三段提出建议。 练习一:Write an essay entitled “Which style of living do you prefer?” You should base on the following outline: 1) 有些人愿意同父母生活在一起; 2) 有些人愿意独立生活; 3) 你的观点。 二.应用写作——证明信 证明信用来证明一个人的身份、学历、婚姻状况、经历或有关事情的真实情况,通常由单位或有关负责人出具。证明信通常也采用一般书信,但多略去收信人的姓名、地址和结束用语。证明信通常包括以下几点: 1. 证明信的开头一般用“This is to certify that …”,“This is to certify as follows”(兹证明……)(兹证明如下……)。 2. 被证明的内容。 3. 证明单位或个人的盖章或签字。 范例1 经历证明书(Certificate of Professional Experience) 译文: 兹证明王力,男,1966年出生,1990年5月至1992年6月 于北京第四中学任数学教师。 北京第四中学 (盖章) 如果是学习成绩证明信,除了个人的经历和表现外,还应附上各科成绩。 范例2 March3, 1998 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN, Ronald Piet Hovens has been a student at Kneebone High School since 1993 when he started year 7. In 1998 he gained the following results in the Higher School Certificate: English C Math B History D Economics B Dutch A During his time at the school Ronald has shown himself to be an honest and considerate boy who has taken part in a wide range of school activities. He is a quiet person but mixes well and is popular with his fellow students. He is responsible and hard-working and I have no hesitation in recommending him for any position for which he may apply. Yours faithfully, M.S. Rush Headmaster (Signature) 译文: 尼伯中学学习成绩证明书 罗纳德·波埃特·欧文斯自1993年7起在尼伯中学学习。以下是1998年该生在校学习成绩: 英语 C 数学 B 历史 D 经济 B 荷兰语 A 罗纳德在校期间是一位诚实和为他人着想的学生,他参加学校各项活动,尽管他言语不多,但他与同学关系融洽,和睦友爱。 他办事负责,学习刻苦,本人乐意向录用人推荐他。 校长 M.S.拉什 1998年3月3日 This is to certify that Wang Li, male, born in 1966, was a Mathematics teacher at No.4 Middle School, Beijing, from May 1990 to June, 1992. Beijing No.4 Middle School (Signature)
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