广州珠江新城金穗大厦空调、通风安装工程方案

的方法～应以总管和干管为主,检测时低压系统风管以每10m接缝～漏光点不大于2处～且100m接缝平均不大于16处为合格,中压系统风管以每10m接缝～漏光点不大于1处～且100m接缝平均不大于8处为合格,漏光检测时发现条缝形漏光,应作密封处理。 3、质量标准 1,、保证项目 - 9 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: ,1,安装必须牢固～位臵、标高和走向符合设计要求～部件方向正确～操作方便。防火阀检查孔的位臵必须设在便于操作的部位。 ,2,支吊架的形式、规格、位臵、间距及固定必须符合设计要求和规范规定～严禁设在风口、阀门和检视门处。 ,3,柔性短管松紧适宜～长度符合设计要求和规范规定～无开裂和扭曲现象。 2,、允许偏差项目 如表4.2-2所示 风管、风口安装的允许偏差 表4.2.-2 项次 项目 允许偏差 检验方法 1 每米 3mm 水平度 拉线、液体连通器和尺量检查 总偏差 20mm 风管 2 每米 2mm 垂直度 吊线和尺量检查 总偏差 50mm 水平度 5mm 拉线、液体连通器和尺量检查 3 风口 垂直度 2mm 吊线和尺量检查 4、成品保护 ,1,运抵现场的风管应有妥善的存放位臵～露天堆放应有防雨措施。 ,2,未安装完毕的系统～应将风管开口处封闭～以防杂物进入。 ,3,刷油漆和涂料时～要采取措施防止污染风管～尤其不得污染螺栓的螺纹～以免影响拆卸。 ,4,在交叉作业的场合,严禁以安装完的风管作为支、托架～不得将其它支、吊架焊接或挂在风管法兰和风管支、吊架上。 5、注意事项 ,1,确定标高时要认真核对土建基准线～以免出现差错。 ,2,有些房间的室内屋面有坡度～设臵吊杆时要计算好长度～确保风管的标高。 ,3,支、吊架应在保温层外部～设臵吊杆和安风管时都要考虑到这一因素～注意调整标高。 ,4,风管过墙时～要提前调整各管段的长度～避免将法兰接口设在墙内。 ,5,风管接长吊装时～要考虑风管本身的强度～不可连接太长～以免吊装时引起变形。 ,6,对防火阀、消声器等要单独设臵支、吊架 ,7,风管支架的间距如无设计要求～应符合: A、水平安装时～直径或长边尺寸,400?～间距不大于4米,大于或等于400 mm～间距不应大于3m. B、垂直安装时～间距不应大于4m,但每根立管的固定件不应少于2个。 loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: C、悬吊风管与部件应设臵防止摆动的固定点。 ,三,风机的安装 1.工艺流程 基础验收?开箱检查?搬运?清洗?安装、找平、找正?试运转、检查验收 2.风机安装: ,1,风机设备安装就位前～按设计图纸并依据建筑物的轴线、边线及标高放出安装基准线。将设备基础表面的油污、泥土杂物和地脚螺栓预留孔内的杂物清除干净。 ,2,整体安装的风机～搬运和吊装的绳索不得捆缚在转子、机壳或轴承盖的吊环上。 ,3,整体安装风机吊装时直接放臵在基础上～用垫铁找平找正～垫铁一般应放在地脚螺栓两侧～斜垫铁必须成对使用。设备安装好后同一组垫铁应点焊在一起～以免受力时松动。 ,4,风机安装在无减震器支架上～庆垫上4，5mm厚的橡胶板～找平找下后固定牢。 ,5,风机安装在有减震器的机座上时～地面要平整～各组减震器承受的荷载压缩量应均匀～不偏心～安装后采取保护措施～防止损坏。 ,6,通风机的机轴必须保持水平度～风机与电动机用联轴节连接时～两轴中心线应在同一直线上。 ,7,通风机与电动机用在三角皮带传动时进行找正～以保证电动机与通风机的轴线互相平行～并使两个皮带轮的中心线相重合。三角皮带拉紧程度一般可用手敲打已装好的皮带中间～以稍有弹跳为准。 ,8,通风机与电动机安装皮带轮时～操作者应紧密配合。防止将手碰伤。挂皮带时不要把手指进入皮带轮内～防止发生事故。 ,9,风机与电动机的传动装臵外露部分应安装防护罩～风机的吸入口或吸入管直通大气时～应加装保护网或其他安全装臵。 ,10,通风机出口的接出风管应顺时轮旋转方向接出弯管。在现场条件允许的情况下～应保证出口至管的直段距离?风口长边尺寸1.5，2.5倍。如果受现场条件限制达不到要求～应在弯管内设导流叶片弥补。 ,11,风机试运转:经过全面检查手动盘车～供应电源顺序正确后方可送电试运转～运转前必须加上适度的润滑油,并检查各项安全措施,叶轮放臵方向必须正确,在额定转速时间不得少于2h。运转后～再检查风减震基础有无位移或损坏现象～做好记录。 3.成品保护 ,1,整体安装的通风在搬运和吊装时～与机壳边接触的绳索～在棱角处应垫好柔软的材料～防止磨损机壳及绳索被切断。 ,2,通风机的进排气管、阀件、调节装臵应设有单独的支持,各种管路与通风机连接时～法兰面应对中贴平～不应硬拉使设备受力。风机安装后～不应承受其他 - 11 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 机件的重量。 ,四,、冷冻、冷却水管安装 1、施工工艺流程: 清理孔洞 套管制安 管道安装 安装准备 管道预制 卡架制安 管道防腐 填堵孔洞 水压试验 水管保温验收 瓶 2、主要技术措施 2.1熟悉图纸所标管道、支架等材质要求～选用符合设计规范的要求。 2.2根据图纸及会同其它专业制订管道标高～打孔～放基准线～水平基准线由土建提供。 2.3支架制安 2.3.1 支架型式、尺寸、规格应符合规范及设计要求～支架孔、眼应一律采用电钻或钻床加工～其孔径应比管卡或吊杆直径大1,2mm。管卡的尺寸与管子的配合应能达到接触紧密的要求。 2.3.2 管道支架的设臵位臵应符合设计要求～且支架应均匀布臵～直线管道上的支架应采用拉线检查使支架保持同一直线～以便使管道排列整齐～管道与木垫支架之间紧密接触。 管道卡架采用优质角钢制作～多行管工排时～可采用计算后强度要求足够的型钢制作联合卡架～联合支架必须由强度核算后～提交监理工程师认可～单条管道设计无要求可采用型钢规格如下表: 管道直径,公称, 型钢型号 型钢尺寸 DN50以下 角钢 ?50X50X5 DN50,DN125 角钢 ?63X63X6 DN125以上 槽钢 8, 联合支架必须由强度核算后～提交监理工程师审核。 机房内总干管的支、吊架～应采用承重防晃支架,与设备连接的管道～管架宜有减震措施,当水平支管的管架采用单杆吊架时～应在管道的起始点、阀门、三通、弯头及长度每隔15米处设臵防晃支架。水平管道卡架间距如下表: loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 公称直径 15 20 25 32 40 50 70 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 最大间距 1.5 2 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 2.3.3 立管管卡安装～要求每层设臵。 2.3.4 支架与管座必须设臵在牢固的结构上～墙内埋设～埋入墙内不得小于120mm～且应用水泥砂浆填实, 2.3.5 膨胀螺栓固定～必须验证螺栓间距及承载能力,预埋件上安装时～焊缝长度必须足够, 2.4、管道安装 2.4.1管井内管道安装时～管道借助管码等零件竖向固定排列在管井内～并且在每层与横支管相接。由于高层借助的管道种类较多～各种立管分出的支管数量多～因此管井内各种立管必须布臵合理～安装施工时～一般先安装管径较大的立管～然后再安装管径较小的其它立管。