提前退休，还是延迟退休？

提前退休，还是延迟退休？ 提前退休，还是延迟退休, Opinion ShanghaisinceOctober1hasbeenofferingurbanworkerstheoptionofapplyingtopostponet heir retirement.Underthelocalgovernmentspolicy,mencanpostponetheirretirementuntiltheyt urn65, upfrom60underthecityspreviousretirementpolicy.Womenarenowpermittedtoworkuntilt hey turn60,upfr0m50.Istheflexibleretirementpolicyagoodidea?Doyouwanttoretireearlyorlat e? }~10,E]IFI起,上海将实施柔性延迟办理申领基本养老金手续.上海市人保局称,上海将男性的退休年龄从60岁延迟到65岁,女性从5O 岁延迟到60岁.对么看的? ShouldOneRetireEarlyorLate? 提前退休,还是延迟退休? LiuBohong,DeputyDirector—Genera andResearcheratWomensStudies lnstituteofChina Isupportpostponingretirement.China'sfirst retirementpolicywasissuedinthe1950s whenIireexpectancywasapproximately40 years.TheretirementpoIicythatwehave nowwasimplementedabout30yearsago,in 1978.whenChinesepeople'sIifeexpectancv wasnotaslongasitisatpresent. Durinqthe2005census,asamPleof1 percentoftheChinesepopulationindicated theaverageIifeexpectancyofChinesepeople hadreached73.andthatwomense expectancywas77.In2002.peopleremained healthyuntiItheywere62onaverageNow, theyarecapableofworkingandshouldhave therighttoworkandtoparticipateinsociety. Theageofretirementshouldchanaein accordancewithhowlongpeoplestay healthyPeoplestayhealthymuchlonger whenthenationaleconomydevelopsand theirquaIityofIifemprovesso1thinkwe shouldadoptaflexibleretirementpolicy. Manyretjrees.especiaIIYtechniciansand professionals,wilIfindotherworkafterthey retire.Theymayretirefromtheirprevious iobs,buttheydonotstopworkingWecould justadoptaflexibleretirementaqeandmake fulIuseofthehumanresources Ihavebeenconductingresearchinthisarea, andIhavebeenexaminingwomenworkers, womentechniciansandwomencadres.With theexceptionofwomenworkers,mostother subjectsprefertoretireatthesameage--—— 60——astheirmalecounterparts.Menand 10,《澄_. womenshouldbeallowedtoretireafterthey workfor30years,or25years.Aflexible retirementpolicycouldprotectanindividuals righttoemploymentandaIve廿1emariqhtto chooseforthemselves. Somewomenworkersdonotwantto postponeretirementbecauseeithertheir companiesarenotprofitableortheirjobs requiremuchphysicalstrength.Ifonecan get1,100yuan(US$162)inold—agepension, whilehisorhermonthlyincomeatworkis only900yuan(US$132),alloftheworkers, regardlessofgende~willwanttoretireearly. Womenworkerslnprofitableenterprises donotwanttoretireearlyTheretirement ageforwomenworkersis50,whichistoo earlycomparedwiththeirincreasinglife expectancy. Shanghai'sretirementpOIcVstiIIcontains differentretirementagesformenandwomen. WhyshouldmenretirefiveyearsIaterthan women?The27thGeneraISuqqestionforthe ConventionontheEliminationofAllFOm15 ofDiscriminationagainstWomen(CEADW), recentlyadoptedbytheUNCommitteeon theEliminationofDiscriminationaqainst Women,isaboutprotectingelderlywomen's rights.Thesuggestionclearlystatesthatthe differenceintheretirementageforwomen andmenamountstodiscriminationagainst women. UnderthePIannedeconomy.China.s retirementpoIicy.whichallowedwomen cadrestoretirefiveyearsearlierthanmale cadresandwomenworkerstoretire1O yearsearlierthantheirmalecounterparts, wasabenefittowomenHowever,the previouspolicycouldaffectwomen.srightto employment,developmentandsociaIsecurity _nmoclernSOCletV. 我赞成延迟邀体我国的邀体年龄是建国初期制定的 那[j寸中国人的平均寿命只有40岁左右.现在执行的国务 院104~-}Z'%,是1978年EI~30多年前制定的那时中国 八的平均寿命也有限.而2005年1%全国描样调查的结 祟明,中国人的平均预期寿命已达73岁,艇中女性更长 l4岁).此外从平均健康寿命看,中国人的平均健康寿 命2002年已达62岁健艘就意味蕾人有工作能力和生活 能力,从人权的角度看,就应该有工作的权利和社会参 与的权利…?,国蒙混体的年龄应当参考浚国的平均健 康年龄而定f砸平均健康年龄会髓卷经弃发展水平和生 活质壁的提离丽不断增长,所以我认为应该延退退休 年龄从现实情况卷,很多人退休后叉找了工作,特别是 专业技术人员,实际上是退丽不休.与其重找工作不如 继续工作以珍惜人力资本. 