运动训练学

运动训练学 运学动动动动 1.动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技体育是体育的重要成部分,是以体育主要特征,以 造异运成,取比主要目的社会体育活动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动. 2.动动动技体育形成的基本因:一是生物学因素,人了更好地提高自身活能力而逐动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动步形成技体育,二是个性心理因素,人的:取和抗动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 的本能:及:追求手:的机推了技运的形成,三是社动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动会学因素,人逐到技体育在培,教育动动动动动动动动动动动动动动及美等方面的功能,因动动动动动动动动动动此推了技体育的展动动动动动动动动动. 3.动动动动动动动动动动动动代技体育展的百年回1动动动动动动技体育在世界范广泛展2建立相完善的管理体制动动动动3运活日益活动动动动动动动动动?动代奥运会百年盛世?运技水平及运科学化动动动动动动动动动动动动动水平不断提高?动动动动动动动动动动动动动技体育展的化与商化 4.动技体育构成:1运材动动动动2运动动动3运动动动?动技体育管理 5.动技体育的特点:1动争性2动范性3公性动动?公平性?集群性?动动性 6.动动动动动动动动动技运的代社会价:1激励人的自我斗精神动动动动动动动动2动动动动动足社会生活的需要3促社动动会大众的体育参与?动动动动动动动动示国家和社会体的合力?促社会和动动动动动动动动的迅速展?排除社会成的不良心动动动动动动 7.运学是技体育的重要成部分,是提高运的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 技能力和运成,在教的指下,的有划的体育活动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动. 8.动动动动动动动动动代运的基本特点:1动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动目的一性与途径的多元性2动动动动技能力构的整体性与各子能力之的互性动动动动动3运程的性与施的段性动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动?不同动动动荷影响下机体的适性及劣性动动动动动动?动动动动动动控的必要性及性?动动代科技支持的全面性及向性 9.运学研究的主要目的在于动动动动动动动动动动动动动:揭示运活的普遍律,指各动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动运践,使各的活建立在科学的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动理基动动动之上,努力提高的科学动动动动动化水平. 10.运学的主要任动动动动动动动动动动:1从众多的践中出有普遍意的共性律动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动2深入探索未被人所和不十分清楚的运律动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动3动动动动动动动一健全运理和步 内容体系?广泛吸取代科技成果和多学科的理与,用动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动于运学的理研究与践用之中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动?运用一般运学的基本理指动动动动动动动动动动动各践动动动动动动. 11.动动动动动动动动动动群理的基本内容:a各群的形成和展动动动动动动动动b各群技能力决定因素的动动动动动动动动动动动系动c各群运成的系分析动动动动动动动动动动动d各群的基本特点，荷内容与量动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动度,与控制,动动动动动动动动 12.动动动动动动动动动动群理的科学意:A动动动动动动动动动动动动动明地概括了同一群不同目的共同律。B加运强动动动理与践的系。动动动动动动动动C动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动了学理原有次之的有机渡。 13.运成的决定因素动动动动动动动动:a运在比中表的技水平。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动B动动动动动动动手在比中表的技水平。C比果的定行。动动动动动动动动动 14.动技能力:即指运的参能力。由具有不同表形式和不动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动同作用的体能、技能、能力、运智能以及心理能力所构成,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动并合地表于技的程中。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 运能力动动动:人体从事体育活的能力。动动动动动 运水平动动动:运在程中所达到的技能力的水平称做水动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动平,反映着中运技能力的展程度。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 15.状断在中的重要作用动动动动动动动动动动动动:a动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动运程确定一个客、准的出点。B动动动动动动动动动动工作效果及的价。C动动动动动动动动动动动施有效控制的重要前提。 16.建立目在中的重要作用动动动动动动动动动动:a有效地激运活主体的任感和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动取精神。B制定划的重要依据。动动动动动动动动动动 17.起始状的断包括动动动动动动:运成断、技能力断、荷断。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动18.动动动动动目包括:运成指、技能力指、运荷指。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 19.动动动律:是运系内部各构成因素之,以及它与系动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动外部各相因素之在构与功能上的本系和展的必然。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动律中有普遍意的基本律又称原理。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动原是依据运活的客律而确定的运所必 遵循的基本准,是运活客律的反映,运践具有普遍指意。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 20.指运践的原动动动动动动动动动动动动:动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技需要原、机激励原、有效控制原、系原、周期安排原、适宜荷原、区待动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 原、直教原、适恢原。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 21.动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动技需要原即指提高运技能力及运成的需要,从 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动出科学安排的段划分及的内容、方法、手段和荷等因素的原。 动动动动动动动技需要原的科学基:a动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动目活的重要向作用。B动动动技需要的特异性。C动动动动动动动动动动动动代的化展向。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动穿技需要原的学要点:a要运的基本目,全面安排动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动好和比。动动动动动动B正确分析技能力的构特点。动动动动动动动动动动动动C按照动动动动动动动动技的需要确定荷内容和手段。D注意荷内容的合理构。动动动动动动动动动动 22.动动机激励原:是指通动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动多方法和途径,激运主从事苦的机和行的原。动动动动动动动动动动动 科学基动:a成功机是运参的重要原力动动动动动动动动动动动动动b动动动动动动动动动动动动动技的期性和苦性要求不断地激励运的参机。动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动穿机激励原的学要点:a加目的性教育和正确价教育。强动动动动动动动B动动动动足运的合理的需要。C动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动运参与和比的趣。D动动动动动动动动动动动动运在工作中的主体作用。E注意教的动动动动动动动榜作用f注意正确地运用力。动动动 23.有效控制原:动是指要求运活施有效控制的原。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 科学基动:a运程的多性要求动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动其施有效的控制。B动动动动动动代控制是施有效控制的理基。动动动动动动动动动动C动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动信息是施有效控制的必条件。 动动学要点:a制定科学的划。动动动动动B高度重划行必要的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动修正和整。C及划在践动动动动动动动动动中更的原因,期动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动望及方法的最大流表。 24.系原动动动动动:是指持地、循动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动序地程的原。 科学基动:a人体生物适的期性。动动动动动动B动动动动动动动动动效的不定性。C人体生物适的段性。动动动动动动 动动学要点:A保持的系性，动动动动动动动a健全多体制。动动动动动动B建立和化正确的机。强动动动动动C科学地制定划动动动动d提供有力的社会保动动动。,B按段性特点程。动动动动动动动动动动动动25.周期安排原:动是指周期性地程的原。动动动动动动动动动动动动 科学基动:A物运周期性的普遍律。动动动动动动动动动动动动B人体技能力化的周期性特征。动动动动动动动动动动动动动C适宜比动条件出的周期性特征。动动动动动动动动 动动学要点:a掌握各周期的动动动动动动动动动序列构。B动动动动适宜的周期型。C动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动理好决定周期的固定因素与异因素的系。D注意周期之的动动动动动接。26.不同周期及动动动动动动动动动动动其主要任。A基本周动动动:通动动动动动动动动动动动荷的改引起新的生物适动动动动动动动动动动动动动动象提高运的技能力。B动动动动前周:使运的机体适比的要动动动动动动动动动动动求和条件把各技能力集中到上动动动动动动动动动动动动动去。C比周动动:动动动动动动动动动动运在各方面培理想的技状直动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动接的准和最后的整,并参加比力求期目。D恢周动动:消除运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动生理上和心理上的疲,促适量恢的出,准投入新的。 27.适宜荷原动动动动:是指根据运的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动可能和人体机能的适宜律,以及提高运技能力的需要,在中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动予相量度的荷,以取得理想动动动动动动动动效果的原。 动科学基:a适宜荷下机体的生物适动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动象。B动动渡荷下机体的劣动动动动象。 动动学要点:A正确理解动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动荷的构成，荷量的价指、动动动动动动动荷度的价指。,强B动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动式地增加荷量度，直式、梯式、波浪式、跳式,C科学地探求荷量度的界动动动动动动动动动只。D建立科学的断系。动动动动动E正确理荷与恢的系。动动动动动动动动动动动28.区待原动动动动动:是指于不同,不同运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动或不同的状,不同任及不同的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动条件,都有区地安排各自相 的程,相的内容,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动予相荷的原。 动科学基:a运动动动动技需要的多性。动动动B运个人特点的多性动动动动动动动动动动c运特点的多性。动动动动动动动动动动 动动学要点:a动穿区待原所需动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动注意的因素，运、象、条件,b正确理中动动动动动共性与个性的系动动c教要及准确地动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动掌握运的具体情况。 29.直教原动动动动动:是指在运中运用多直手段,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动通运的器官,激活的形动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动象思,建立正确的作表象,培运的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动察能力和思能力,提高运技水平的原。 