医学考博英语

医学考博写作必记医疗分类、常用词汇、写作技巧以及写作模板（写作套路）医疗分类词汇一、医生、医院、医疗手段、医疗体制、医德、病人1、医生①doctormedicalworker②physician内科医生③surgeon外科医生④doctorincharge主治医生⑤intern实习医生⑥residentdoctor住院医生2、医院①hospitalThespecializedhospital专科医院Thegeneralhospital普通医院Thecommunityhospital社区医院Thepublichospital公立医院Theprivatehospital私立医院②clinc门诊③ward病房④medicalteam医疗队3医疗手段①drugtherapy药物治疗②medicaltreatment医疗③medicalinstruments医疗器械④diagnose(v)诊断(n)diagnosis⑤prevent(v)预防⑥sterilize(v)消毒⑦administrateadrug给药⑧preventandtreatdisease(v)预防和治疗疾病⑨TCM中医⑩chemotherapy化疗(11)medicalservice医疗服务(12)complainof(v)主述(13)healthcheckup健康普查(14)diagnosingandtreating诊断和治疗(15)consultthedoctor(v)咨询4、医疗体制（1）healthcaresystem医疗体制（2）medicaldisputes医疗纠纷（3）medicalaccident医疗事故（4）therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients医患关系（5）medicalinsurancesystem医疗保险体系（6）medicalaidfund医疗救助基金5、医德（1）medicalethics医德（2）patient-oriented以病人为核心（3）humanistic人道主义的（4）compassionate富于同情性的（5）considerate体贴周到的（6）resolute果断的（7）servicequality服务质量（8）togivetopprioritytothelivesandhealthofpeople6、病人（1）patient（2）thesick（3）theinvalid(4)suffereropflp二、生活习惯、健康及运动1、生活习惯life-style生活习惯adisorderofbodyandmindaphysicalandmentaldisordercrazytempooflife快节奏的生活hightempooflifebeaccustomedtosththeexercisehabit2、运动与休息amplesleep充足的睡眠relaxoneselftakesportsphysicalexercisessportactivitiesdosportssportsground（简）gym体育场馆entertainmentbemore/lessphysicallyfitsustaintheexercisehabitconstitution体质3、范文(1)Commonreasonsfornotexercisingarenowillpower,poorfacilities,boredom,fatigue,nopartner,sheerlaziness,orlackoftime(2)theoverallconclusionisclear:physicalactivitybenefitsbodyandmind,andshouldbeencourageforall,especiallythosewhoarenowtheleastactive.三、必知疾病名称1、患病的达方式⑴sufferfrom(v)(2)contract（v）(3)peoplewithsomedisease患病人群(4)thepeoplesusceptibletosomedisease易感某种疾病的人2、必知疾病名称heartdisease心脏病hypertension高血压kidneyproblem肾病stroke休克thebloodpressure血压diabetes糖尿病obesity肥胖terminalillness绝症incurableillness不治之症cancer癌症tumor肿瘤cancerofearlystage癌症晚期emergencycase急症serviousillness重症thedifficultandcomplicatedcases疑难病shortbreath短气syndrome综合症complications并发症process病程boneloss骨质疏松short-sighted（adj）近视3、其他相关词汇outbreakandspendingbreakout(v)疾病的爆发spread(v)疾病的扩散theincidenceofcommondiseases常见病发生率taboo禁忌speedupbloodcirculationimprovethecardiacfunctionssideeffects副反应complainof主述4、传染病专题(1)感染源virus病毒bacteria细菌pest害虫channelandmedia传染途径及媒介（2）传染疾病somediseaseepidemic传染性疾病plague鼠疫influenza（简）flu流感infectioncontagion传染病infectiousdiseases传染病AIDS艾滋病SARS(3)传染epidemic(a)流行的，传染的blockthechaneldisseminate传播crossinfection交叉感染5、疾病名称illnesssicknessdiseaseailmentsuffering6、疾病的转归（1）疾病的恢复recoverrecoveryrecuperateresumerecruitreinstate(2)疾病的恶化deteriorateaggravateexasperatemakeworseworsen四、肥胖与营养1、营养物质nutrient营养素protein蛋白质fat脂肪glucose葡萄糖vitamin维生素sugar糖类heatcaloriesquantityofheat热量carbohydrate碳水化合物softdrinkbeverage软饮料2、营养与饮食awell-balanceddietnutrition营养nutritional营养的nutritious有营养的nutritionist营养学家malnutrition营养失调metabolism物质代谢fatfreefoodthepreparedfood熟食grain谷物foodshortages食品短缺lackoffoodbreakfastlunchsupper一日三餐imbalance(n)unbalance(a)失衡3、营养失衡相关疾病stroke休克obesity肥胖;过胖hypertension高血压diabetes糖尿病4、治疗dietdrug减肥药loseweight减肥五、心理疾病1、心理学专业词汇subhealth亚健康psychologicalbenefits心理健康psychologicalproblem心理问题psychologicalconsultation心理咨询psychologicalobstacles心理障碍mentalobstacles心理障碍psychologicalmassage心理按摩psychology心理学/心理psychotherapy心理治疗psychologicalexpert心理专家2、相关词汇questionnaire3、情绪词汇overcomedisappointdisappointedshyflushfrustration挫折；失败；挫败；失意；沮丧failurefailwillpower意志力,克制力optimismoptimisticalbesensitivetonervoustensionalsadagonypessimismpessimisticconfidentconfidencecstresspressuredepressdepresseddepressiondepressivestrain4、疲劳相关词汇fatiguetire(v)weariness(n)tired(a)exhausted(a)fatigued(a)weary(a)常用词汇一、完形填空常用词汇1、药物名称medicinedrugremedy药品,治疗法medicinalherbs药草、草药powertablet药片pill2、相关词汇drugtherapy药物治疗sideeffects副反应drugabuse药物滥用drugstore药房overthecounter非处方药drugallergy药物过敏drugpoisoning药物中毒prescription处方expensesformedicine药费chargesformedicinedrugrebate药品回扣3、药物用法开药prescribesomemedicineforsomediseasesLSwriteoutaprescription服药takeamedicine治…的疾病aremedyforsomediseases二、考博写作常用核心词汇1.