1998年考研英语（一）试题

234大家版词典级31年考研英语真题及答案1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SctionIStructurandVocabularyPartADirctions:Bnathachofthfollowingsntncs,thrarfourchoicsmarkd[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosthonthatbstcompltsthsntnc.MarkyouranswronthANSWERSHEET1byblackningthcorrspondinglttrinthbracktswithapncil.(5points)Exampl:IhabntothGratWallthrtims1979.[A]from[B]aftr[C]for[D]sincThsntncshouldrad,“IhabntothGratWallthrtimssinc1979.”Thrfor,youshouldchoos[D].1.IworkdsolatinthofficlastnightthatIhardlyhadtimthlastbus.[A]tohacaught[B]tocatch[C]catchingB）[D]haingcaught2.Asitturndouttobasmallhousparty,wsoformally.[A]ndn’tdrssup[B]didnotndhadrssdup[C]didnotnddrssupD）[D]ndn’thadrssdup3.IapologizifIyou,butIassuryouitwasunintntional.[A]offnd[B]hadoffndd[C]shouldhaoffnddB）[D]mighthaoffndd4.Althoughatnagr,Frdcouldrsistwhattodoandwhatnottodo.[A]tobtold[B]haingbntold[C]bingtoldC）[D]tohabntold5.Gratrffortstoincrasagriculturalproductionmustbmadiffoodshortagaoidd.[A]istob[B]canb[C]willbA）[D]hasbn6.Doingyourhomworkisasurwaytoimproyourtstscors,andthisisspciallytruitcomstoclassroomtsts.[A]bfor[B]as[C]sincD）[D]whn7.Thraror100nightschoolsinthcity,makingitpossiblforaprofssionaltobrducatdnomattrhdos.[A]how[B]whr[C]whatC）[D]whn8.I’kptupafrindshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschooltwntyyarsago.[A]about[B]sinc[C]tillD）[D]with9.Hwasn’taskdtotakonthchairmanshipofthsocity,insufficintlypopularwithallmmbrs.[A]bingconsidrd[B]considring[C]tobconsidrdA）[D]haingconsidrd10.forthtimlyinstmntfromthgnralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbsothriingasitis.[A]Haditnotbn[B]Writnot[C]BitnotA）[D]ShoulditnotbPartBDirctions:Eachofthfollowingsntncshasfourundrlindpartsmarkd[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdntifythpartofthsntncthatisincorrctandmarkyouranswronANSWERSHEET1byblackningthcorrspondinglttrinthbracktswithapncil.(5points)Exampl:Anumbrof[A]forignisitorswrtakn[B]tothindustrialxhibition,which[C]thysaw[D]manynwproducts.Part[C]iswrong.Thsntncshouldrad,“Anumbrofforignisitorswrtakntothindustrialxhibition,whrthysawmanynwproducts.”Soyoushouldchoos[C].11.AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangsthatnhancq\o(aspcis’,\s\do14(A))abilityq\o(forsuriing,\s\do14(B))q\o(ar,\s\do14(C))naturallyslctdandpassdonq\o(tosuccding,\s\do14(D))gnrations.B）12.Nithrrainnorsnowq\o(kps,\s\do14(A))thpostmanfromdliringourlttrsq\o(which,\s\do14(B))wq\o(somuch,\s\do14(C))lookforwardq\o(torci,\s\do14(D)).D）13.Ifthyq\o(willnotaccpt,\s\do14(A))achck,wq\o(shallha,\s\do14(B))topayq\o(thcash,\s\do14(C)),thoughitq\o(wouldb,\s\do14(D))muchtroublforbothsids.C）14.q\o(Haingbn,\s\do14(A))robbdq\o(off,\s\do14(B))conomicimportanc,thosstatsarq\o(not,\s\do14(C))liklytocountforq\o(rymuch,\s\do14(D))inintrnationalpoliticaltrms.B）15.Thmssagq\o(willb,\s\do14(A))q\o(that,\s\do14(B))nithrthmarktnorthgornmntiscapablofdalingwithallofq\o(thir