过去式的构成

过去式的构成 动词过去式的构成 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过 去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规 则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下: 一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如: worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如: studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew is/am-was are-were see-saw bring-brought 用法: ,1,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一 般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状 语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。 ,2, 一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。 时间标志:yesterday,昨天,, last week,上周,, last month,上个月,, last year,去年,, two months ago,两个月前,, the day before yesterday,前天,,in 1990 (在1990年), in those days ,在那些日子里,等表示过去的时间状语。 如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。 When did you go to the park? ,你是什么时候去的公园,。 I went to the park last week. ,我是上周去的公园, 在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态,第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。 1, Be 动词的一般过去时态 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语 如:I was late yesterday. ,昨天我迟到了。, 否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语 如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语 如: Were you ill yesterday? ,你昨天病了吗,, 肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。) 否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语 如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的, 读法: 规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音: 1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如:asked, helped, watched, stopped 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如:enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3. 在t / d后读作[id]。如:wanted, needed 不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat 2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew 5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank