医学英语root

2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 1 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 abdomin/o abdomen abdominal abdominouterotomy acanth/o spiny;thorny acantha acanthopelvis acar/o mite acaricide acaroid acetabul/o acetabulum(hip socket) acetabular acetabulectomy acou/o hearing,listening acoumeter acousma acous/o hearing acoustic acousma acr/o extremities,top,extreme point acrocentric acroagnosis acu/o sharp,severe,sudden acupoint acus aden/o gland adenoma adenitis adenoid/o adenoids adenoidectomy adenoid hypertrophy adip/o fat adipose adiposis adren/o adrenal glands adrenopathy adrenocortical adrenal/o adrenal glands adrenalectomy adrenalinemia aer/o air aerosol aerobiotic agglutin/o clumping,sticking together agglutination agglutinin agor/a marketplace agoraphobia albin/o white albinism albinuria albumin/o albumin albuminuria albuminaemia alges/o excessive sensitivity to pain analgesia analgesic aliment/o food,nutrient alimentary hypoalimentation allotri/o strange allotriosmia allotriuria alveol/o alveolus,air sac,small sac alveolar alveolar ambly/o dull,dim amblyopia amblyacousia amni/o amnion amniochorial amniotome amyl/o starch amylase amyloidosis an/o anus perianal anoscopy andr/o male androgen andrology aneurysm/o arterial tumor aneurysmectomy aneurysmal angi/o vessel angiogram angioplasty ankyl/o crooked,bent,stiff ankylosis ankylurethra anter/o front anterior anterointernal anthrop/o human being anthropobiology anthropogenesis anxi/o uneasy,anxious,distressed anxiolytic anxiety aort/o aorta aortic stenosis aortal append/o appendix appendectomy appendic/o appendix appendicitis appendicostomy aque/o water aqueous humor aqueduct arter/o artery arterial anastomosis arterectomy arteri/o artery arteriosclerosis arteriectasis arthr/o joint arthritis arthroplasty articul/o joint articular cartilage articulation astr/o star astrosphere astrovirus ather/o yellowish plaque,fatty substance atherosclerosis athteroma atri/o atrium atrial atrioventricular audi/o hearing,the sense of hearing audiometer audiogram audit/o hearing auditory aur/o(aur/i) ear aural auriscope auricul/o ear postauricular aut/o self autism autopolyploid ax/o axis axite axolemma axill/o armpit axillary azot/o nitrogen azotemia azoturia bacill/o bacillus bacilliculture bacillosis bacteri/o bacteria bacteriuria bacteriolysis balan/o glans penis balanitis balanic bas/o base,alkaline basophil basophilism bath/y deep,depth bathycardia bathypnea 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 2 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 bi/o life biology biopsy bil/I gall,bile biliary bilirubin bilirubin/o bilirubin(bile pigment) hyperbilirubinemia blast/o germ,bud blastocone blastoderm blenn/o mucus blennochesia blennorrhagia blephar/o eyelid blepharitis blepharoptosis bol/o to cast(throw) anabolism brachi/o arm brachial artery bromat/o food bromatometry bromatotoxin bronch/o bronchial tubes,bronchus bronchospasm bronchodilator bronchi/o bronchial tube,bronchus bronchiectasis bronchiol/o bronchiole,small bronchus bronchiolitis bucc/o cheek buccal mucosa bucca burs/o bursa bursitis cac/o bad cchexia calc/o calcium hypercalcemia hypocalcemia calcane/o calcaneus(heel bone) calcaneal calci/o calcium decalcification cali/o calix(calys) caliectasis caliectomy calic/o calix(calyx) caliceal capn/o carbon dioxide hypercapnia carcin/o cancerous,cancer carcinoma carcinosarcoma cardi/o heart cardiology carp/o carpals(wrist bones) carpal carpitis case/o casein casease caseinate caus/o burning causalgia cauter/o burn,beat electrocauterization cec/o cecum cecal cecectomy celi/o belly,abdomen celiac cellul/o animal or plant cell celluloneuritis cellulotoxic cephal/o head cephalic cer/o wax cerin ceroma cerebell/o cerebellum cerebellar cerebr/o cerebrum(largest part of the brain) cerebral cervic/o cervix,neck(of the body or of the u cervical endocervicitis cheil/o lip cheilosis chem/o chemical,drug chemotherapy chol/e gall,bile cholelithiasis cholestatic cholecyst/o gallbladder cholecystectomy cholecystitis choledoch/o commone bile duct choledochotomy cholesterol/o cholesterol hypercholesterolemia chondr/o cartilage chondroma chondrosarcoma chori/o chorion choriogenesis chorioamnionitis chorioid/o choroid coat of the eye chorioiditis chorioidpapilloma chorion/o chorion chorionic chrom/o color chromosomes hypochromia chron/o time chronic chyl/o chyle,juice chylocyst chyliferous cib/o meals post cibum cibophobia cis/o to cut incision excision clavicul/o clavicle(collar bone) supraclavicular coagul/o clotting anticoagulant coagulase coccyg/o coccyx(tailbone) coccygeal cochle/o cochlea cochlear col/o colon(large intestine) colostomy colonitis coll/o glue,colloid collemia collochemistry colon/o colon colonic colonoscopy 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 3 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 colp/o vagina colporrhaphy colposcopy comat/o deep sleep(coma) comatose coni/o dust pneumoconiosis conjunctiv/o conjunctiva conjunctivitis cor/o pupil anisocoria coromete corne/o cornea corneal ulcer coron/o crown coronary arteries coronofacial cortic/o cortex,outer region corticosteroid corticoadrenal cost/o rib subcostal chondrocostal crani/o skull craniotomy craniotome cras/o mixture idiosyncrasy crin/o secrete endocrine glands endocrinologist cry/o cold cryogenic surgery cryosurgery crypt/o hidden cryptorchism cryptodidymus crystall/o crystal crystallin crystalluria culd/o cul-de-sac culdocentesis culdotomy cune/o cuneus,wedge,cuneiform cuneocuboid cutane/o skin subcutaneous cyan/o blue cyanosis cyanuria cycl/o(1) ciliary body or muscle of the eye cycloplegic cycl/o(2) circle,recurring cyclothymia cylindr/o cylindrical cylindrosarcoma cyst/o urinary bladder:a sac or a cyst(sac cystoscopy crystic tumor cyt/o cell cystoscopy cytoplasm dacry/o tears,tear duct dacryoadenitis dactyl/o fingers,toes dactylogram dactylology delt/o delta-shaped deltoid deltoideus dent/I tooth dentibuccal dentistry dentr/o tree,resembling a tree dendraxon derm/o skin hypodermic epidermis dermat/o skin dermatoplasty dermatologist diaphor/o profuse sweating diaphoresis dipl/o double diplopia dips/o thirst polydipsia dipsesis disc/o disc discoplacenta disciform dist/o far,distant distal dolich/o long,narrow dolichocephalia dolichostenomelia dors/o back portion of the body dorsal dorsiflexion duct/o to lead,carry ductopenia duoden/o duodenum duodenal duodenitis dur/o dura mater subdural hematoma epidural hematoma electr/o electricity electrocardiogram encephal/o brain electroencephalogram encephalocele enter/o intestines(usually the small intest enteritis mesentery eosin/o red,dawn,rosy eosinophil epididym/o epididymis epididymitis epididymotomy epiglott/o epiglottis epiglottitis episi/o vulva episiotomy episioperineal erg/o work synergism erot/o love,sexual desire erotomania erotophobia erythem/o redness erythema erythemat/o redness erythematous erythr/o red erythrocyte erythrocytopenia esophag/o esophagus esophageal esthesi/o feeling,nervous sensation anesthesia esthesiometer estr/o female estrogenic eti/o cause etiology etionymous 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 4 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 faci/o face facial fasci/o fascia fasciectomy femor/o femur femoral femorocele fibr/o fibrous connective tissue fibromyalgia fibrosarcoma fibul/o fibula fibular flex/o to bend flexor flexible fluor/o luminous,fluorescence fluoroscopy follicul/o small glandular sacs follicular fung/o fungus,mushroom fungating tumor furc/o forking,branching furcal galact/o milk galactorrhea galactemia gangli/o ganglion ganglioastroblastoma ganglioastrocytoma gastr/o stomach gastrectomy gastrotomy gen/o generating,race genoblast genotype ger/o old man gerocomium geroderma geront/o old man gerontologist gerontopia gingiv/o gums gingivitis gingival glauc/o gray glaucoma gli/o glue neuroglial cells glioma glomerul/o glomerulus glomerular glomerulonephritis gloss/o tongue hypoglossal glossocele gluc/o sugar