动科学基:a动动动动程的普遍律。B动作技能形成原理。 动动学要点:a教高度重直教原的运用。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动B注意动用科学技的动新成果。C注意直教与动动动动动动动动动动动动动动极思的有机合。 30.适恢原动动动动动:是指及动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动消除运在中所生的疲,并通生物适程生动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动超量恢,提高机体能力的原。 动科学基:a人体机能能力和能量动动动动动动的超量恢机制。B动动动动动动动动动动动动动动机的把握效果的重要影响。 动动学要点:a准确判疲动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的程度，自我感,外部察,生理、心理,b动动动动极采取加速机体恢的适宜。，学恢手段、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动医学生物学恢手段、学恢 手段、心理学恢手段,动动动动31。运方法动动动动动:是运活中,提高技运动动动动动动动动动动动动动水平完成任的途径和法。动动动动动动动动动动动 32.运方法的作用动动动动动动动动:正确地和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动掌握不同方法的功能和特点。有助于动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动利地完成运程不同期的任,有助于有效地控制能力的展程,有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助于科学地提高不同目运的整体技能力。33.运方法的基本构动动动动动动动动动动:a动动动动动动动作及其合方式b运荷及动动动动动动动动动其化方式c动程安排及其动动动动化方式d信息媒体及其动动动动方式e外部条件及其动动动动动化方式。 34.运方法的分动动动动动动动动:A整体控制方法，模式法、程动动动动动动动动动动序法,B具体操作方法，完整法、分动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动解法、持法、歇法、重法、 动动动动动动动动动动动动法、循法、比法, 35.运手段动动动动动:是指在运程中,以提高动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动某一技运能力,完成某一具体的任所动动动动动动动动动动动动动采用的身体。 36.运手段的作用动动动动动动动动:科学地和用不同手段的功效和特点,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动有助于科学地完成运程不同期的具体任。有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助于科学地提高不同运目运的各技能力。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 37.运手段的作构动动动动动动动动动动:基本构动动:A动作特征,力的支点、力的大小、力的方向。B动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动作构成,姿、迹、、速度、速率、力量、奏C动动动动动动动动动动作程,作始、作行、作动动动动动动动动束。 38.运手段的分动动动动动动动动:依目的，展体能的手段、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动改技的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动手段、提高能力的手段、改善心理状的手段,,依手段的效果能力的影响，一般手段、手动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 段,,依在活中的用价，基本手段、动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助手段,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动作构，一作构,周期性、混合型,多元作构,固定性、异性,39.模式法动动动:是一按具有高度代表性的范式目动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模型的要求和动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动把握运程的控制性方法。 操作程序:a解析影响运技水平的各因素。动动动动动动动动动动动B动动动动动取各影响因素的指参数。C建立影响运技水平的因素构动动动动动动动动动动动动动模型d以因素构动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模型的价准数定准运技水平化的构状行段性定。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动E将动动动动动动动动动定的果反于运程的各个,以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动找出生偏离状的原因。F动动动动动动动动动动动运程相的动动动动动动动动动动施出指令。G改动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动工作,使的段果不断逼近模式目。 模式法由的目动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模型、手段、定准、和方法四构件成。 模式法的特点动动动动动动:具有信息化特点、具体定量化特点。 模式法的用程动动动动动动动动:教指动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,模型、手段,运,信息,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动定果,控信息,教指。 40.程序动动动动原:是按照动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程的序性和内容的系性特点,将多内容有序且动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动性地制成程序,按照定程序活,程施科学控 制的方法。 动动,基本构:动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程序、手段、定准、方法。 ,基本特点:系动化特点、定性化特点、程序化特点。 动动动动,,用程:动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程序、手段,运,定准,教指动动动――动动动动动动动动动动,程序、手段。 41.分解动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动法是指完整的技作或配合程合理分成若干或动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动部分,然后按或部分分行的方法。