我最近正在做这方面的研究研究的对象有女职工,女 技求人员朔女干部,除女职工外大多数女科技人员和 u鱼干部都希望男女在法律上同龄瞧体,EI;6o岁退休但 男女都应允许在工作满3o年(或25年)后选撵提前退 休既蔼基本就业权利的保障,叉给个人选择就业的权 利. … 部分女职工困有的从事体力劳动,有的企业效益不 好而不愿意延迟退休年龄.例如某市的最低月工资 是900多元,而最低月退休金是1100多元茌这种情况 下,不仅女职工愿意提前退休男职工也愿意卑些退休. 但是,效益好的企业女职工不愿意提前退休,现在女职 工退休的年龄是SO岁相对于中国人不断增长的平均寿 命太早 上海调整后的退休政策,仍然包播看陛别歧视的含义, 为什么男女之间仍有5年差距呢,联合国消除科妇女歧 视委员会刚刚通过了《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》 的第27号一般性建议是有关保障老年妇女权利的,萁 中明确指出男女退休年龄不问,即基于性别的区别对 待是对妇女的歧视. 我国的退休政策,让女性早于男性5年(干部)或l0年 (工人)退休,在经济时代,表达了对妇女的照顾和 优惠:但在现代社会在人权蠖架的糕础上,就是对妇女 就业权发展掇社会保障板等投利的剥夺 BaoDanru,DeputyDirectorofthe ShanghaiBureauofSocialSecurity InebenefItSotret『rementCOVermUCh mOrethansImPIYtheoId—aaepensIOn.A postponedretlrementpenslondoesnot equatetoaT1exlbIeretlrementaqe.1hose wnopostponeretirementCOUJdaJsoenJoy someoftheretIree'sbenefitsTheviust delaVtneIrOId—aclePenSlon.Ihesystem tr1estOmeeta?theneedsofresldents; thosewhowanttoretireonschedulecan doSO,whIlethosewhowishtocOntlnue worKinqmayaIsodoso. 退休待遇是多项的不能将延迟申领养老金与退休年 龄简单地画等号.对于"柔性"延迟申领养老金的人员, 他们部分享受退休人员的待遇,在养老金方面没有体 现退休人员的特点.现在的社会是一个利益多元和诉 求多元的社会,"柔性的做法符合了不同层次,不同状 况人群的各种需求让符合法定退体年龄且希望准时 退休的人退休,对于那些到达法定退休年龄并且希望 继续工作并有意愿延迟领取养老金的人群能够延迟领 取养老金 TanqJunSecretary.GeneraIof theSociaIPoIicyResearchCenter ChineseAcademyofSociaISciences ItmaYcauseafirestormifthe governmenttriestoPostponethe retirementagenationwide.Thosewho enjoygoodbenefits,suchascivilservants andtechnicians,wiIlsupportthepOlicV, butthevuInerablegroup.suchasIaid—off workersandpeoplewhopayendowment insuranceontheirown,wiIIstrongly disapproveofthepolicy.TheIadoff workershopetogettheirold—agepension assoonasposslble. 现在全面推行延迟退体政策,可能会引发比较大的抗 议.享受高福利待遇的政府机构人员专业技术人员 等显然列延时遗体持赞成态度,而待就业人员和多数 自我缴纳傈险费用的群体刚持强烈的反对意见.尤其 是下岗人员强烈鞘待能够早圜拿到养老金来事受章弼 跪年 SuHainan.DirectoroftheInstitute ofLaborandPaymentStudiesunder theMinistryofHumanResources andSociaISecurity Shanghal,withauniquesituation,is differentfromotherpartsofChina.The percentageofwhite—collarworkersis comParativeIvIargeinShanqhaiWe cou1dmakeanattemptinShanahai.but Itdoesnotmeanwecouldimplementthe policynationwide TheadIustmentoftheretireinentpoIicy needstoprogressstepbystepWecould maketheretirementageflexibIe.such astwoyearsIater,JnsteadofaIItheway to65.WecouIdnarrowthetarqetsof theflexibIeretirementpoIicytowhite— colIared(workers)andtechnicians,and exc1udethemanuaIIaborersandhigh一 1evelofficials 上海有艇特殊性.自领人群比重大与我国其他地区 有较大不同可以做这个尝试.但上海的尝试不萁箭 在全国推广的条件.调整退休政策要用渐进式的方 法所清渐进式,,艿丽遐体年龄灵活一些可以先延 长两年不耍一下子就延长到65岁:另一方面是要有 范围限制,比如先从囱领,离级技术人员试行离级官 员和体力工作者则先除外. WeiBaotao.InstructoratLiaoning University Aflexibleretirementpolicywilfbringnew ProbIemstoSOCiety.anditmayaffect coJIegegraduates'jObopportunities.If theproblemsarenotproperlyaddressed, thevmayresuIt1nnewsideeffects DifferentSOCalcIasseshavetheirown appea1.Weshouldofferspecificsolutions todifferentproblems. 适度延刚退休肯定会给社会带来新的问诸如影响 应届呈蔓业大学生的就讥会等若是解决不好将会 引起新一轮的纛锁反应毕竟锯个阶层所要面对的实 际情形不同,垦体问题奠体凰有针对性的解决为 寰才是我们始终追求的. YuanDayong,Researcherfrom BeijingAcademyofEducational Sciences Lhlna.sfebrementaaelsearlycompared withWesterncOuntries,especlaIIYthe developedCOUntries.Aflexibleretirement agecouIdheIPmeettheneedsofthe taIentsh0rtaqe}nsPecfT}Careas.It cou1daIsohelPeasethePressureonthe endowmentTUnd.bovernment,socIety, communitlesanaTamll1eSneedtomaKe l0lntettOrtStObUlldanarmonIOUS soCletv,mWnICh5en1OrShaveaccessto adequatesupportanamedicaICare. 和一些西方国家桐比中国的退休年龄鳞是早的,尤 其是和发达国家橱比较.延迟退休可以解决就业领域 专业人才短缺的现象,也能缓解社倮领域的莽老保险 堪金的压力.解;尖老龄化的问题实现老有所养,老 有所医的和谐社会,需要政府,社会,技区和家庭等 多方面共商努力.瓣 (ExecutkeEd吣r:HUANGJUAN责任编辑黄娟) 202,阐11