下降、减少reduction，decrease，decline，diminution,drop，descend，go/comedown，fall；上升、增加rise;goup;ascend；increase;2.禽流感H1N1flubirdflu/avianflu;食品安全foodsafety;3.公共卫生突发事件publichealthemergencies;应急反应immediateresponseto;4.关注民生concern(focuson,payattentionto)people’slivelihood/well-being;5.城乡卫生体系urban-ruralmedicalandhealthsystem6.预防保健DiseasePreventionandHealthcare，服务体系servicesystem；7.讲究卫生payattentiontohygiene；个人和环境卫生personalandenvironmentalhygiene8.lite清淡的；protein-complementeddiet蛋白添加饮食；9.preventiveinitiatives=preventivemeasures预防的措施10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，11.虫媒insectpollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borneinfectiousdisease：12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renalsyndrome；13.epidemichemorrhagicfever流行性出血热；14.爆发流行：breakout,explode;anepidemicoutbreakof,explosion15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable,contagion/contagious,transmission/transmittable；communicable可传达的,会传染的,爱说话的[医]有传染性的;communicativea.健谈的,爱说话的,交际的16.传播途径routeoftransmission,birdflutransmitsbyair/wind；persontopersontransmission17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/propagation18.污染pollution/pollute，contamination/contaminate19.福祉well-being,happiness；20.衰老growold；aging；consenescence；senility；senile21.frombadtoworse每况愈下；akinto=similarto相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的22.脂肪肝fattyliver;血压hypertension23.肠癌CancerofRectumandColon；亚健康sub-health24.过劳死karoshi;deathfromoverwork25.长期以来foralongtime;overtheyears26.养生preserveone'shealth;nourishingoflife;keepingoodhealth27.分类bedividedinto＝fallintothreecategories＝begroupedaccordingtotheirorigin,intothreeclasses.＝becategorizedaccordingto/beroughlyclassifiedintothreekinds.28.基本职责=basic/fundamental/essential/elementaryduties/responsibilities/obligations；基本原则fundamentalprinciple/rule,basicruleorprinciple;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。30.民众the(general)public，themassesofthepeople，thecommonpeople；合作者co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;31.死亡人数deathtoll，deaths，thenumberofpeoplekilledin/dyingfromThedeathtollisexpectedtorise.Thedeathtollcontinuestorise.Therehavebeenmoredeathsfromdrowning.Howmuchisthedeathtoll?死亡人数是多少？32.归结为boildownto；comedownto；归因为/归功于beattributableto、beattributedto、ascribeorattribute…to、owe…to;归咎于layorputtheblameonsb、blame…on、ascribeorattribute…to、impute…to。33.大规模onalargescale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行large-scaletransmission，becomeapandemic，massiveattack/outbreak34.表面上onthesurface,apparently,ostensibly,superficial,seemingly;因果关系cause-and-effectrelationship,causalrelationship/relations;孤立现象anisolatedphenomenon；复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；极端复杂性extreme/exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。35.低保basiclivingallowances/subsistenceallowances；养老保险endowmentinsurance；退休养老金retirementpension；HealthCareReform医疗改革36.激烈运动strenuousexercise；vigorousactivity；37.月经期menstrualperiod38.生活的节奏thetempo/thepaceoflife;alifeofquick/fastpace39.婴幼儿保健theinfanthealthcare40.安乐死euthanasia；41.得绝症的terminallyill；42.临终关怀=HospiceCare=end-of-lifecare濒临死亡的病人：dyingpatients，terminallyillpatients，incurablepatient43.SecondhandSmoking，alsocalled“involuntarysmoking”or“passivesmoking”.医学博士英语写作技巧总结一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。二、现场写作技巧①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。医学考博实用写作模板（写作套路）五种写作套路1.MyViewon…题型SampleMyViewonDonatingBloodPeople’sviewsondonatingbloodvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatitisglorioustodonateblood.Theyholdthisviewbecausethosewhoareinurgentneedofbloodcanbesaved.Butothersarguethatitisfoolishforpeopletodonateblood.Intheiropinion,bloodisverypreciousandloosing200mlormoremaydoharmtotheirhealth.Astome,Iagreewiththefirstopinion.Thereasonsofmychoiceareasfollows.First,whileitistruethatlossoftoomuchbloodisdangeroustoone’shealth,itdoesn’tmeanthatdonatingalittlebloodisalsoharmful.Onthecontrary,doctorssaythatdonatingalittlebloodcanpromotemetabolism.Second,therearemanypeoplewhoneedourhelp.Ifmylittlebloodcanpullbacksomebodyonthewaytodeath,willtherebeanythingthatcanmakemeevenhappier?Therefore,donatingbloodisglorious.2.