,\s\do14(C))uncontrollablq\o(practics,\s\do14(D)).C）16.Thlogicofscintificdlopmntisq\o(such,\s\do14(A))thatq\o(sparats,\s\do14(B))groupsofmnworkingq\o(on,\s\do14(C))thsamproblminq\o(farscattrd,\s\do14(D))laboratorisarliklytoarriatthsamanswratthsamtim.B）17.Ytnotallofthsracsarq\o(intllctualinfriorto,\s\do14(A))thEuropanracs,q\o(and,\s\do14(B))sommaynhaq\o(a,\s\do14(C))frshnssanditalitythatcanrnwthq\o(nrgis,\s\do14(D))ofmoradancdracs.A）18.q\o(Th,\s\do14(A))morthan50,000nuclarwaponsinthhandsofariousnationstodayarq\o(morthan,\s\do14(B))amplq\o(dstroying,\s\do14(C))rycityinthworldsraltimsq\o(or,\s\do14(D)).C）19.Thunirsworksinawaysofarq\o(rmo,\s\do14(A))fromwhatcommonsnsq\o(would,\s\do14(B))allowq\o(that,\s\do14(C))wordsofanykindmustncssarilybinadquattoxplainq\o(it,\s\do14(D)).A）20.Thintgrationofindpndntstatsq\o(couldbstb,\s\do14(A))broughtaboutbyq\o(first,\s\do14(B))cratingacntralorganizationq\o(withauthoritis,\s\do14(C))orq\o(tchnical,\s\do14(D))conomictasks.C）PartCDirctions:Bnathachofthfollowingsntncs,thrarfourchoicsmarkd[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosthonthatbstcompltsthsntnc.MarkyouranswronANSWERSHEET1byblackningthcorrspondinglttrinthbracktswithapncil.(10points)Exampl:ThlostcarofthLswasfoundinthwoodsoffthhighway.[A]anishd[B]scattrd[C]abandond[D]rjctdThsntncshouldrad,“ThlostcarofthLswasfoundabandondinthwoodsoffthhighway.”Thrfor,youshouldchoos[C].21.Thmachinndsacompltsincithasbninusforortnyars.[A]amnding[B]fitting[C]mndingC）[D]rnoating22.Thrwrmanypoplprsntandhappardonlyforafwsconds,soIonlycaughtaofhim.[A]glanc[B]glimps[C]lookB）[D]sight23.Idon’tthinkit’swisofyoutoyourgratrknowldginfrontofthdirctor,foritmayoffndhim.[A]showup[B]showout[C]showinD）[D]showoff24.Thrturnsinthshortmaybsmall,butoranumbrofyarsthinstmntwillbwllrpaid.[A]intral[B]rang[C]spanD）[D]trm25.Athoroughstudyofbiologyrquirswiththproprtisoftrsandplants,andthhabitofbirdsandbasts.[A]acquisition[B]discrimination[C]curiosityD）[D]familiarity26.Shworkdhardathrtaskbforshfltsurthatthrsultswouldhrlongffort.[A]justify[B]tstify[C]rctifyA）[D]rify27.I’mrygladtoknowthatmybosshasgnrouslyagrdtomydbtinrturnforcrtainsrics.[A]takaway[B]cutout[C]writoffC）[D]clarup28.Somjournalistsoftnorstatthsituationsothatthirnwsmaycratagrat.[A]xplosion[B]snsation[C]xaggrationB）[D]stimulation29.Accordingtowhatyouhajustsaid,amItoundrstandthathisnwpostnorsponsibilitywithitatall?[A]shouldrs[B]posssss[C]carrisC）[D]shars30.Somtimsthstudntmaybaskdtowritabouthistoacrtainbookorarticlthathassombaringonthsubjctbingstudid.[A]commnt[B]raction[C]imprssionB）[D]comprhnsion31.Plasyourslffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplacs,sincthlawforbidsthm.[A]rstrain[B]hindr[C]rstrictA）[D]prohibit32.Withouttlphonitwouldbimpossibltocarryonthfunctionsofrybusinssoprationinthwholcountry.[A]practically[B]prfrably[C]prcislyA）[D]prsumably33.Prliminarystimationputsthfigurataround$110billion,th$160billionthPrsidntisstrugglingtogtthroughthCongrss.