为了正常的体验网站,请在浏览器设置里面开启Javascript功能!
首页 > HIV

HIV

2012-07-22 50页 ppt 14MB 31阅读

用户头像

is_526866

暂无简介

举报
HIVnull Retrovirus Retrovirus p. 394null I. Basic Properties: 1. +ss RNA, but double strands, three structure genes 2. Reverse transcriptase (RT) ...
HIV
null Retrovirus Retrovirus p. 394null I. Basic Properties: 1. +ss RNA, but double strands, three structure genes 2. Reverse transcriptase (RT) 3. Spherical, 100 nm or so 4. Replication: RNA+ cDNA(RNA:DNA hybrid) ds DNA   host DNA transcription RNA mRNA protein   assemble mature virus RTRNase HDDDPinsertionProvirusnullnullnucleuscytoplasmabuddingRetrovirus replicationnull II. Classification: Seven genera totally, but pathogenic to human are only 1. Deltaretrovirus: causing leukemia, such as Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus--- HTLV- I, II, V types 2. Lentivirinae: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) null I. Introduction: 1981. 6: 1st report in USA---Pneumocystis Carimi pneumonia (PCP), reported by Gottlieb, USA. 1981.7: Kaposi Sarcoma. 1982: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, definition of AIDS;HIV1st AIDS report in the world1st AIDS report in the worldMMWRMORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORTJune 5, 1981 / Vol. 30 / No. 21Pneumocystie Pneumonia –Los AngelesIn the period October 1980-May 1981, 5 young men, all active healthy treated for biopsy-confirmed Pneumocystis carinil Pneumonia at 3 different hospitals in Los Angeles, California. Two of the patient died. All 5 patients… …null 1983: Montagnier, (French)---LAV 1984: Gallo, (U.S.A)---HTLV-Ⅲ 1986: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, (HIV). HIV-1=HTLV-Ⅲ, LAV; (1984), world wide HIV-2 (1986), West Africa {null法国科学家弗朗索瓦丝-巴尔-西诺西 (Françoise Barré-Sinoussi) 法国科学家吕克-蒙塔尼 (Luc Montagnier)2008年诺贝尔医学奖得主nullLipid bilayerRNAHost componentsStructure of HIVintegrasenullproteinaseLipid bilayerRTStructure of HIVnullCross-section of HIV nullHIV genome and virion structurenull II. Epidemiology: 15000/day=1/6sec 1. Distribution: 1). AIDS Patients: 1981—2001.10 163 Countries reports: died 22 million. 2). HIV Carriers: 36million Africa: 25million U.S.A: 0.90million 3). CHINA: 1985—2003.10 AIDS Patients: 84208; 1141 died AIDS Carriers: 1 million. null2. Transmission: 1). infectious Sources: AIDS Patients; HIV Carriers; 2). infectious routes: (1) Sexual transmission (2) Infectious blood: Blood products, Syringes (drug abusers), Transplantation, etc. (3) Mother-baby born 3. General properties locality, young people (male>Female), homosexalnull III. HIV biological properties: 1. Genome: +ss RNA, 9 genes, 9.2-9.8kb Structure genes: po1:——enzymes(P66/P51, proteinase) gag:——Capsid(P24, P17, P7) env:——envelope (gP41, gP120, gp160) Regulatory genes: vif, vpu, vpr, tat, rev, nef; 2. Replication. Reverse transcription nullHIV-1/2 gene structure Genome organization nullgenomeproteinsGenome and proteins of HIVnullReplicative cycle of HIVnullnull3. Variation relative higher, especially in gP120 gene subtypes of HIV-1: M,O,N 3 groups M:11 subtypes 4. Resistance weak 56oC for 10 minutes room temperature for 7 daysnull IV. Pathogenesis (Clinical symptoms): long incubation; 100% died; HIV CD4 receptor ↓CCR5(MФ), CXCR4(T) CD4+T ; Mononucleus cell, Mφ; Neural cells ↓ Cell death CD4+T <200/mm3 ↓ Cellular Immunity↓ HIV transmission to central Nervous system, other monocyte, Mφ, NK…… nullnull Mechanisms of CD4+T : 1. direct kill