gluconeogenesisi glucagon glyc/o sugar hyperglycemia glycogen glycogen/o glycogen glycogenolysis gnos/o knowledge diagnosis prognosis gon/o seed gonorrhea gonadogenesis gonad/o sex glands(ovaries and testes) gonadotropin hypogonadism granul/o granules granulocyte granuloma gynec/o woman,female gynecology gynecomastia hallucin/o hallucination,to wander in the mind hallucinogen haph/o touch haphalgesia helminth/o worm,worm-shaped helminthiasis helminthism hem/o blood hematology hemolysis hemat/o blood hematoma hematocrit hemoglobin/o hemoglobin hemoglobinopathy hepat/o liver hepatitis hepatoma hered/o hereditarily heredoataxia heredofamilial herni/o hernia herniorrhaphy hidr/o sweat anhidrosis hist/o tissue histology antihistamine home/o sameness homeostasis humer/o humerus humeral hy/o U-shaped hyosternal hyothyroid hyal/o glass,transparent substance hyalomucoid hyaloplasm hydr/o water,fluid hydrocele hygr/o humidity,moisture hygrograph hygroma hypn/o sleep hypnotic hypnosis hypothalam/o hypothalamus hypothalamic hypothalamotomy hyps/i height hypsibrachycephalic hypsodont hyster/o uterus,womb hysterectomy hystereurysis iatr/o treatment iatrogenic ichthy/o scaly,dry(fish-like) ichthyosis idi/o individual,peculiar idiosyncrasy ile/o ileum ileocecal sphincter ileitis ili/o ilium(part of the pelvic bone) iliac immun/o protection immunology immunoglobulin in/o fibre initis inoblast 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 5 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 inguin/o groin inguinal insulin/o insulin hypoinsulinism insulinoma iod/o iodine tetraiodothyronine ir/o iris iritis irid/o iris iridic iridectomy is/o same,equal anisocytosis radioisotope isch/o(1) ischium ischial isch/o(2) to suppress ischemia ischoblennia jejun/o jejunum gastrojejunostomy choledochojejunostomy kal/I potassium hypokalemia kary/o nucleus karyotype karyenchyma kerat/o(1) hard,horny tissue keratosis kerat/o(2) cornea keratitis keratotomy ket/o ketone bodies ketosis ketoacidosis keton/o ketone bodies ketonuria kines/o movement bradykinesia kinesi/o movement kinesiology klept/o to steal kleptomania kyph/o humpback kyphosis labi/o lip labial lacrim/o tears lacrimal lacrimation lact/o milk lactogenesis lactation lal/o speech lalopathology laloplegia lambd/o lambdoid lambda lamin/o lamina laminectomy lapar/o abdomen,abdominal wall laparoscope laparospenectomy laryng/o larynx,laryngeal laryngopathy laryngotracheobronchi later/o side lateral lei/o smooth leiomyoblastoma leiomy/o smooth(visceral) muscle that lines leiomyoma leiomyosarcoma lept/o thin,slender leptomeningitis leptodermic leth/o death lethal nonlethal leuk/o white leukocyte leukopenia lex/o word,phrase dyslexia li/o smooth liodermia ligament/o ligament ligamentous lingu/o tongue sublingual lingua lip/o fat,lipid lipoma lipocele lith/o stone cholecystolithiasis lithosis lob/o lobe of the lung lobectomy lord/o curve,swayback lordosis lumb/o lower back,loins lumbosacral lumbar lymph/o lymph lymphopoiesis lymphedema lymphaden/o lymph node lymphadenopathy lymphadenitis lymphangi/o lymph vessel lymphangiogram malac/o soft malacosis malacotic malleol/o malleolus malleolar mamm/o breast mammal mammotroph mandibul/o lower jaw,mandible submandibular mandibular marcr/o large,long macromolecule macroamylasemia mast/o breast mastitis mastectomy mastoid/o mastoid process mastoiditis maxill/o maxilla(upper jaw bone) maxillary meat/o meatus meatal stenosis meatotomy medi/o middle medial mediodorsal mediastin/o mediastinum mediastinoscopy medic/o medical medicolegal medicopsychological 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 6 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 medull/o soft,inner part medullary tumor medulliadrenal meg/a large,great megakaryocyte megabacterium melan/o black melanocyte melanoma men/o menstrual flow menorrhagia dysmenorrhea mening/o membranes,meninges meningeal meningomyelocele meningi/o membranes,meninges meningioma ment/o mind mental metacarp/o metacarpals(hand bones) metacarpectomy