[A]inproportionto[B]inrplyto[C]inrlationtoD）[D]incontrastto34.Hisplanninganothrtourabroad,ythispassportwillatthndofthismonth.[A]xpir[B]xcd[C]trminatA）[D]cas35.Allthoffshoroilxplorrswrinhighspiritsasthyradlttrsfromthirfamilis.[A]sntimntal[B]affctionat[C]intimatB）[D]snsiti36.Sralintrnationalntsintharly1990ssmliklyto,oratlastwakn,thtrndsthatmrgdinth1980s.[A]rolt[B]rol[C]rrsC）[D]ri37.Iwasunawarofthcriticalpointsinold,somychoicwasquit.[A]arbitrary[B]rational[C]mchanicalA）[D]unprdictabl38.Thlocalpoplwrjoyfullysurprisdtofindthpricofgtablsnolongraccordingtothwathr.[A]altrd[B]conrtd[C]fluctuatdC）[D]modifid39.Thpursuitoflisuronthpartofthmployswillcrtainlynotthirprospctofpromotion.[A]spur[B]furthr[C]inducB）[D]rinforc40.Inwhattoalastminutstayofxcution,acouncilannouncdthatmrgncyfundingwouldkpalitwoagingsatllits.[A]applis[B]accounts[C]attachsD）[D]amountsSctionIIClozTstDirctions:Forachnumbrdblankinthfollowingpassag,thrarfourchoicsmarkd[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosthbstonandmarkyouranswronANSWERSHEET1byblackningthcorrspondinglttrinthbracktswithapncil.(10points)UntilrcntlymosthistoriansspokrycriticallyofthIndustrialRolution.ThyEQ\X\BO(大41家)thatinthlongrunindustrializationgratlyraisdthstandardofliingforthEQ\X\BO(大42家)man.ButthyinsistdthatitsEQ\X\BO(大43家)rsultsduringthpriodfrom1750to1850wrwidspradportyandmisryforthEQ\X\BO(大44家)ofthEnglishpopulation.EQ\X\BO(大45家)contrast,thysawinthprcdinghundrdyarsfrom1650to1750,whnEnglandwasstillaEQ\X\BO(大46家)agriculturalcountry,apriodofgratabundancandprosprity.Thisiw,EQ\X\BO(大47家),isgnrallythoughttobwrong.SpcialistsEQ\X\BO(大48家)historyandconomics,haEQ\X\BO(大49家)twothings:thatthpriodfrom1650to1750wasEQ\X\BO(大50家)bygratporty,andthatindustrializationcrtainlydidnotworsnandmayhaactuallyimprodthconditionsforthmajorityofthpopulac.41.[A]admittd[B]blid[C]claimdA）[D]prdictd42.[A]plain[B]arag[C]manB）[D]normal43.[A]momntary[B]prompt[C]instantD）[D]immdiat44.[A]bulk[B]host[C]grossA）[D]magnitud45.[A]On[B]With[C]ForD）[D]By46.[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]gnrallyD）[D]compltly47.[A]howr[B]manwhil[C]thrforA）[D]moror48.[A]at[B]in[C]aboutB）[D]for49.[A]manifstd[B]approd[C]shownC）[D]spculatd50.[A]notd[B]imprssd[C]labldD）[D]markdSctionIIIRadingComprhnsionDirctions:Eachofthpassagsblowisfollowdbysomqustions.Forachqustionthrarfouranswrsmarkd[A],[B],[C]and[D].Radthpassagscarfullyandchoosthbstanswrtoachofthqustions.ThnmarkyouranswronthANSWERSHEET1byblackningthcorrspondinglttrinthbracktswithapncil.