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof…题型SampleAdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheFridgeNowadays,thefridgeispopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,ithasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.First,itishygienic.Vegetablescanbekeptfreshinthefridge.Besides,withthefridgepeoplecanmakeice,icecream,etc.insummer.Mostimportantofall,meat,chicken,fish,etc.canbestoredinthefreezerforalongtimewithoutdeterioratingbecausethegrowthofbacteriacanbecheckedatalowtemperature.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,thefoodwhichhaskeptinthefridgewillnotbesotastyasthefreshfood.Tomakemattersworse,thefridgeproducesalittlenoiseandsopeoplecannotsleepsoundlyatnight.Worstofall,manyfridgesstilluseFreon,whichisharmfultotheenvironment,thoughthesubstituteofFreonhasbeeninventedandisbeingpopularized.Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeaspects.Therefore,inthecity,almosteveryfamilyhasafridgeandithasbecomepeople’slifenecessity.3.Howto…题型SampleHowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficWiththeboomingofthemotorindustry,thereareanincreasingnumberofvehiclesontheroads.Asaresult,trafficjamsoftenoccur.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,roadsshouldbebroadenedtolowerthedegreeofcongestionandtospeeduptheflowofheavytraffic.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemofheavytrafficistoopenupmorebusroutestoreducebicyclesandautomobiles.Finally,moreundergroundpassagesshouldbedevelopedsothatpeoplecancommutebymetro.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreewayswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatifthegovernmenttakessomeactionstoalleviatethetrafficproblem,allofuscanenjoymorefreetraffic.4.AorB题型SampleTravelingbyTrainorbyPlaneWhenwegoonabusinesstrip,wewillbefacedwiththechoicebetweentravelingbytrainorbyplane.Beforemakingtherightchoice,wehadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem.Firstofall,atrainwilltakeustoourtargetrailwaystation.Also,aplanewilltakeustothetargetairport.Second,inatrainwecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Likewise,inaplanewecancommandagoodviewoffields,buildings,mountains,andevencloudsbelow.Despitetheirsimilarities,travelingbytrainandbyplanearealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.First,atrainticketischeap.Mostofuscanaffordit.However,aplaneticketisabouttwiceasexpensiveasatrainticket.Mostofusgrudgepayingforit.Besides,itissafertotravelbytrain.Ifthetraingetsintosometrouble,wemaysurvivebyjumpingoutofit.Onthecontrary,ifwetravelbyplane,wehavetoaskGodtoblessus.Finally,ittakesuslongertimetotravelbyplane.Therefore,itdependswhichtransportationtoolweshouldchoose.Ifwejustwanttosavemoney,wewilltravelbytrain;butifwewanttosavetime,wewillturntoplane.5.Why…题型SampleWhyAreThereSoManyRuralLaborersinShanghai?Nowadays,rurallaborersfloodinShanghai.Menusuallymakealivingbydecoratinghousesincity-dwellers.Womenusuallyworkintherestaurant,washingbowlsandplates.Someofthemalsoworkinstate-runfactories,undertakingtheworkcity-dwellersareunwillingtodo.Therearemanyreasonsforthissocialphenomenon,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,perhapstheyareshortofmoneyandwanttoearnsomemoneyinShanghaitocopewiththeirdifficulties.Foranother,theyfinditeasiertomakealivinginShanghaithaninthecountryside.PerhapstheprimereasonisthattheyadmiretheurbanlifeandwanttoliveinShanghaipermanently.Fromtheforegoing,theruralpopulationisgettingbiggerandbiggerinShanghaiandithascausedserioussocialproblems.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestorestricttheruralpopulationinShanghai.