俄罗斯人如何看待美国

9-13 Cursitor Street London EC4A 1LL, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7242 3223 Fax: +44 (0)20 7430 0658 info@russianresearch.net www.russianresearch.net 119034, Россия, Москва Большой Левшинский пер., 8/1, ком. 102 Тел/факс: +7 095 201 4165/956 1565 tb@russianresearch.net www.russianresearch.net What Russia Thinks of America Highlights of the study commissioned by ICM for BBC2 programme “What the World Thinks of America” (17 June, 2003) With permission from ICM/BBC Russian Research©, 2003 What Russia Thinks of America 2 Table of Contents The Study........................................................................................................................................ 3 Attitudes towards the USA and President George Bush................................................................. 4 Perception of American Policies..................................................................................................... 5 Perception of Americans................................................................................................................. 6 Some Statements about America .................................................................................................... 7 America’s Products: What people like and dislike ......................................................................... 8 Which country is more cultured: America or Russia? .................................................................... 9 America: Better Place to Live than Russia? ................................................................................. 10 Should Russia Copy America in the Running of its Economy? ................................................... 11 What Things About America Should Russia Aspire to Achieve? ................................................ 12 Which country/organization is more dangerous to world peace?................................................. 13 Was America Right to Invade Iraq?.............................................................................................. 14 What Russia Thinks of America 3 The Study The study was conducted by Russian Research in May-June 2003 on a national representative sample of 1000 adults aged 18+ in Russia. The following are highlights of the study commissioned by ICM for the BBC2 programme “What the World Thinks of America” that was broadcast on 17 June 2003. Please send all enquiries about the data to Russian Research Ltd at the following address Russian Research Ltd. 9-13 Cursitor Street London EC4A 1LL, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7242 3223 Fax: +44 (0)20 7430 0658 ig@russianresearch.net www.russianresearch.net What Russia Thinks of America 4 Attitudes towards the USA and President George Bush Questions: In general how would you say you feel towards America? Would you say your attitude towards America is … And thinking specifically about President George Bush of America, would you say your attitude towards President George Bush is … 1. Very favourable 2. Fairly favourable 3. Fairly unfavourable 4. Very unfavourable 5. Neither favourable nor unfavourable 6. Don’t know Russians may like America but they do not like President Bush. While some 48% said they feel favourable or very favourable towards America only 25% felt so towards President Bush. On the contrary, while some 49% felt unfavourably or very unfavourably towards President George Bush, only 28% did so towards America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% America President Bush Attitudes towards the USA and President Bush 1 Very favourable 2 Fairly favourable 3 Fairly unfavourable 4 Very unfavourable 5 Neither favourable nor unfavourable 6 Don’t know What Russia Thinks of America 5 Perception of American Policies Questions I would like to read out a list of some important world issues. Based on what you know, do you yourself agree or disagree with American policy on… 1. Agree 2. Disagree 3. Don’t know Graph 2 12.2 49.8 38.0 17.9 65.5 16.6 20.2 21.9 58.0 21.5 38.2 40.4 28.2 35.4 36.4 41.6 44.7 13.7 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Israel and Palestine Nuclear Proliferation Global Warming World Poverty Spread of AIDS Terrorism Perception of American Policies 1 Agree 2 Disagree 3 Don’t know In general our respondents either did not agree with the American policies that we asked them about (see. Graph 2 above) or did know about them. The most “agreeable” American policy is the one on Terrorism (some 42% agreed but 45% disagreed), the least “agreeable” policy is the one on Israel and Palestine. But note the remarkable 65% of those who did not agree with America’s policy on Nuclear Proliferation! Another notable finding is that between 36% and 58% of respondents said they did not know about America’s policies on AIDS, Israel and Palestine, World Poverty and especially Global Warming. The best known policies were the ones on Terrorism and Nuclear Proliferation. Is America best known for its military might than for anything else? What Russia Thinks of America 6 Perception of Americans Question: Which of the following best describes Americans? Arrogant or Humble? Antagonistic or Friendly? United or Divided? Religious or not Religious? Free or Un-free? Graph 3 32.3 33.3 20.2 14.2 53.7 27.4 6.5 12.4 58.3 22.1 5.9 13.8 67.1 9.9 10.3 12.6 71.4 14.5 4.6 9.5 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Antagonistic or Friendly United or Divided Religious or not Religious Arrogant or Humble Free or Un-free Perception of Americans First Second Neither Don’t know Most of our respondents thought of Americans as being free, arrogant, religious, united and equally antagonistic and friendly. What Russia Thinks of America 7 Some Statements about America Questions: Here are some things people have said about America. For each one I read out please say whether you agree or disagree. PROMPT: Is that strongly or slightly? a) “America is a force for good in the world” d). “America now feels it is the only superpower in the world and they can do what they like” 1. Agree strongly 2. Agree slightly 3. Disagree slightly 4. Disagree strongly 5. Don’t know Graph 4. 1 3.6 2:11.2 3: 15.3 4: 62.3 5:7.6 1 47.0 2: 14.3 3:8.2 4: 27.7 5 : 2.8 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% America is a force for good in the world America now feels it is the only superpower in the world and they can do what they like America: A Force for Good or Selfish Superpower? 1 Agree strongly 2 Agree slightly 3 Disagree slightly 4 Disagree strongly 5 Don’t know Most of our respondents (47%) believed that America felt it was the only superpower in the World and did what it wanted. On the contrary, 62% of respondents did not think that America was a force for good in the world. What Russia Thinks of America 8 America’s Products: What people like and dislike Question: Generally speaking, would you say you tend to like or dislike? American Movies American Television American Popular Music American made Clothing American Food American Drinks American Internet websites 1. Like 2. Dislike 3. Don’t know Graph 5 8.0 10.5 81.5 9.9 70.8 19.3 11.7 44.7 43.5 19.4 58.8 21.8 28.4 58.5 13.0 31.6 58.4 9.9 46.3 22.1 31.6 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Internet websites Food Television Drinks Popular Music Movies Clothing What American Products? Like Dislike Don’t know Our respondents tended to like American made clothing … and to dislike everything else on the list. American Food and Drinks, Popular Music and Movies were the most disliked American products (though about 1 in 3 of our respondents liked American Movies and Popular Music). Not very many people liked American Television, however not very many knew about it either. American Internet websites were the least known American Product for our respondents, a massive 82% did not know about it. The last result should not be surprising as only about 10% of Russians have access to the Internet. What Russia Thinks of America 9 Which country is more cultured: America or Russia? Question Do you think that Russia is more cultured than America? NB. ‘Cultured’ should be taken to mean showing or having good taste, manners, upbringing and education 1. Yes, Russia is more cultured 2. No, Russia is less cultured 3. Don’t know Graph 6 56.3 31.2 12.5 - 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 Russia is more cultured than America Which Country is More Cultured: America or Russia? Russia is more cultured Russia is less cultured Don’t know The majority (56%) of our respondents thought that Russia was more cultured than America; however 1 in 3 respondents thought that America was more cultured than Russia. What Russia Thinks of America 10 America: Better Place to Live than Russia? Questions: Overall, do you think that America is a better place to live than (name of country)? 1. Yes, America is a better place to live than (name of country) 2. No, America is not a better place to live than (name of country) 3. Don’t know Q12. If you had the chance, would you like to live in America? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Don’t know Graph 7 1%12% 7% 1% 67% 2% 1% 7% 1% The majority of our respondents (67%) do not think that America is better place to live than Russia and they do not want to live in America. What Russia Thinks of America 11 Should Russia Copy America in the Running of its Economy? Question: As far as you understand it, do you think that the way America runs its economy should be copied in this country or not? 1. Should be copied 2. Should not be copied 3. Don’t know Graph 8 25.1 60.1 14.7 - 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 The way America runs its economy should be copied in Russia Should Russia Follow America in the Running of its Economy? Should be copied Should not be copied Don’t know The majority of our respondents (60%) did not want Russia copying the way America runs its Economy, and 25% did it. What Russia Thinks of America 12 What Things About America Should Russia Aspire to Achieve? Question: Which of the following things about America do you think your own country should aspire to achieve? 1. American standards of freedom of expression for the people 2. The economic opportunities for people 3. Military power 4. Democratic institutions 5. Scientific and technological innovation 6. American popular culture 7. None of these Graph 9 4.3 13.7 22.2 26.8 28.9 46.2 54.2 - 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 American popular culture None of these American standards of freedom of expression Democratic institutions Military power Scientific and technological innovation The economic opportunities for people Russia Should Aspire to Achieve the Following Things American Not surprisingly the majority of our respondents believed that Russia should aspire to achieve the economic opportunities for people (54%) and the degree of scientific and technological innovation which people enjoy in America (46%). The Russians were more sceptical about whether Russia should aspire to have military power similar to that in America (29%). Only about one third of our respondents wanted democratic institutions and freedom of expression being set in Russia to equal that in the USA. And the least desirable feature of America turned out to be American popular culture. What Russia Thinks of America 13 Which country/organization is more dangerous to world peace? Question: Which of these two do you think is the more dangerous to world peace and stability? America or North Korea – READ OUT America or China – READ OUT America or Russia – READ OUT America or Al Qaeda – READ OUT America or France – READ OUT America or Iran – READ OUT America or Syria – READ OUT 1. America 2. The second 3. Neither 4. Don’t know Graph 10 25.0 48.7 2.7 23.6 52.9 25.0 6.6 15.6 58.3 19.6 4.9 17.2 61.6 9.8 4.6 24.0 62.8 15.4 5.0 16.8 74.1 7.2 8.4 10.3 76.7 4.0 7.4 11.9 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% America or Al Qaeda America or China America or Iran America or Syria America or North Korea America or Russia America or France Which Country/Organization is More Dangerous to the World Peace? America The country/organization Neither Don’t know The majority of respondents thought that America poses more danger to the world peace than any of the countries on the list. Only Al Qaeda was regarded as more dangerous than America. What Russia Thinks of America 14 Was America Right to Invade Iraq? Question: Do you think that America was right or wrong to invade Iraq? 1. Right 2. Wrong 3. Don’t know Graph 11 10.4 81.0 8.5 - 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 America was right or wrong to invade Iraq Was America Right to Invade Iraq? Right Wrong Don’t know An overwhelming majority of our respondents (81%) thought that America was wrong to invade Iraq. What Russia Thinks of America Table of Contents The Study Attitudes to the USA and President Bush Perception of American Policies Some Statements about America America's Products: What Russians Like and Dislike Which Country Is More Cultured America: Better Place to Live than Russia? Should Russia Copy America in the Running Its Economy? What Things About America Russia Should Aspire To Achieve? Which Country Is More Dangerous To World Peace? Was America Right to Invade Iraq?