(40points)Txt1Fwcrationsofbigtchnologycapturthimaginationlikgiantdams.Prhapsitishumankind’slongsuffringatthmrcyoffloodanddroughtthatmaksthidaofforcingthwatrstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobfascinatdisalso,somtims,tobblind.Sralgiantdamprojctsthratntodomorharmthangood.Thlssonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbautiful.Itdosn’thlpthatbuildingabig,powrfuldamhasbcomasymbolofachimntfornationsandpoplstriingtoassrtthmsls.Egypt’sladrshipinthArabworldwascmntdbythAswanHighDam.Turky’sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludsthgiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstndnottoworkasintndd.ThAswanDam,forxampl,stoppdthNilfloodingbutdpridEgyptofthfrtilsiltthatfloodslftallinrturnforagiantrsroirofdisaswhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarlygnratslctricity.Andyt,thmythofcontrollingthwatrsprsists.Thiswk,inthhartofciilizdEurop,SloaksandHungariansstoppdjustshortofsndinginthtroopsinthircontntionoradamonthDanub.Thhugcomplxwillprobablyhaallthusualproblmsofbigdams.ButSloakiaisbiddingforindpndncfromthCzchs,andnowndsadamtoproitslf.Manwhil,inIndia,thWorldBankhasginthgoahadtothnmorwronghaddNarmadaDam.Andthbankhasdonthisnthoughitsadisorssaythdamwillcaushardshipforthpowrlssandnironmntaldstruction.Thbnfitsarforthpowrful,butthyarfarfromguarantd.Propr,scintificstudyofthimpactsofdamsandofthcostandbnfitsofcontrollingwatrcanhlptorsolthsconflicts.Hydrolctricpowrandfloodcontrolandirrigationarpossiblwithoutbuildingmonstrdams.Butwhnyouardalingwithmyths,itishardtobithrpropr,orscintific.ItistimthatthworldlarndthlssonsofAswan.Youdon’tndadamtobsad.51.ThthirdsntncofParagraph1implisthat.[A]poplwouldbhappyifthyshutthirystorality[B]thblindcouldbhappirthanthsightd[C]orxcitdpopltndtonglctitalthingsC）[D]fascinationmakspopllosthirysight52.InParagraph5,“thpowrlss”probablyrfrsto.[A]arasshortoflctricity[B]damswithoutpowrstations[C]poorcountrisaroundIndiaD）[D]commonpoplinthNarmadaDamara53.Whatisthmythconcrninggiantdams?[A]Thybringinmorfrtilsoil.[B]Thyhlpdfndthcountry.[C]Thystrngthnintrnationaltis.D）[D]Thyhaunirsalcontrolofthwatrs.54.Whatthauthortristosuggstmaybstbintrprtdas.[A]“It’snouscryingorspiltmilk”[B]“Morhast,lssspd”[C]“Lookbforyoulap”C）[D]“Hwholaughslastlaughsbst”Txt2Wll,nogainwithoutpain,thysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?ErywhryougoinAmrica,youhartalsofcorporatrial.Whatishardrtostablishiswhthrthproductiityrolutionthatbusinssmnassumthyarprsidingorisforral.Thofficialstatisticsarmildlydiscouraging.Thyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandsricstogthr,productiityhasgrownonaragby1.2%sinc1987.Thatissomwhatfastrthantharagduringthpriousdcad.Andsinc1991,productiityhasincrasdbyabout2%ayar,whichismorthantwicth197887arag.Thtroublisthatpartofthrcntacclrationisdutothusualrboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinsscycl,andsoisnotconclusiidncofarialinthundrlyingtrnd.Thris,asRobrtRubin,thtrasuryscrtary,says,a“disjunction”btwnthmassofbusinssancdotthatpointstoalapinproductiityandthpicturrflctdbythstatistics.Somofthiscanbasilyxplaind.Nwwaysoforganizingthworkplacallthatrnginringanddownsizingaronlyoncontributiontothorallproductiityofanconomy,whichisdrinbymanyothrfactorssuchasjointinstmntinquipmntandmachinry,nwtchnology,andinstmntinducationandtraining.Moror