by CTL 2. cells fusion 3. toxicity mediated by un-integrated DNA 4. apoptosis 5. cell damage by HIV release 6. cross-reaction by auto-antibbody null Symptoms: 1. Primary acute infection: 2. Asymptom incubation: 3. ARC: fever, weight↓, fatigue, diarrhea, lymphnode enlarged; 4. AIDS: *Opportunistic infection: Fungi, Bacteria, virus *Tumours: Kaposi’s sarcoma *Nerves symptoms: dementianull V. Diagnosis: 1. Anti-HIV (primary test and confirming test) IF+ELISA; Western blot+RIA. 2. Antigens, such as P24, RT 3. Isolation of HIV from blood. 4. HIV RNA : PCR, indicator---viral load 5. CD4+TRelationship of CD4+ and virus load-1Relationship of CD4+ and virus load-1(Lg )y=-0.0026x+4.9091 r=-0.6888 p<0.05Relationship of CD4+ and virus load-2Relationship of CD4+ and virus load-2nullCD4+ PBL4~6 weeksUp to 12 years2~3yearsplasmainfectionseroconversiondeathAnti-EnvAnti-P24HIV-specific CTLRNA copies in plasmaAsymptoms symptomsInfection dosenullVI. treatment and Control: 1. Treatmnet: Medicine: AZT. DDI. Vaccine: GP160. Gene therapy: 2. Control: health education blood; blood products; drug abuser sexual knowledge mother-baby born nullFirst NRTI appeared in in 1986 AZT 3TC,d4T,… First NNRTI appeared in 1994 Nevirapine First Protease Inhibitors(PIs) appeared in 1995 SaquinavirResearch on anti-HIV drugsNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NRTINucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NRTIAbacavir (Ziagen, ABC) Dedanosine (ddI, Videx) Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir) Stavudine (d4T, Zerit) Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) Zidovudine (ZDV; AZT, retrovir, azidothymidine) AZT and 3TC, Combivir ZDV+AZT+3TC,Trizivir Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NNRTINon-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NNRTIDelavirdine (Rescriptor) Efavirenz (Sustiva, STOCRIN) Nevirapine (Viramune) Protease Inhibitors, PIsProtease Inhibitors, PIsAmprenavir (Agenerase) Indinavir (Crixivan) Nelfinavir (Viracept) Retonavir (Norvir) Saquinavir (Invirase O-hard, Fortavase-soft) Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)NRTI PI/NNRTI AZT+3TC Indinavir AZT+DDI Lopinavir/Ritonavir d4T+3TC Nelfinavir d4T+ddI Ritonavir+Indinavir Efavirenz NNRTI PI Efavirenz IndinavirAlternative drugs for HAARTAlternative drugs for HAARTAZT+3TC+abc ddI+3TC / AZT+ddCAmprenavir Ritonavir Saquinavir(soft) Ritonavir+Saquinavir Delavirdine Nevirapine+nullREVIEWWhat are the laboratory examinations for HIV infection and AIDS, and how to do it? 2. Do you know the transmission ways for HIV, and which is the major way? 3. Please offer a brief proposal for human and government concerning that how to prevent HIV transmission or epidemic among the persons? Pneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumocystis: GMS stainPneumocystis: GMS stainToxo acute myocarditisToxo acute myocarditisCandida stomatitis(thrush)Candida stomatitis(thrush)Candida esophagitisCandida esophagitisCryptococcosisCryptococcosisCRYPTOSPORIDIOSISCRYPTOSPORIDIOSISHERPESHERPESHERPESHERPESHerpes inclusions (pneumonia)Herpes inclusions (pneumonia)Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDSKaposi’s sarcoma in AIDSnullKaposi’s sarcoma in AIDSnullnull千学万学学做真人有知识更要有文化有智慧更要有责任
/
本文档为【HIV】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。 本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。 网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
热门搜索

历史搜索

    清空历史搜索