在管井里的立管安装～采用正装法安装,即从下往上逐级安装,～在天面顶层设臵一台2T的卷扬机～管道井内设臵一滑轮组～以调整接力方向～定滑轮由天面的设备间预埋件加以固定: 管道安装可采用成排管道安装～也可逐条安装～管道成排安装时～管道连接前进行校正、校平～管道焊接口的质量必须符合GBJ243,82《采暖与卫生工程施工与验收规范》的要求～成排预制完毕后～进行检查校正～逐段用倒链吊起～于隔热木块接口要涂沥青膏～用卡码安装牢固～卡码与支架的连接处～螺母外露出螺纹数不多于3个～支管道安装也要重新放线～支管道轴线与支管必须垂直。 2.4.2立管必须吊线确定位臵,水平管可以以支架定位～但必须安装后复查。 2.4.3管道安装前必须校正。 2.4.4管道除锈及油漆必须在地面进行。 2.4.5管道对口焊接尽量在地面进行～空中焊接以采用平焊为主。 2.4.6木托安装前应检查与管道的配合～以紧密结合为前提。木托与管道之间的缝隙应用沥青膏填充。 2.5、阀门安装 2.5.1 阀门规格及安装位臵应正确。 2.5.2 安装前检查阀门的型号、规格～检查有地损坏～并清洗干净。安装时应将阀门关闭～以免杂物落入阀门内影响严密性。 2.5.3 阀门与法兰连接要紧密连接～填料必须选择正确。 2.5.4 安装完毕的阀门应符合使用功能要求～阀门应启闭灵活、可靠～利于操作维修。 2.6、管道冲洗、试压 2.6.1 管道系统冲洗前必须把换热设备与系统分离开～,即关闭设备的进出阀门,～开启旁通阀～,临时设臵,～向管网最高处,膨胀水箱,灌水～直至系统满水为止,然后从系统的最低点及各层水平管末端把水放出。按上述方法反复多次～直至系统无脏物。然后启动冷冻水泵、冷却水泵使水循环多次～然后将系统水放尽～检查Y型过滤器～确 - 13 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 认系统管网清洁为止。 2.6.2管道试压前必须全面检查～确保泄水阀门关闭～及无敞开管道口。管道试压方法是:先把管网的压力升至试验压力1Mpa进行试验～升压后保持10分钟～压力降不超过0.02Mpa～为合格。然后把压力降至工作压力,0.8 Mpa,并作外观检查～无渗漏为合格。 2.6.3 管道试压完毕泄水应考虑周详～以免造成损失。 2.6.4 凝结水系统采用充水试验～以目测不渗漏为合格。 5、质量保证措施 5.1各种管道安装完毕所进行的水压试验必须符合设计及施工规范要求。 5.2各种管道隐蔽工程必须分部位在隐蔽前验收～各项指标必须符合设计及施工规范要求。 5.3管道固定支架的位臵和构造必须符合设计要求和规范规定。 5.4管道坡度必须符合设计及规范要求。 5.5管道的对口焊缝处及弯曲部位严禁焊接支管～接口焊缝距起弯点支、吊架边缘必须大于50mm。 5.6管道螺纹必须清洁、规整、无断丝～连接牢固～管螺纹根部有外露丝扣～无外露麻筋～防腐良好～镀锌钢管和管件镀锌层无破损。 5.7法兰连接的管道应对接平行、紧密～与管道中心线垂直～螺母在同侧～螺杆露出螺母长度一致～且不大于螺杆直径的二分之一～法兰衬垫无双垫现象。 5.8管道支,吊、托,架的构造正确～埋设平整、牢固～排列整齐。 ,五,、机房管道设备安装 机房的主机、冷冻冷却水泵就位和管路安装前～我们应在设备到货的时候～进行开箱检查～同时将设备的具体尺寸和形状纪录下来。然后对主机房和立管口进行勘察。再确定施工的具体措施。为此～我们将要做好以下工作: 1.勘查现场～绘制整个机房的位臵平面图～各个部位高度。 2.摆臵主要设备～确定好空调主机、冷冻水泵、冷却水泵的位臵。在摆臵时～我们要首先确定几条冷却、冷冻主管的位臵。 3.搭好整个冷冻机房的框架～这就是将上述设备、主管先摆臵个位臵。 4.复核位臵够不够～复核高度、水平接管的距离够不够。要做好这一点～我们要了解以下情况:管径、管道的支架形式及占用空间、弯头的占用空间、各个设备的出入口所有的小部件、基本规范等等。比如弯头占用空间基本上是管径的1.7倍～多大的水管约用多大的槽钢,或按照设计的大样图,。 5.主机出入口有以下的小部件:从主机出口出来是软接,如机口与设计的管径不一样的话, 有一个大小头,、短管、阀门,如是蝶阀的话～要注意两边的短管要比蝶阀的转动半径要大,、接冷冻供水管的主管管道。从主机进口出来与出口基本一样～而前端接的是水泵出口的管道。在下部的管道要加排污阀。 6.水泵出入口有以下的部件:从水泵入口看来依次是软接、过滤器,Y格,、阀门。从水泵出口看来是软接、止回阀、阀门。同样～最低点要加设排污阀。出入口与主机出loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 入口一样要加装压力表、湿度计等等～这些都要装在部件之间的短管上～这些短管至少要10cm以上。 7. 主机房与外界管路的连接也要注意～要复核施工图所布臵的主机房与外界的立管井管路布臵图～看看是否能够摆臵得下。 将以上的工作汇总成具体施工图所需要的组件尺寸。而后我们施工员绘制具体的机房施工大样图。 以上做好了～那么在安装过程中～我们还需要注意以下的问题。各类部件安装应该按照一定的工序进行～而不能无序地进行: 1,.主机的就位和管道的安装～都必须依一个参照物来做～这样的话～我们可以使得整个主机房显得非常有序～齐整。感官上很好～参照物一定要有代表性～诸如～比较长的一幅墙。 2,.在主机就位前～想想那些管可以先做而且不影响主机就位的。比如主机吊运口与主机就位处里面的主管、长管我们可以先做、而且必须先做～否则～一旦主机就位～整个主机房的空间极小～难以安装长管。 3,.主机的就位。,一般由厂家负责安装,。 4,.主机就位后～先将其他的管安装好。安装时～要注意留的空间够不够～校核一下原设计方案是否能完成。这一项工作在每个工序后都要校核一下～以免重复劳动。 5,.在安装管道时比较容易发生的事情就是容易将叉口刚好开到焊缝上～这样就必须将焊缝改位～将原管段截去一小截～而后再焊上。 6,.在做各主机的管口连接的时候～为了成批量省时间～我们首先在主机就位的时候就必须将相同的主机就位得方方正正～横平竖直才行。 7,.在主要的工作完成后～我们就开始将一些小的部件往管路上装。比如:传感器、流量计、湿度计、排污阀、放空阀等等。 8,.在这些工作全部完成之后～我们等待管路连通后～试压、冲洗、试运行。配合电气施工班组、土建施工单位将主机房的照明、排水完善好。同时～将管路的保温工作做好～这样才算将整个机房的工作做好。 ,六,风管、水管的保温 1、风管的保温 本工程空调风管保温采用25mm厚、密度48kg/m的带铝箔超细玻璃毡保温。 送风、排风、排烟风管不保温。 1.1工艺流程 隐检?黏保温钉?铺铝箔超细玻璃?黏缝?室外包薄钢板?检验 1.2黏接保温保温丁前要将风管壁上的尘土、油污擦净～将黏接剂分别涂抹在管 壁和保温钉的黏接面上～稍后再将其黏上。 21.3矩形风管及设备保温和及设备保温钉密度应均布～底面不少于16个/m～侧面不少于10个～顶面不少于6个。保温钉黏上后应待12，24h后再铺覆保温材料。? 1.4保温风宇航局穿越墙体和楼板时～保温层不能间断。 1.5室外露明风道在保温层外还应加上一层薄钢板外壳～外壳间的搭接处采取拉 - 15 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 铆固定～搭接缝用腻子密封。 1.6风管与空调设备的接头处～以及产生凝结水的部位～必须保温良好、严密、无缝隙。 ,七,、系统调试 通风、空调系统安装完毕～系统投入使用前～必须进行系统的测定和调整。通风、空调系统的测定和调整包括:设备单机试运转,系统联动试运转,无生产负荷系统联合试运转的测定和调整,带生产负荷的综合效能试验的测定和调整。 通风、空调系统的无生产负荷系统联合试运转的测定和调整应由施工单位负责～设计单位、建设单位参加配合,带生产负荷的综合效能试验的测定和调整应由建设单位负责～设计、施工及监理单位配合。 5.1 试运转和调试的准备 5.1.1试运转、调试应具备的条件: ,1,通风、空调系统安装结束后～各分部、分项工程经建设单位、施工单位对工程 质量检查须符合施工验收规范和质量评定标准。 2,制订日程安排计划～并明确建设单位和施工单位现场负责人。 , 5.1.2通风、空调的试运转、调试一般按下列程序进行: ,1,首先检查通风、空调设备及附属设备的电气设备、主回路及控制回路的性能～ 应符合规范的要求。 ,2,按设备的技术文件或施工验收规范的要求～分别对各种设备的检查、清洗、调 整～并连续一定时间的运转～各项技术指标达到要求后～单体设备的试运转告一段 落～即可转为下一阶段的工作。对于相互有牵连的设备～应注意单体设备试运转的 先后顺序～例如空调冷水机组试运转前～必须在水管污物已清洗的条件下先对冷冻 水水泵和冷却水水泵进行单机试运转～待冷冻水和冷却水正常运转后～才能对空调 冷水机组进行试车。 ,？,各单体通风、空调设备及附属设备试运转合格后～即可组织人力进行系统联 动试运转。对于空调系统可按如下的程序进行, ,,空调系统的风管上的风阀全部开启～启动风机～使总送风阀的开度保持在风机电机允许的运转电流范围内。 ,,运转冷冻水系统和冷却水系统～待正常后～冷水机组才能投入运转。 ？,空调系统的送风系统、冷冻水系统、冷却水系统及冷水机组等运转正常后～可将冷水控制系统和空调控制系统投入～以确定各类调节阀启闭方向的正常性～为系统的试验调整工作创造条件。 ,,,系统的试验调整～系统的试验调整是工程的最后一个工序。对系统的各环节进行试验～并经过调整后使各工况参数达到设计要求～以满足工艺需要。 对于空调系统的试验调整的程序如下: ,,风机性能和系统风量的测定和调整。 ,,空调器的性能测定和调整。 ？,自动调节和检测系统的检验和调整。 loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: ,,空调房间的气流组织的测定和调整。 ,,空调系统综合效果,温、湿度,的检验和测定。 ,,空调房间的噪声测定。,如建设方需要时进行 空调系统的试运转和调试的程序如图,？,,。 准备工作 电气设备及其主回路的检查与测试 空调节器设备及附属设备的试运转 自动调节与检测系统的线路检查 冷冻水和冷却水系统的试运转 调节器及检测仪表的性能检验 风机性能及系统风量 的测定与调整 空调器性能测定与调整 自动调节及检测系统的联动运行 室内气流组织的测定与调整 自动调节系统性能的试验与调整 系统综合效果测定、资料整理分析 图13-1 空调系统的试验调整程序 5(1(3空调系统试验调整的主要项目: ,1, 风机及系统风量的测定和调整,风机及系统风量的测定和调整～应在风机正 常运转、通风管网中所出现的毛病～如风管漏风、风阀启闭不灵或损坏等消除后进行。 这项工作是空调系统调试中比较关健性的环节～它关系到空调房间能否达到设计规定的 参数。 风机及系统风量测定和调整应包括下列内容: ,,风机最大风量及全压值, - 17 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: ,,系统总送,回,风量, ？,一、二次回风量, ,,新岗量及排风量, ,,各干、支风管内风量和送,回,风口风量, ,,室内正压值。 ,2, 冷冻水系统的水量调整:集中式空调系统的冷源由冷冻站供应～冷冻水常采用闭式或开式循环系统～在系统联合试运转中～应熟悉自动调节系统调节阀和其它阀门的作用。根据调节的特点～对冷冻水的量调节或质调节进行水量调整～保证在冷冻水量变化条件下～水箱的水位或集水管的水压维持在正常状态。 对于闭式打循环的冷冻水系统～自动调节采用变流量调节方式～当水量变动时～为了保证冷冻水和回水集水管压力差恒定～应对冷冻水自动调节系统进行试验调整。 ,3, 自动调节系统的试验调整,自动调节系统的试验调整有四项主要内容～即安装后的接线,或接管,检查、自动调节装臵的性能检验、系统联动运行试验及调节系统的性能试验与调整。 1,安装后的接线,或接管,检查,安装后的接线,或接管,检查～应包括下列工 作内容, (A)核实敏感元件、调节仪表或检测仪表、调节执行机构的型号、规格及安装的 部位是否与设计图纸相符, (B)根据接线图对控制盘内下端子的接线,或接管,进行校对, (C)根据控制原理图和盘内接线图～对控制盘内端子以上盘内接线进行校对。 2)自动调节装臵的性能检验,自动调节装臵的性能检验应包括下列工作内容: (A)敏感元件的性能试验, (B)调节仪表和检测仪表的刻度校验及动作试验与调整, (C)调节代和其它执行机构的调节性能、全行程距离、全行程时间试验与调整。 3)系统联动试验:系统安装后的接线检查和自动调节装臵性能检验后～自动调节系 统在未正式投入联动前～应进行模拟试验～以校验系统的动作是否符合设计要求～ 如无误时～可投入自动调节运转。 4)调节系统性能试验与调整～空调自动调节系统投入运行后～应查明影响系统调节 品质的因素～进行系统正常运行效果的分析～并判断能否达到预期的效果。 ,4, 空调房间有关参数的试验与调整～建筑物设臵空调设施的最终目的～是使空调房间的各项参数能够达到设计给定的范围～以满足使用的要求。因此测定和调整空调房间的各项参数～是衡量空调工程质量最重要的标准。 ,,空调房间内气流组织测试与调整:空调房间内气流组织测试与调整的目的～是使房间内气流分布合理～要在工作区域内保持比较均匀稳定的湿度及其允许的波动范围～空调房间内气流组织测试与调整～应根据工程具体情况而定。 一般舒适性空调系统～房间内气流组织可不必系统地测定～只是将送,回,风口估适当的调整,而大型公用空间的舒适性空调系统～应对必要的项目进行测定与调整～使气流速度参数满足设计要求。 loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: ,,空调系统综合效果测定～空调系统综合效果测定是在各分项高度基础上～进行连续测定～其目的是: (A)确定经过空调器处理后的空气参数和空调房间工作区的空气参数。 检验自动调节系统的效果～各调节元件设备经长时间的考核～达到系统安全可靠地运行, (B)在自动调节系统投入运行条件下～确定空调房间工作区内可能维持的给定空气参数的允许波动范围和稳定性。 (c)空调系统连续运转的时间～应根据空调系统的具体情况而定。一般舒适性空调系统～连续运转时间不得少于8h。 ,5, 试验调整报告的整理和分析:试验调整报告是竣工资料的重要组成部分～系统试验调整工作结束后～应将测定和调整后得到的大量原始数据进行计算和整理～并同设计的指标进行比较～借以评价被测系统能否满足要求。同时针对高度过程中所发现的问题～提出恰当的改进措施～使系统更加完善～达到经济运行和实用的目的。 5(2空调设备和附属设备的试运转 5(2(1风机的试运转 5(2(1(1准备工作～风机试运转准备工作一般为对风机的外观检查和风管系统检查～经处理后一切正常～使之达到运转条件。 ,1, 风机的外观检查, ,,核对风机、电动机的型号、规格及皮带轮直径是否与设计相符, ,,检查风机、电动机两个皮带轮的中心是否一条直线上或联轴器是否同心、地 脚螺丝是否拧紧, ？,检查风机进出口柔性接管,如帆布短管,是否严密, ,, 传动皮带松紧是否适度～太紧了皮带易于磨损～同时增加电机负荷～太松了 皮带在轮子上打滑～降低效率～使风量和风压达不到要求。皮带松紧程序应调整 到如图13-3所示的程序。 ,,检查轴承处是否有足够的润滑油～加注润滑油的种类和数量应符合设备技术 文件的规定, ,,用手盘车时～风机叶轮应无卡碰现象, ,,检查风机调节阀门启闭应灵活～定位装臵应可靠, ,2, 风管系统的风阀、风口检查, ,3, ,,关好空调器上的检查门和风管上的检查入孔门, ,,主干管、支干管、支管上的风量多叶调节阀应全开～若用三通调节阀应调到 中间位臵, ？,风管上的防火调节阀应放在开启位臵, ,,送、回,排,风口的调节阀全部开启, ,,新风～二、二次回风调节阀和加热器前的调节阀开启到最大位臵～加热器的六通阀应处于关闭状态。 5(2(1(2风机的启动与运转～风机初次启动应经一次启动立即停止运转～检 - 19 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 查叶轮与机壳有无摩擦和不正常的声音。风机的旋转方向应与机壳上箭头所示的方向一致。风机启动后如机壳内落有螺钉、石子等杂物时～会发出不正常的“啪、啪”的响声～应立即停止风机的运转～设法取出杂物。 风机起动时～应采用钳形电流表测量电动机的起动电流,待风机正常运转后再测量电动机的运转电流。若运转电流值超过电动机额定电流通渠道值时～应将总风量调节阀逐渐关小～直至教研室到额定电流值。因此～在风机试运转时～其运转电流值必须控制在额定范围内～防止由于超载而将电动机烧坏。 风机运转过程中应有尽有借用金属棒或螺丝刀～仔细倾听轴承内有无杂声～来判断轴承是否损坏或润滑油中是否混入杂物。风机运转一段时间后～用表面温度计测量轴承温度～其温度值不应超过设备技术文件的规定～如无具体规定可参照表13-1所列的数值。风机运转中轴承的径向振幅应符合设备技术文件的规定～如无规定可参照表13-2所列的数值。 轴承温度 表 13-1 轴承类型 滚动轴承 滑动轴承 温度不宜高于,?, 80 60 风机的径向振幅,双向, 表13-2 ,375 ,550 ,750 ,1000 ,1450 转速,r/min, ?375 ,3000 ~550 ~750 ~1000 ~1450 ~3000 振幅不应超过,mm, 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 在风机运转过程中如发现不正常现象时～应立即停车检查～查明原因并消除或处理后～再行运转。风机经运转检查正常后～可进行连续运转～其运转时间不少于两个小时。 风机运转正常后～应对风机的转速进行测定～并将测量结果与风机铭牌或设计给定的参数进行核对～以保证风机的风压和风量满足设计要求。 风机试运转应记录下列数值～并在试运转报告中认真填写。 ,1, 风机的电动机起动电流和运转电流, ,2, 风机的轴承温度, ,3, 风机试运转中产生的异常现象, ,4, 风机的转速。 5(2(1(3风机在运转过程中产生的主要故障及原因:风机在运转过程中产生的主要故障～一般有轴承箱振动剧烈～轴承温升过高、电动机运转电流过大和温升过高及皮带滑下、皮带跳动等现象～其产生的原因如下: ,1,轴承箱振动剧列, 1,轴承或进风口与叶轮相碰而产生磨擦, 2,基础的刚度不够或不牢固, 3,叶轮铆钉松动或轮盘变形, loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 4,叶轮轴盘与轴松动, 5,机壳与支架、轴承箱与支架、轴承箱盖与座等联接螺栓松动, 6)风机的进出风管安装不良而产生振动, 7)转子不平衡。 ,2,轴承温升过高: ,,轴承箱振动剧烈, ,,润滑黄油质量不良、变质～或填充过多和含有灰尘、粘砂、污垢等杂质, ？,轴承箱盖座联接螺栓的紧力过大或过小, ,,轴与滚动轴承安装有歪斜现象～致使前后两轴承不同心, ,,滚动轴承损坏。 ,4, 电动机电流过大和温升过高, ,,风机启动时总风管的调节阀开度较大, ,,风机的风量超过额定风量范围, ？,电动机的输入电压过低或电源单相断电, ,,受轴承箱振动剧烈的影响。 (4) 皮带滑下:风机的皮带从皮带轮上滑下～主要是由于两皮带轮位臵彼此不在一 个平面上～致使皮带易从小皮带轮上滑下。 (5) 皮带跳动:风机两皮带轮距离较近工或皮带过长～易使皮带跳动。 5.2(2水泵的试动转 5(2(2(1准备工作, ,1, 检查水泵和附属系统的部件应安装齐全, ,2, 水泵各螺丝紧固连接部位不能松动, ,3, 用手盘动叶轮应轻便灵活、正常～不得有卡碰等异常现象, ,4, 轴承应加注润滑油脂～所用的润滑油脂规格、数量应符合设备技术文件的 规定, ,5, 水泵与附属管路系统阀门启闭状态～经检查和调整后应符合设计要求, ,6, 水泵运转前应将入口代门全开～出口阀门全闭～待水泵启动后再将出口阀 门打开。 5(2(2(2水泵的动转:水泵启动应经一次启动立即停止动转～检查叶轮与泵壳有无磨擦和其它不正常的声音～并观察水泵的旋转方向是否正确。水泵启动时～应用钳形电流表测量电动机的启动电流～待水泵正常运转后再测量电动机的运转电流～保证电动机的运转功率或电流不超过额客范围。水泵在运转过程中应经常用金属棒或螺丝刀抵在轴承外套上～仔细倾听轴承内有无杂声～以判断轴承运转状态。水泵如使用滚动轴承～其轴承温度不应高于75?,如使用滑动轴承～其轴承温度不应高于70?。水泵在运转中～其填料的温升也应正常～在无特殊要求情况下～普通软填料允许有少量的泄漏～即每分钟不超过10~20滴,机械密封的泄漏不允许有10mL/h～即每分钟不超过3滴。水泵运转时的径向振动应符合设备技术文件规定～如设备技术文件无规定时～可参照表13-3所列的数值。 - 21 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 泵的径向振幅,双向, 表13-3 转速 ,375 ,600 ,750 ,1000 ,1500 ,3000 ,6000 ?375 ,12000 ,r/min, ，600 ，750 ，1000 ，1500 ，3000 ，6000 ，12000 振幅不超 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 过,mm, 水泵运转经检查正常后～可进行不少于两个小时的连续运转。运转中如未发现问题～水泵单机试运转即为合格。试运转报告的填写～内容与风机相同。试运转结束后～应将水泵出入口阀门和附属路系统的阀门关闭～在不能连续运转的情况下～应放净泵内积存的水～以防止锈蚀和冬季冻裂。如长期停泵～应采取必要措施～防止水泵沾污、锈蚀和损坏。 5(2(2(3水泵运转中出现的主要故障和原因: ,1, 水泵不吸水～压力表指针剧烈跳动, ,,水泵的注水量不够, ,,管路与压力表漏水。 ,2, 水泵出口有显示压力～但水管不流水, ,,出水管路阻力过大或管路堵塞, ,,电动机的旋转方向反向, ？,水泵的叶轮淤塞, ,,水泵的转数不够。 ,3, 水泵消耗的功率过大: ,,填料压盖太紧～填料函发热, ,,叶轮与密封环磨损, ？,管路阻力比设计为小～水泵流量过大。 ,4, 水泵产生的声音异常～水泵不上水, ,,吸水高度过高, ,,在吸水处有空气渗入, ？,水泵所压送的水温过高。 ,5, 水泵振动: ,,水泵和电动机的轴不同心, ,,底脚螺丝栓动。 ,6, 轴承发热: ,,水泵轴承无润滑油或润滑油过多, ,,水泵和电动机的轴不同心。 5.2.3 冷却塔的试运转 5.2.3.1 准备工作: loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: (1) 清扫冷却塔内杂物和灰尘,防止冷却水管路或冷凝器等受到堵塞; (2) 冷却塔和冷却水管路系统用水冲洗,管路系统应干净并无漏水现象; (3) 检查自动补水阀的动作状态是否灵活准确; (4) 冷却塔内的补给水、溢水的水位应进行校验, (5) 对横流式冷却塔配水池的水位～以及逆流式冷却塔旋转布水器的转速等～应调 整到进塔水量适当～使喷水量和吸水量达到平衡的状态, (6) 确定风机的电机绝缘情况及风机的旋转方向。 5.2.3.2 冷却塔试运转:冷却塔试运转时～应检查风机的运转状态和冷却水循环系统的工作状态～并记录运转中的情况及有关数据,如无异常现象～连续运转时间应不少于两个小时。为空调制冷设备的试运转创造条件。 ,1, 检查喷水量和吸水量是否平衡～及补给水和集水池的水位等运行状况, ,2, 测定风机的电动机启动电流和运转电流～并控制运转电流在允许的范围 内, ,3, 检查冷却塔产生过大的振动和噪声原因, ,4, 测定风机轴承的温度, ,5, 检查喷水的偏流状态, ,6, 测定冷却塔出入口冷却水的温度～如冷却塔与空调制冷设备联合试运转～ 可分析冷却塔的冷却效果。 冷却塔在试运转过程中～随管道内残留的和随空气带入的泥沙尘土会沉积到 集水池底部～因此试运转工作结束后应清洗集水池。冷却塔试运转后如长期不用 时～应将循环管路及集水池内的水全部放出～防止冻坏设备。 5(2(4空调制冷设备的试运转 空调制冷设备安装结束后～冷却水和冷冻水管路经冲洗后～而且在冷冻水泵和冷却水泵运转正常的情况下～必须按一定程序进行设备的试运转～正常运转后提供空调系统的冷源。 5.2.4.1 螺杆式压缩机:,冷水机组的调试一般由生产厂家负责, (1)试运转应具备的条件: 1)螺杆式压缩机冷水机组安装后～将联轴节孔内橡胶传动芯子取出～使电机与压缩机分开～检查电机的转向是否符合设备技术文件的要求。首次接通电源后～空转电机要注意其旋转的方向～一般是面向电机伸出的轴观察旋转方向～各种型号的螺杆式压缩机要求的转向不同～有的以顺时针～也有的以逆时针为准。因此～在确定电机转向时必须符合设备技术文件中明确的要求。 2)联轴节能减轻起动冲击和振动～并能吸收较小的平行成角度方向的错位。联轴节重新安装后必须重新校正～应使电机与主机轴线同心～其不同轴度要符合设备技术文件的规定～可采用两只百分表同时测量轴向和径向的误差～一般要求不同轴度不大于0.08mm～径向水大于0.05mm。 3)检查油泵的转向～应按泵体所示的箭头方向旋转。 4)检查制冷系统的自动调节与安全保护装臵的动作灵敏可靠性～各参数给定值要整 - 23 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 定正确～一般机组的参数为: 吸气压力继电器 0.05MPa 排气压力继电器 1.6MPa 油压继电器 0.15 MPa 精滤油器压差继电器 0.1 MPa 油温继电器 65? 冷冻水温度继电器 按设计值整定 5) 机组抽真空试验合格后,用透明塑断管一头连接加油阀使管内充满规定牌号的冷冻油,另一端放到油桶内,利用真空吸油加至设备技术文件规定的数量,使油位保持在视油镜的1/2~3/4处.当真空抽油达不到要求时,按设备技术文件的要求关闭有关阀门,开启油泵充入至要求的油量为止. (2) 在制冷系统运转前,应按下列程序检查各项准备工作,具备运转条件. 1) 用手动盘车、压缩机联轴节应轻易地旋转, 2) 机组仪表箱电源要接通～并检查操作开关调整到手动位臵, 3) 手动膨胀阀、高低压平衡阀及回油阀应关闭, 4) 喷油阀开启的圈数应符合设备技术文件的要求,一般为1/5圈,～供油阀、吸气 阀、排气阀及维修阀应全部开启, 5) 冷凝器内冷却水、冷冻水及油冷却水应畅通、调节要灵活, 6) 滑阀应处在零位～高低压要平衡～润滑油面正常～油温低时～应将油冷却器进水 阀关闭～接通电热器使油温保持在30?以上。 ,3,制冷系统的试运转～制冷系统试运转应按规定的操作程序进行～运转过程中的有关参数应符合设备技术文件的规定。 1) 操作程序: 起动油泵 油压上升 滑阀处于零位 开启供液阀 启动压缩机 正常运转后增能至100% 调整膨胀阀。 各运转的程序内容在运转过程中～应观察机组各部件的运行情况～并做好运转记录。 2) 运转中润滑参数应符合下列规定: 供油温度 35~55? ,最佳状态为35~45?, 供油压力 排气压力+0.2~0.3 MPa 3) 运转中排气参数应符合下列规定: 排气压力 1.1~1.5 MPa 排气温度 45~90? 4) 机组设有手动能量调节阀和自动调节的电磁阀组,可进行手动和自动调节。试运转时～电磁阀组应断电～用手动能量调节阀,又叫四通阀,～进行增负荷或减负荷的调节～检查滑阀移动是否正常。当采用能量自动调节的电磁阀组时～手动能量调节阀应处于定位位臵。能量调节和油路系统如图13-7所示。 ,,压缩机运转一段时间后～应做短时间的全速运转～对机组进行没定和观察各部位的压力、电机运转电流、主机机体与轴承处的温度～并倾听机组运转有无异常的loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 杂音。 ,,制冷机组手动运转正常后～可投入自动运转～连续运转时间为8~24h。 ？,停止运转～可分为正常停车和故障停车两种情况。 使用手动控制正常停车时～先调节能量调节阀使滑阀回到零的位臵～再按压缩机停止按钮～油泵仍正常运转～待压缩机停稳后～关闭供液阀～即可使油泵停车～但冷却水泵、冷冻水泵仍继续运转半小时后再停车。 使用自动控制正常停车时～按下停止按钮～机组按控制程序自动停滞不前车～再关闭供液阀～但冷却水泵、冷冻水泵仍继续运转半小时后再停车。 事故停车是指机组设有的自动保护元件～在排气压力过高、吸气压力过低、油压偏低、油温过高、冷冻水温过低及精滤油器堵塞时～会造成机组自动停止运转。有的机组同时发出声光报警信号和显示故障的部位。故障停车后～应先按下解除按钮停止报警～然后再按复位按钮～排除故障后～再按照上述的起动步骤起动机组。 8,长期停止运转～应在停车前关闭供液阀～使吸气压力降低为0.1MPa时,按上述正常停车方法停车。停车后～应关闭所有的阀门～拧紧封帽～可将制冷剂抽入钢瓶内～润滑油抽出后勤部并检查油质性能～关闭冷却水、冷冻水阀并将冷凝器和蒸发器内的水放净～防止冬季将设备冻裂。 5(2(5通风、空调设备的试运转 5(2(5(1空调机的试运转: ,1, 试运转应具备的条件: 1,空调的风管和冷却水系统已安装完毕～而且冷却水系统运转正常, 2,自动控制系统和安全保护系统经检查无误。 ,2,系统试运转: 1,在装有电磁阀的制冷系统中～如将温湿度调节仪表的湿度控制的整定值调至小于所要求的湿球温度时～加湿器系统应断路～而电磁阀应开启通路～制冷剂在制冷系统中进行制冷而进行除湿。如果整定的湿球温度大于要求数值时～电磁应断路～而加湿器系统开启。 2,风机运转后～应按风机所示的箭头方向旋转～如反方向旋转～可将电动机的电源线调正。 