高考英语七选五

高考英语七选五 高考英语总复习:“七选五”题型 “七选五”题型的命题分析 现在，全国多个省市都采用“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为:给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。” 阅读理解选择题部分的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。 该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。 七选五的考查要点 这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。 不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。 七选五的解题步骤 1)在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是 1 主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。 2)边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。 3)在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。 七选五的解题策略 1)从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。 2)从词汇上锁定线索 做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的。 2 3)从关联词上查找 由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因 此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。 在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联 词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前 后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在 举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。常见的关联词有下 面这些: (a)并列与递进关系:and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more (b)因果关系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course (c)转折让步关系:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of (d)时间关系:afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。 5. 根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 (a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他 相关的词，推断出主题句。 (b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然 后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔 接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。 (c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案 3 与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 2)如果问题在段尾 (a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 (b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 (c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 (d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。 (e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 (f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 3)如果问题是一整个自然段 (a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 (b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 (c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。 例题分析: 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 4 选项。 Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 73 ( The following methods may work best for you. ?Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. ?Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. ?Write your notes in your own words. ? 74 ( ?Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 75 ( A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 思路分析: 这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立的语义单位，各 段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构。 第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、 用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲 述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的 5 整体方向。 第一段的第一句“Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways”与下面几句是解释关系，解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句 子解释、引申、例证，使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句 之间处于平等并列地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的 语段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。 第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺 序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随 意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的 语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关 系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之间是总分 关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们 加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，条分缕析，如 “Whenever or however you take notes”一句与前两句前呼后应，彼此配合，为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. ”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。 第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。 第四段的最后两句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比 或对照的意思。 答案:GEFAD 一(2014辽宁卷) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: • Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. 6 • Protect against UV rays(紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 • Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. • 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. • Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition. A. Eat your greens. B. Eye care should begin early in life. C. They can properly protect your eyes. D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E. Parents usually don’t cane about their own eyesight. F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 二、根据短文内容，从下框的A—F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。 选项中有 一项为多余选项。 A. Adults keep pets with their children. B. Pet-keeping has a very long history. C. Pet-keeping may do harm to animals. D. People keeps pets for their aesthetic need. E. Caged pets become increasingly popular. F. Pet-keeping is helpful for children’s growth. 61. Pet-keeping is a time-honored tradition. One of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness. While people in the past hunted animals and kept them in their backyards, the civilized man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative(利用的). 7 62. We keep animals as pets because they are attractive. We all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic(审美的)value, and this is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture. Keeping pets is one form of this urge. A Siamese cat in the house can be a decorative object. Pets are playful animals and they amuse us. A little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs. 63. Many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. Having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. Children get the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creature’s life. It will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. There are psychological benefits for children. Pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely. Pets are excellent companions. Keeping pets means giving love and being loved. We find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return. We get pleasure from their appearance and their behavior. 64. As more people move into apartments, there are limitations on keeping of animals like dogs and monkeys. Therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity. Birds fall into this group. We keep them for their beautiful songs and feathers. Fish-keeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe their behavior in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle. The cat is a fine house pet and it fits neatly into human habitation(居住地) without requiring its own cage. They are wonderful hunters, if there are rats around. 65. Pets satisfy man’s desire to care for a bit of nature. The pet owner has the responsibility for supplying those needs that nature provides. Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment. Are we not enslaving(奴 役)them? 三(2014浙江卷) 第二节:下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第61,65题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、 D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一 项是多余选项。 A. Time can run out. 8 B. Tomorrow won’t be better. C. Ideas need time to develop. D. Your professor will be impatient. E. You blow off your chances for help. F. You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain. Never Put off Tomorrow What You Can Do Today Want to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldn’t? But it’s still a silly idea to put off doing something until a future time. Here is why .... 61. __________ The task will be still the same. It won’t be any more fun and you still won’t want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you haven’t started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure. 62. __________ Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? You’re probably miscalculating. Get started—maybe on a small piece—and you will discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You won’t experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed—100 percent— to get better. 63. __________ If you leave your work before the night before it’s due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice—or at least a few useful tips— during office hours. Unfortunately, though, they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade. 64. __________ Ever wonder why the professor assigns the papers two weeks before it’s due? It’s because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it. 65. __________ If you put things off at the last minute, you might find that you haven’t budgeted 9 enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. It’s the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it’ll take to do all the work especially when new issues arise—like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things—as you’re thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you don’t allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment. 四、第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____36__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____37___ Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___38___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. ____39____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____40___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. 10 F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 11