,mostofthchangsthatcompanismakarintnddtokpthmprofitabl,andthisndnotalwaysmanincrasingproductiity:switchingtonwmarktsorimproingqualitycanmattrjustasmuch.Twoothrxplanationsarmorspculati.First,somofthbusinssrstructuringofrcntyarsmayhabninptlydon.Scond,nifitwaswlldon,itmayhaspradmuchlsswidlythanpoplsuppos.LonardSchlsingr,aHarardacadmicandformrchifxcutiofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakrycafs,saysthatmuch“rnginring”hasbncrud.Inmanycass,hblis,thlossofrnuhasbngratrthanthrductionsincost.Hiscollagu,MichalBr,saysthatfartoomanycompanishaapplidrnginringinamchanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgiingsufficintthoughttolongtrmprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosnshinisbluntr.Hdismisssalotofthworkofrnginringconsultantsasmrrubbish“thworstsortofambulancchasing.”55.Accordingtothauthor,thAmricanconomicsituationis.[A]notasgoodasitsms[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbttrthanitsmsA）[D]nartocompltrcory56.Thofficialstatisticsonproductiitygrowth.[A]xcludthusualrboundinabusinsscycl[B]fallshortofbusinssmn’santicipation[C]mtthxpctationofbusinsspoplB）[D]failtorflctthtrustatofconomy57.Thauthorraissthqustion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”bcaus.[A]hqustionsthtruthof“nogainwithoutpain”[B]hdosnotthinkthproductiityrolutionworks[C]hwondrsifthofficialstatisticsarmisladingB）[D]hhasconclusiidncforthrialofbusinsss58.WhichofthfollowingstatmntsisNOTmntiondinthpassag?[A]Radicalrformsarssntialforthincrasofproductiity.[B]Nwwaysoforganizingworkplacsmayhlptoincrasproductiity.[C]Thrductionofcostsisnotasurwaytogainlongtrmprofitability.A）[D]Thconsultantsarabunchofgoodfornothings.Txt3Scinchaslonghadanunasyrlationshipwithothraspctsofcultur.ThinkofGallilo’s17thcnturytrialforhisrbllingblifbforthCatholicChurchorpotWilliamBlak’sharshrmarksagainstthmchanisticworldiwofIsaacNwton.Thschismbtwnscincandthhumanitishas,ifanything,dpndinthiscntury.Untilrcntly,thscintificcommunitywassopowrfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoritscriticsbutnolongr.Asfundingforscinchasdclind,scintistshaattackd“antiscinc”insralbooks,notablyHighrSuprstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistatthUnirsityofVirginia,andNormanLitt,amathmaticianatRutgrsUnirsity;andThDmonHauntdWorld,byCarlSaganofCornllUnirsity.Dfndrsofscinchaalsooicdthirconcrnsatmtingssuchas“ThFlightfromScincandRason,”hldinNwYorkCityin1995,and“ScincinthAgof(Mis)information,”whichassmbldlastJunnarBuffalo.Antiscincclarlymansdiffrntthingstodiffrntpopl.GrossandLittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophrsandothracadmicswhohaqustiondscinc’sobjctiity.Saganismorconcrndwiththoswhobliinghosts,crationismandothrphnomnathatcontradictthscintificworldiw.Asuryofnwsstorisin1996ralsthatthantiscinctaghasbnattachdtomanyothrgroupsaswll,fromauthoritiswhoadocatdthliminationofthlastrmainingstocksofsmallpoxirustoRpublicanswhoadocatddcrasdfundingforbasicrsarch.FwwoulddisputthatthtrmapplistothUnabombr,whosmanifsto,publishdin1995,scornsscincandlongsforrturntoaprtchnologicalutopia.Butsurlythatdosnotmannironmntalistsconcrndaboutuncontrolldindustrialgrowtharantiscinc,asanssayinUSNwsWorldRportlastMaysmdtosuggst.Thnironmntalists,initably,rspondtosuchcritics.Thtrunmisofscinc,argusPaulEhrlichofStanfordUnirsity,apionrofnironmntalstudis,arthoswhoqustionthidncsupportingglobalwarming,thdpltionofthozonlayrandothrconsquncsofindustrialgrowth.Indd,somobsrrsfarthatthantiscincpithtisindangrofbcomingmaninglss.“Thtrm‘antiscinc’canlumptogthrtoomany,quitdiffrntthings,”notsHarardUnirsityphilosophrGraldHoltoninhis1993workScincandAntiScinc.“Thyhaincommononlyonthingthatthytndtoannoyorthratnthoswhorgardthmslsasmornlightnd.”59.Thword“schism”(Lin4,Paragraph1)inthcontxtprobablymans.[A]confrontation[B]dissatisfaction[C]sparationC）[D]contmpt60.Paragraphs2and3arwrittnto.[A]discussthcausofthdclinofscinc’spowr[B]showthauthor’ssympathywithscintists[C]xplainthwayinwhichscincdlopsD）[D]xmplifythdiisionofscincandthhumanitis61.Whichofthfollowingistruaccordingtothpassag?[A]Enironmntalistswrblamdforantiscincinanssay.[B]Politiciansarnotsubjcttothlablingofantiscinc.[C]Th“mornlightnd”tndtotagothrsasantiscinc.A）[D]Taggingnironmntalistsas“antiscinc”isjustifiabl.62.Thauthor’sattitudtowardthissuof“scincs.antiscinc”is.[A]impartial[B]subjcti[C]biasdA）[D]puzzlingTxt4Emrgingfromth1980cnsusisthpicturofanationdlopingmorandmorrgionalcomptition,aspopulationgrowthinthNorthastandMidwstrachsanarstandstill.ThisdlopmntanditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandconomyinyarsahadhasnthrondthSouthasAmrica’smostdnslypopulatdrgionforthfirsttiminthhistoryofthnation’shadcounting.Altogthr,thUSpopulationrosinth1970sby23.2millionpoplnumricallyththirdlargstgrowthrrcorddinasingldcad.Enso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4prcnt,lowstinAmricanannualrcordsxcptforthDprssionyars.AmricanshabnmigratingsouthandwstinlargrnumbrssincWorldWarII,andthpattrnstillprails.ThrsunbltstatsFlorida,TxasandCaliforniatogthrhadnarly10millionmorpoplin1980thanadcadarlir.Amonglargcitis,SanDigomodfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10thwithCllandandWashington.D.C.,droppingoutofthtop10.Notallthatshiftcanbattributdtothmomntoutofthsnowblt,cnsusofficialssay.Nonstopwasofimmigrantsplaydarol,tooandsodidbiggrcropsofbabisasystrday’s“babyboom”gnrationrachditschildbaringyars.Moror,dmographrssthcontinuingshiftsouthandwstasjoindbyarlatdbutnwrphnomnon:Morandmor,Amricansapparntlyarlookingnotjustforplacswithmorjobsbutwithfwrpopl,too.Sominstancs—Rgionally,thRockyMountainstatsrportdthmostrapidgrowthrat37.1prcntsinc1970inaastarawithonly5prcntofthUSpopulation.Amongstats,NadaandArizonagrwfaststofall:63.5and53.1prcntrspctily.ExcptforFloridaandTxas,thtop10inratofgrowthiscomposdofWstrnstatswith7.5millionpoplabout9prsquarmil.Thflightfromorcrowddnssaffctsthmigrationfromsnowblttomorbarablclimats.Nowhrdo1980cnsusstatisticsdramatizmorthAmricansarchforspaciousliingthaninthFarWst.Thr,Californiaaddd3.7milliontoitspopulationinth1970s,morthananyothrstat.Inthatdcad,howr,largnumbrsalsomigratdfromCalifornia,mostlytoothrpartsofthWst.OftnthychosandstillarchoosingsomwhatcoldrclimatssuchasOrgon,IdahoandAlaskainordrtoscapsmog,crimandothrplagusofurbanizationinthGoldnStat.Asarsult,California’sgrowthratdroppdduringth1970s,to18.5prcntlittlmorthantwothirdsth1960s’growthfigurandconsidrablyblowthatofothrWstrnstats.63.Discrndfromthprplxingpicturofpopulationgrowthth1980cnsusproidd,Amricain1970s.[A]njoydthlowstntgrowthofpopulationinhistory[B]witnssdasouthwstrnshiftofpopulation[C]undrwntanunparallldpriodofpopulationgrowthB）[D]broughttoastandstillitspattrnofmigrationsincWorldWarII64.Thcnsusdistinguishditslffrompriousstudisonpopulationmomntinthat.[A]itstrsssthclimaticinflunconpopulationdistribution[B]ithighlightsthcontributionofcontinuouswasofimmigrants[C]itralsthAmricans’nwpursuitofspaciousliingC）[D]itlaboratsthdlaydffctsofystrday’s“babyboom”65.Wcansfromthaailablstatisticsthat.[A]CaliforniawasoncthmostthinlypopulatdarainthwholUS[B]thtop10statsingrowthratofpopulationwralllocatdinthWst[C]citiswithbttrclimatsbnfitdunanimouslyfrommigrationD）[D]Arizonarankdscondofallstatsinitsgrowthratofpopulation66.Thword“dmographrs”(Lin1,Paragraph8)mostprobablymans.[A]poplinfaorofthtrndofdmocracy[B]adocatsofmigrationbtwnstats[C]scintistsngagdinthstudyofpopulationC）[D]consratisclingingtooldpattrnsoflifTxt5Scattrdaroundthglobarmorthan100smallrgionsofisolatdolcanicactiityknowntogologistsashotspots.Unlikmostofthworld’solcanos,thyarnotalwaysfoundatthboundarisofthgratdriftingplatsthatmakuptharth’ssurfac;onthcontrary,manyofthmlidpinthintriorofaplat.Mostofthhotspotsmoonlyslowly,andinsomcassthmomntofthplatspastthmhaslfttrailsofdadolcanos.Thhotspotsandthirolcanictrailsarmilstonsthatmarkthpassagofthplats.Thatthplatsarmoingisnowbyonddisput.AfricaandSouthAmrica,forxampl,armoingawayfromachothrasnwmatrialisinjctdintothsafloorbtwnthm.Thcomplmntarycoastlinsandcrtaingologicalfatursthatsmtospanthocanarrmindrsofwhrthtwocontinntswroncjoind.Thrlatimotionofthplatscarryingthscontinntshasbnconstructdindtail,butthmotionofonplatwithrspcttoanothrcannotradilybtranslatdintomotionwithrspcttotharth’sintrior.Itisnotpossibltodtrminwhthrbothcontinntsarmoinginoppositdirctionsorwhthroncontinntisstationaryandthothrisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchordinthdprlayrsoftharth,proidthmasuringinstrumntsnddtorsolthqustion.FromananalysisofthhotspotpopulationitapparsthatthAfricanplatisstationaryandthatithasnotmodduringthpast30millionyars.Thsignificancofhotspotsisnotconfindtothirrolasaframofrfrnc.Itnowapparsthatthyalsohaanimportantinflunconthgophysicalprocsssthatproplthplatsacrossthglob.Whnacontinntalplatcomtorstorahotspot,thmatrialrisingfromdprlayrscratsabroaddom.Asthdomg