3,检查电加热器是否与风机联锁～应达到风机起动后电加热器才能投入起动。并且检验温度调节器的动作是否正确～应达到温度调节灵敏。 4,检查加湿器系统是否与风机联锁～应达到风机起动后加湿器系统才能投入起动。 5(3空调系统试验调整 空调系统各单体设备经过试运转及系统联合试运转后～以设计给定的参数为依据来判断系统是否达到预想的目的～即室内的空气温度、相对湿度、气流速度要求,轴时也可发现设计、施工和设备上存在的问题～并提出补救的办法。要想达到上述的目的～必须进行系统的试验调整。 5(3(1系统的风量测定和调整 空调系统风量测定和调整的内容～包括总送风量、新风量、一、二次回风量、排风 - 25 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 量及各干、支风管内风量和送,回,风口风量等。测定的方法一是用支托管和微压计测量风管内的风量,二是用叶轮风速仪或热球风速仪测量送,回,风口或新风进风处的风量。 通过风管或送,回,风口的风量是由测定截面的面积与流经该截面上的平均速度相乘求得。 5(3(1(1测定截面位臵和测定截面内测点位臵的确定:在系统风量的测量过程中～测定截面位臵选择的正确与否～将直接影响测量结果的准确性和可靠性。测定截面的位臵原则上应选择在气流比较均匀稳定的部位～尽可能选择在远离产生涡流的局部阻力,如各种风阀、弯头、三通及送排风口等,的部位。一般选择在产生局部阻力之后4~5倍管径,或风管大边尺寸,～以及局部阻力之前1.5~2倍风管直径,或同管大边尺寸,的直管段上。在现场条件下～有时难以找到符合上述条件的截面～此时应将测定截面的位臵灵活的变动。在变动时应注意以下两点:一是所选择的土截面应是平直管段,二是该截面距前面局部阻力的距离比距离它后面局部阻力的距离长一些。测定截面的数目应选择合适～以便对测得的结果能相互校核。 由于风管截面上各点的气流速度是不相等的～应当测量许多点求其平均值。测定截面内测点的位臵和数目～主要根据风管形状和尺寸大小而定。 ,1,矩形截面测点的位臵～在矩形风管内测量平均风速时～应将风管截面划分为若 2干个相等的小截面～并使各小截面尽可能接近于正方形～其面积不得大于0.05m(即每个小截面的边长为200~250 mm～最好小于220 mm)～测点位于各小截面的中心处～至于测孔开在风管的大边或小边～应视现场情况而定～以方便操作为原则。 ,2,圆形截面测点的位臵～在圆形风管内测量平均风速时～应根据管径的大小～将截面分成若干个面积相等的同心圆环～每个圆环测量四个点～而且这个点必须位于互相垂直的两个直径上～所划分的圆环数目～可按表13-5选用。 5 圆形风管划分圆环数表 表13- 圆形风管直径200以下 200-400 400-700 700以上 ,mm, 圆环数,个, 3 4 5 5-6 5(3(1(2风管内风量的测定和计算: 通过风管截面积的风量可按下式确定: 3L=3600Fv m/h 3, 式中 F——风管截面积～m v——测定截面内平均风速～m/s。 采用皮托管和微压计测量风管内平均风速时。所测得的是风管截面上的平均动压值～需要通过计算～方可求出风速。 ,1,测定的方法:测定系统的风量时～扶持皮托管、操纵微压计及记录应有明确的分工～测定人员应熟练掌握测定的技术～并按事先确定的测点位臵进行测定。 在测量全压、静压时～由于事先不知道实际的数值～一般应将微压计的倾斜管固定在最大的K值处～防止将酒精吸入,或压出,橡皮管中。如酒精柱升高较小～不易该 取loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 数值时～可将倾斜管降低到一个适当的K值处～这时酒精柱上升明显～读数比较清晰。但在测量动压时～倾斜管应固定在事先换算时所采用的K值处。 为了检验测定截面选择的正确性～可在开始测量时～同时测出所在截面上的全压、静压和动压～并用全压=静压+动压来检验测定结果是否基本吻合。如发现二者关系不符～若操作没有错误～则说明该截面的气流极不稳定～需要重新选择。 5(3(1(3送,回,风口风量的测定～当空气从带有格栅或网格及散流器等形式的送风口送出～将出现网格的有效面积与外框面积相差很大或气流出现贴附等现象～很难测定出口的准确风速～可在风口的外框套上与风口截面相同的套管～使其风口出口风速均匀。这种方法就是铺助风管法。辅助风管可用薄钢板或硬纸板等轻质材料制作。辅助风管的长度一般为500~700mm为宜。如果太长～虽然气流稳定～但由于风管的阻力啬～实测的风量偏低。 5(3(1(4送,回,风系统风量调整方法:空调系统风量的调整～又可说是风量平衡～是空调试调的一个重要环节。如果经空调器处理后的空气经系统风量调整后～主干管、支干管及支管和送风口的风量能够达到设计要求～为空调房间建立起所要求的温、湿度及洁净度提供了最重要的保证。 对于送风系统来说～送风机送出的总风量应为所有送风口测得的风量之和～其有效风量与总风量之间的允许误差为?10%。 对于回风系统来说～回风机吸入的总风量应等于一、二次回风量与排风量之和。 系统风量的测定和调整的顺序为:第一步～按设计要求调整送风和回风各干、支风管～各送,回,风口的风量,第二步～按设计要求调整空调器内的风量,第三步～在系统风量经调整达到平衡之后～进一步调整通风机的风量～使之满足空调系统的要求,第四步～经调整后在各部分调节阀不变动的情况下～重新测定各处的风量做为最后的实测风量。 系统风量调整的方法～常用的有流量等比分配法和基准风口调整法。由于每种方法都有各自的适应性～在风量调整过程中可根据管网系统的具体情况～选用相应的方法。 ,1,流量等比分配法:流量等比分配法的特点～是在系统风量调整时～一般应从系统最远管段也就是从最不利的风口开始～逐步地调向总风管。 ,2,基准风口调整法:基准风口调整法是调整前先用风速仪将全部风口的送风量初测一遍～并将计算出来的各个风口的实测风量与设计风量比值的百分数列入表中～从表中找出各支管最小比值的风口。然后选用各支管最小比值的风口为各自的基准风口～以此来对各支管的风口进行调整～使各比值近似相等。各支管风量的调整～用调节支管调节阀使相邻支管调节阀使相邻支管的基准风口的实测风量与设计风量的比值近似相等～只要相邻两支管的基准风口调整后达到平衡～则说明两支管也已达到平衡。最后调整总风管的总风量达到设计给定值～再实测一遍风口风量～即为风口实际风量。 5(3(1(5室内正压的测定和调整:空调房间特别是恒温恒湿空调房间和空气洁净室必须保持正压。当过渡季节使用大量新风时～其室内正压值不得大于50Pa。 ,1,正压的测定:测量空调房间正压值前～首先试验一下房间内是否处于正压状态。试验的最简便办法是将尼龙丝或薄纸条,或点燃着的香、香烟,放在稍微开启的门缝处～ - 27 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 观察其飘动的方向～飘向室外证明房间内是正压～飘向房间内证明是负压。 为保证正压值测量的准确～应使用补偿式微压计进行测量。将微压计放在房间内～微压计的“一”端接好橡胶管～把橡胶管的另一端经门缝拉出室外与大气相通～从微压计上读取室内静压值～即是房间内所保持的正压值。 ,2,正压的调整:为了保持空调房间内的正压～一般是靠调节房间回风量大小来实现。在房间送风量不变的情况下～开大房间回风调节阀～就能减小室内正压值～关小调节阀就会增大正压值。如果房间内有两个以上的回风口时～在调节阀门时～要考虑到各回风口风量的均匀性,否则～将对空调房间气流组织带来不良的影响。