非语言交流：脸部表达方式

非语言交流：脸部达方式 Nonverbal Communication-----Facial Expressiveness Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For instance, in the American culture the smile is typically an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other functions. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. It is also a source of confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behaviour. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places. Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong place; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment. 　　脸部表情所表达的意思随情况和关系而定。例如，在美国文化中，微笑是表达愉快的典型方式，但同时它还有着其他作用，如表达爱意，表示礼貌，或掩饰真实的情感。由于文化背景的不同，微笑也会造成误解。例如，许多俄国人认为当众对陌生人微笑是非同寻常的，甚至是可疑之举，而许多美国人却常在公共场合无拘无束地向陌生人微笑。所以俄国人认为美国人总在不合时宜的场合微笑，而美国人则认为俄国人对笑太吝啬。在东南亚文化中，微笑常被用来掩饰感情上的痛楚或尴尬。 　　Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes, but we should not attempt to "read" people from another culture as we would "read" someone from our own culture. The degree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted. 　　我们可用面部表达情感和态度，但我们不能像判断本国人面部表情那样去衡量异国人。不同文化中不同的个人，脸部表达方式有深有浅。某一文化背景的人，不像另一文化等景的人那样公开地表达自己的情感，这并不意味着他们没有情感，而是他们在非言语表达方式上存有文化禁锢。 　　If we judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of "reading" the other person incorrectly. 　　如果我们以自己的文化去衡量那些表达感情方式不同的人们，我们就可能犯对他人做出不正确判断的错误。