metatars/o metatarsals(foot bones) metatarsalgia metr/o uterus metrorrhagia menometrorrhagia metri/o uterus perimetrium endometriosis mi/o smaller,less miosis mnem/o memory mnemic mnemonics mon/o one,single monocyte monoplegia morph/o shape,form morphology morphosis mort/o death mortal mortuary muc/o mucus mucocele mucopurulent mucos/o mucous membrane,mucosa mucositis mut/a genetic change mutation mutagen/o causing genetic change mutagenic my/o muscle myometrium myoneural myc/o fungus,mold dermatomycosis erythromycin mydr/o widen,enlarge mydriasis myel/o spinal cord,bone marrow myelogram poliomyelitis myocardi/o heart muscle myocardial myom/o muscle tumor myomectomy myomata myos/o muscle myositis myring/o eardrum,tympanic membrane myringotomy myringitis myx/o mucus myxedema myxosarcoma nan/o dwarf nanophthalmia nanosomia narc/o stupor narcotic narcoma nas/o nose paranasal sinuses nasogastric tube nat/i birth neonatal natality natr/i sodium hyponatremia natriuretic necr/o death(of cells or whole body) necropsy necrosis nephr/o kidney nephritis nephrology neur/o nerve neurology polyneuritis neutr/o neutral(neither base nor acid) neutropenia neutrocyte noct/I night nocturia noctovision norm/o rule,order normocyte normoblast nucle/o nucleus nucleic mononuclear nutr/i nourishing nutriology nutriment nyct/o night nyctalopia o/o egg oogenesis ooblast obstetr/o midwife obstetric obstetrics ocul/o eye intraocular oculogyria odont/o tooth orthodontist periodontist odyn/o pain crymodynia omodynia olecran/o olecranon(elbow) olecranal olfact/o to smell olfactology olfactometry olig/o scanty oliguria olighydria onc/o tumor oncology oncologist onych/o nail onycholysis onychomycosis oophor/o ovary bilateral oophorectomoophorocystectomy ophthalm/o eye ophthalmoscope ophthalmoplegia opt/o eye,vision optic optometrist optic/o eye,vision optician 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 7 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 or/o mouth oral orolingual orch/o testis,testicle orchotomy orchi/o testis,testicle anorchism orchiectomy orchid/o testis,testicle orchidoncus orchidotomy organ/o organ organogenesis orrh/o serum orrhodiagnosis orrhomeningitis orth/o straight,upright orthopnea orthodontist osm/o odor,smell osmesis osmidrosis ossicul/o ossicle ossiculoplasty oste/o bone osteooarthritis osteoarthritis ot/o ear otic otomycosis ov/o egg ovum ovari/o ovary ovarian ovul/o egg anovulatory ox/o oxygen hypoxia hyperoxia ox/y sharp,pointed,keen,quick oxycephaly oxytocic pach/y thick,dense pachyleptomeningitis pachydermoperiostosis palat/o palate palatoplasty palpebr/o eyelid palpebral pancreat/o pancreas pancreatitis pancreatotomy papill/o optic disc;nipple like papilledema papillary parasit/o parasite parasitemia parasiticide parathyroid/o parathyroid gland parathyroidectomy patell/a,patell/o patella patellapexy subpatellar path/o disease pathology pathologist pector/o chest expectoration ped/o child pediatric pedomorphism pelv/I pelvis(hip bone) pelvimetry pelvioscope pelv/o hip,pelvic cavity pelvic pericardi/o pericardium pericardiocentesis perine/o perineum perineorrhaphy perineoplasty peritone/o peritoneum peritonitis perone/o fibula peroneal phac/o lens of the eye phacoemulsification phacocele phag/o to eat,swallow phagocyte phak/o lens of the eye aphakia phalang/o phalanges(finger bones) phalangeal phalanx phaner/o visible,manifest,open phanerogenetic phaneroplasm pharmac/o chemical,drug pharmacokinetics pharmacology pharmaceut/o drug radiopharmaceutical pharyng/o throat pharyngeal pharyngalgia phil/o attraction to,love paraphilia phleb/o vein phlebotomy phlebitis phon/o voice dysphonia phonograph phor/o to bear oophoritis phot/o light photophobia phren/o(1) diaphragm phrenic nerve phrenohepatic phren/o(2) mind schizophrenia phrenotropic phys/o growing hypophysectomy phyt/o plant dermatophytosis phytodemic pil/o hair,hair follicle pilosebaceous pimel/o lard pimeloma pimelorrhea pituitar/o pituitary gland hypopituitarism plagi/o oblique,aslant plagiocephaly plagiotropism plant/o sole of the foot plantar flexion plas/o formation,development dysplastic plasm/o plasma,cytoplasm,protoplasm plasmodium plasmoptysis 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 8 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 plat/y flat,broad platycephaly platonychia ple/o many,more pleomorphic pleur/o pleura pleuritis pleural pne/o breath,to breathe pneodynamics pneograph pneum/o air,lung pneumothorax pneumectomy pneumon/o lungs pneumonoenteritis pneumonococcus poikil/o varied,irregular poikilocytosis poikiloblast poli/o gray poliomyelitis poliencephalitis polyp/o polyp polypoid tumor pont/o pons cerebellopontine pontobulbar poster/o back,behind posterior praxi/o action praxis praxiology presby/o old age presbyopia proct/o anus and rectum proctologist proctosigmoidectomy prostat/o prostate gland prostatitis prostatism prote/o protein proteolysin proteopexic proxim/o near proximal prurit/o itching antipruritic pseud/o false pseudotumor pseudoacromegaly psych/o mind pathology psychiatrist pub/o pubis(anterior part of the pelvic b pubic pulmon/o lungs pulmonary pulmonohepatic pupill/o pupil pupillary py/o pus pyuria pyocalix pyel/o renal pelvis pyelolithotomy pyelogram pykn/o close,compact,dense,thick pyknocyte pyknosis pylor/o anus and rectum pyloroplasty pyr/o fire,heat pyromania pyret/o fever antipyretic pyretogenesis radi/o x-rays radiology radiotherapy radicul/o nerve root(of spinal nerves) radiculopathy rect/o rectum rectoele ren/o kidney renal renography reticul/o network reticulocyte reticuloendothelial retin/o retina retinitis retinochoroid rhabd/o rod,stick,rodlike structure rhabdocyte rhabdomy/o skeletal(striated)muscle connected rhabdomyoma rhabdomyosarcoma rheumat/o watery flow rheumatologist rheumatism rhin/o nose rhinitis roentgen/o x-rays roentgenology rrhythm/o rhythm arrhythmia sacr/o sacrum sacral sagitt/o arrow sagittalis salping/o uterine tubes,oviducts,fallopian tu salpingectomy salpingopharyngeal sapr/o rotten saprobe saprophyte sarc/o flesh,connective tissue sarcoma osteosarcoma scapul/o scapula(shoulder bone) scapular schist/o cleft,divided schistorachis schistosomiasis schiz/o split schizophrenia schizocephalia scintill/o spark scintillation scanner scirrh/o hard scirrhous scler/o sclera corneoscleral scleritis scoli/o crooked,bent scoliosis scot/o darkness scotoma seb/o sebum seborrhea seborrhiasis sect/o to cut resection semin/I semen,seed seminiferous tubules seminal vesicles 2007-5-17陈艺伟 董为人 Roots(Combining forms) 第 9 页 Root(Combing form) Meaning Word1 Word2 seps/o infection antisepsis ser/o serum,serous seralbumin serodiagnosis sial/o saliva sialolith sialoductitis sialaden/o rectum sialadenectomy sider/o iron sideropenia sideroblast sigm/o C or S-shaped sigmoidosigmoidostomysigmoid sigmoid/o sigmoid colon sigmoidoscopy sin/o sinus,sinus cavity sinoatrial sinusitis sinus/o sinus,cavity sinusitis sit/o food,grain sitology sitomania somat/o body somatotropin somn/o sleep insomnia somnabulate son/o sound sonogram sperm/o spermatozoa,semen spermolytic oligospermia spermat/o spermatozoa,semen spermatoblast spher/o globe,round spherocytosis spherocephalus sphygm/o pulse sphygmomanometer sphygmogram spin/o flesh spinal spir/o(1) breathing spirometer expiration spir/o(2) coil,twist spirobacteria Spirochaeta spirill/o spirally curved elongate bacteria Spirillaceae spirillosis splen/o spleen splenomegaly splenectomy spondyl/o vertebra spondylitis spondylosis spor/o spore,seed sporocyst sporicide squam/o scale-like squamous epithelium squame staped/o stapes stapedectomy staphyl/o clusters staphylocoagulase staphylotomy stear/o fat,stearic acid steariform stearate steat/o fat steatorrhea steatolysis sten/o narrow,close,little stenocephalia stenopaic ster/o a type of chemical called steroid testosterone stere/o solid,solid body stereoagnosis stereoscope stern/o sternum(breast bone) sternal sternalgia steth/o chest stethoscope sthen/o strength sthenic sthenometry stomat/o mouth stomatitis st