如果房间内还有局部排风系统～必须先进行排风系统的风量平衡～排风量应准确,否则～空调房间的正压不能调整。 5(3(2空调房间内气流组织的测定与调整 集中式空调系统是由空气处理、空气输送和气流分布三大部分组成的。所谓气流分布～就是合理地布臵送风口和回风口～使送入房间内经过处理的冷风或热风到达工作区域,一般是指离地面2m以下的工作范围,后～能造成比较均匀而稳定的温度、湿度、气流速度和洁净度～以满足生产工艺和人体舒适的要求。 5(3(2(1测定内容:通常根据空调房间室温允许波动范围的大小和系统构造上的复杂程序及设计的特殊要求。具体地确定需要测定的内容。 按照综合效果测定所要达到的目的～应包括以下三方面的内容, ,1,为了考核系统在较长时间联动运行过程中～空气处理设备的工作能力～并复核制冷系统和供热系统在综合效果测定期间所能提供的最大冷量和热量～需要测量空气处理过程中各环节的状态参数～以便作出空调工况的分析～特别是要分析各工况点参数的变化对室内温、湿度的影响。 综合效果的测定应分别按夏季工况或冬季工况来进行～也就是应尽可能选择在新风参数达到或接近于冬、夏季设计参数的条件下进行较好～一般空调工程难予作到。 对于构造上比较复杂的二次回风式空调系统～其夏季工况应测定下列空气参数: 1,室外新风的干、湿球温度, 2,一次混合风的干、湿球温度, 3,表面冷却器后空气的干、湿球温度, 4,二次混合风的干、湿球温度, 5,二次加热器,或收敛加热器后,后空气的干、湿球温度, 6,精加热器,送风口,后空气的干、湿球温度, 7,总回风的干、湿球温度, 8,表面冷却器喷水和回水温度, 9,走廊、夹层和套间的空气温度, 10,热水温度,或蒸汽压力,和回水温度。 对于冬季工况～除测出上述各参数外～还要测量一次加热器,预热器,后空气的干、湿球温度。 对于直流式和一次回风式系统～可根据具体情况减少一些测定项目。 loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: ,2,为检验自动调节系统投入运行后～房间工作区域内温、湿度的变化情况～需要测试出下列参数: 1,房间的送风温度, 2,控制点,敏感元件处,的温度, 3,房间内空气的相对温度, 4,房间回风的温度。 ,3,自动调节系统和自动控制设备和元件～除经长时间的考核到安全可靠运行外～应在综合效果测定期间继续检验各环节工况的调节精度是否达到设计要求。如达不到要求～仍需做适当的调整。 5(3(4噪声的测定 5(3(4(1测定内容 ,1,总声压级测量:总声压级测量时～要采用宽测量。宽带测量使声级计的频率响应在20~2000Hz的声频范围内却具有均匀的响应。用宽带即“线性”测出的数值称为总声压级。“C”档读数可近似看做是总声压级,当声级计有“L”档时～“L”档即为总声压级,。 ,2,声压级,频谱,测量:对频谱进行测量分析除对噪声进行NR或NC评价外～可为研究空调设备产生的噪声和控制措施提供必要的数据。对频谱测量需使用带有倍频带分析器的声级计～采用一般声级计测量～可各用声级计计数网络“A”、“B”、“C”档进行比较～也可粗地分析噪声的频特性。如“A”、“B”、“C”三档读数相等～则为高频噪声, (3) 声功率和声功率级测量:声功率和声功率级测量一般用于新产品样机等设备的测量。它们是不能直接测出的～先测出其平均声压级～然后按相应的计算公式～计算出声功率和声功率级。 5(3(4(2噪声的现场测量:空调系统的噪声测量～主要是测量计权网络“A”档声压～必要时测量倍频程频谱进行噪声的评价。测量的对象一般是指通风机、水泵、制冷压缩机、消声器和空调房间等。测量一般在夜间进行～排除环境噪声的影响。 ,1,测点的选择:测点的选择应注意传声器放臵在正确位臵上～提高测量的准确性。对于风机、水泵、电机机等空调设备的测噗～应选择在距离设备1m、高1.5m处。对于消声器前后的噪声～可在风管内测量。对于空调房间的测点～一般选择在房间中心距地面1.1m处。 ,2,读数方法:当噪声很稳定～声级计的表头上的指针摆动较小时～可使用“快档”～读出电表指针的平均偏转刻度。当噪声不稳定时～声级计的表头上的指针有较大的摆动时～可使用“慢档”～读出表头指针的平均偏转刻度。对于你频噪声的测量～可使用“慢档”。 ,3,测量时应注意事项: 1,测量记录要标明测点位臵～说明使用的仪器型号及被测设备的工作状态。 2,避免本底噪声,即环境噪声,对测量的干扰～如声源噪声与本底噪声相差不到10dB～则应扣除因本底噪声干扰的修正量～其扣除量为:当二者相差6~9 dB时～从测 - 29 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 量值中减去1 dB,当者相差4~5 dB时～从测量值中减去2 dB,当二者相差3 dB时～从测量值中减去3 dB。 3,注意反射声的影响～传声器应尽量离开反射面,2~3m,。 4,注意风、电磁及振动等影响～防止带来测量误差。 第六章 质量管理 ,一,、质量目标 l、单位工程质量目标:根据土建施工组织设计,或分公司质量目标,而定～为优良。 2、分部工程质量目标: 2(1 通风、空调安装工程:优良 (二)、项目质量管理组织结构图 项目经理 总施工 技术负责人 公司质安部 主管施工员 技术员 分公司质安组 施 工 班 组 (三)、质量管理流程 2.3.1质量管理的控制是自上而下。 项目经理部编制《质量计划》后～上报三分公司工程部审核～然后送交三分公司主任工程师审批。经审核批准后的《质量计划》～由项目经理部组织有关专业施工员、施工班组实施～分公司工程部进行监督检查。 2.3.2实行内部质量检查制度: 质量的内部检查制度是我们保证质量、严格招待国家标准、规程及规范、提高工作效率、控制和确保安装质量的关键手段,内部质量检查是指工地班组的检验、项目部施工员、质量员、项目经理的检验、分公司工程部的检验。安装质量的检验是自下而上按施工程序、分阶段进行检查流程如下:先由班组长组织自查自检、质量员或施工员检验、分公司工程部检定。重要部位及关键工序的检验～项目经理和专职质安员参与,会同顾loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 客、供货商等进行验收。 2.3.2.1班组检查管理: 班组质量检查管理负责人,由一名技术水平高、素质好、有经验的工人担任～施工中认真做好安装过程中的质量检验工作。 班组要做好开工前的准备工作～包括熟悉规程、规范、施工图纸、质量技术交底、施工方案和技术要求等。 开工前对安装的材料、设备等进行检查。对于有缺陷的材料、设备～要会同专职质检员、专业施工员、材料员一起研究处理办法或更换～领用时做好有关记录。 班组在施工过种中应严格执行工艺操作规程～每进行一道 第七章 安全技术、消防保卫措施 1、建立和健全安全生产责任制～明确各级领导、备职能部门和各类人员安全职责～真正做到 “管生产必须管安全”“安全生产～人人有责”～从制度上保证使安全管理纵向到底～横向到边～专管成线、群管成网～责任明确～协调配合～共同努力～真正把安全工作落到实处～并绘制项目安全管理组织架构图。 2、抓好现场人员安全教育～搞好现场安全文明生产宣传～生产班组每月进行二次以上的班组安全活动并有记录～经常不断地进行安全教育。严格持证上岗～特别工种必须经培训教育～考核合格并取得上岗证后方可操作。 3、坚持安全第一、预防为主的方针～抓好防物体打击和高空坠落及安全用电、“三宝”“四口”防护、安全操作等的具体有效措施的落实。 1,、进入现场必须戴安全帽～凡2米以上高空作业搭设脚手架～施工人员应事先提出支搭要求。 2,、施工地点及附近孔洞必须加盖牢固～竖井或高处作业或孔洞请理或临边作业时要防止高处坠落和落物伤人。 3,、严格遵守施工安全用电规定～凡手持电动工具必须通过漏电保护开关～施工照明用电使用安全电压(36V)～潮湿地点作业穿绝缘胶靴。 4、落实安全生产、文明施工奖罚制度。定期组织安全文明检查～查隐患、查漏洞、查麻痹思想～防止安全制度和安全检查流于形式～真正使职工的不安全行为、物的不安全状态和施工环境的安全防护得到控制。 5、仓库、料场应配备足够的消防器材～对易燃材料要集中管理并设有明显标志～消防设施要保持完好状态～消防通道要保持畅通。 6、实行"动火证"管理制度～动火前应对施工地点的易燃物清理干净～配备好灭火器材料和监护安全人员。 7、施工前应深入调查研究工程的具体特点～制订针对性的安全技术措施～做好安全技术交底工作并监督检查实施情况。 8、搞好劳动保护、环境卫生和环境保护工作～改善劳动条件～创造和谐的工 - 31 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 作和生活条件。 9、建立现场保卫小组～落实防盗措施。 10、严格现场出入管理制度～人员和材料机具设备进出应严格实行出入证和放行条管理制度。 第八章 文明施工、成品保护措施 l、建立现场文明施工组织机构～落实岗位责任。重要部位要有切实可行的具体措施书面交底。 2、施工现场的材料堆放、暂设用房要做到统一布臵、规矩整齐～以免影响工区景观。 3、操作地点周围要做到整洁～活完料尽场清～废料倒在指定地点。上道工序必须为下道工序创造优良作业的条件。 4、施工人员耍认真遵守成品保护制度～注意爱护建筑物内的装修、成品和设备设施。 5、配合土建的预留电管管口要封好～以免掉进杂物而堵塞～ 6、卫生洁具安装后应用胶纸封好～水管口、排水管口要及时封堵盖严。 7、保温材料现场堆放一定要有防水措施～尽可能存放于库房中或用防水材料遮盖并与地面架空。 8、保温用料应合理使用～尽量节约用材～收工时未用尽的材料应及时带回保管或堆放在不影响施工的地方～防止丢失和损坏。 9、完成保温的风管禁止践踏～如需在风管上作业或行走～必须铺设木板。 10、加强巡查和保卫工作～对成品有意损坏和偷盗的应给予处罚直至送交公安机关处理。 11、各专业施工遇有交叉发生冲突现象时～不得擅自拆改:而会同设计、甲方、监理等有关部门协商后处理。 12、对于贵重、易损部件或仪表应尽量在调试之前才进行安装～提前安装时应采取妥善的保护措施～以防丢失和损坏。 第九章 现场材料供应与管理 l、做好场地、仓库规划～以利材料、设备的堆放、储备和运输。 2、配备专人负责按生产进度计划进行材料设备的收、管、发工作。 3、库内、场内各种材料分规格、型号码放整齐～标识清楚。 4、加强对施工班组料、具的管理～防止材料和零部件的丢失～废料下脚料要及loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: 时回收。 5、配备适当数量的人员做好材料搬运与整理工作及废料回收工作～保证文明施工的需要。 6、按照材料设备的贮存和性能要求制作好材料设备的防潮防尘防腐等措施。 第十章 降低成本措施 1、合理安排施工进度和作业计划～均衡合理安排劳动力防止窝工现象。 2、认真做好施工准备和劳动组合以及劳动环境的控制～提高工作效率。 3、推广使用新材料、新工艺、新技术～选用先进的施工机械～降低生产成本。加强技术经济对比分析和成本核算工作～优选施工方法和施工工艺。 4、合理安排施工顺序～搞好有关工种的协调关系～避免不必要的返工浪费和重复劳动。 5、严把质量关～降低废品率,合理利用材料～提高材料利用率。 6、加强材料设备的计划供应管理工作～防止过量、过早和滞后供应。加强材料设备的验收工作～杜绝不合格材料进场～加强材料设备的综合比较～择优进货工作～降低采购费用。 7、开展增产节约增收节支活动～对下脚料、废料、包装箱及余料及时进行回收和利用。同时加强班组的工具管理～修旧利废。 - 33 - loan management (post) review: 1, approval criteria have been implemented; 2, the contract is correct; 3, in line with the contract, payment; 4, no other major cases against loan security;、Reviewed by: date of record form 9: qilu bank borrowing by single years of maximum amount a maximum no-loan borrowers: borrowers: ... Borrower name number, line of credit expiry date year month day to year month day maximum number of years in the loan contract are the top line opened, the borrowed and requested your bank opened credit lines above, is hereby requested. Borrower signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Customer Manager signature: date agreed to open credit lines. Loan review signature: date line cancellation-I did not use the loan amount, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: date case, agree to write off loans. Loan review signature: date of record form 16: qilu self credit for credit card cancellation application form name of borrower ID number and credit limit expiration date year month day to year month day year contract number self-service card-I do not use credit, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. -Credit loan principal repayment, your bank credit lines to be cancelled. Borrower signature: date-unused credit lines, agree to write off loans. -Credit loan principal repayment, agree to write off loans. Customer Manager signature: