幼教专业知识（Preschool education expertise）

幼教专业知识（Preschool education expertise） 幼教专业知识(Preschool education expertise) Three, a preschool education theory: 1. Multiple Intelligences Education (MI) children's Multiple Intelligences Education Theory proposed by American Harvard University famous educator gardner. The educational theory of human intelligence will be divided into 8 aspects, namely, linguistic intelligence, musical intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily kinesthetic intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence and naturalist intelligence. The theory pays more attention to comprehensive development of children's intelligence. The theory that the 0-7 year old is the critical period of children's individual intelligence development, intelligent children of this phase is a comprehensive and balanced development is directly related to the children's life. 2. Montessori (Montessori) Montessori education was founded by Italy educator Montessori. Montessori is a female doctor, starting from the development of children, invented a set of methods for the education of children. She believes that children are born with the "inner life" or "potential". This kind of vitality is positive and active, development has inexhaustible power, its development in accordance with the laws of biology determined by genetic, the task of education is to stimulate and promote children's "potential" found follow, and make their own laws of nature and free development. The children have their own needs and interests, actively interact actively with the outside environment, so as to continuously develop the living people. The educator should not regard them as the container can arbitrarily fill, but should actively observe and study love children, children, children find inner secrets, respect the child's personality, in the children's free and spontaneous activities, help children's intelligence, body, personality of natural development. Children's development is a continuous process, educators should create conditions to ensure and promote the development of children. 3. Froebel (Frobel) German educator Froebel is the founder of the kindergarten, the kindergarten and the world famous for founding. The purpose of education is to make all aspects of the ability of children can obtain the average development; its education method, is to borrow game guide children's self activities, self development and social participation; the content of education, will pay particular attention the relationship between disciplines, and the relationship between the subject and the actual life. Two industry experts, preschool education 1: Piaget, the Swiss psychologist, founder of epistemology. Piaget will be the development of children's thinking is divided into four major stages. The four phases are: A sensorimotor stage (from birth to about two years old). This stage is the thinking of the embryonic period, is the basis for future development. Piaget believes that this stage of psychological development determines the whole process of psychological evolution of the future. By feeling experience. At the age of 1 to develop the concept of object permanence, to play the function of sensory motor schema; Two, speech delivered before the stage (about two years old to six or seven years old). This stage is also known before the logic stage, when children begin to sign as an intermediary to describe the external world, the delay in children's imitation, imagination or game. Can use the language and symbols will not use the characterization of external things, with retention of concepts, not reversible, self-centered; Three, concrete operation stage (from six or seven to eleven years old two years old). At this stage, children have a general understanding of the logical structure, the horizontal line concept, can operate the specific objects to assist in thinking; Four, speech delivered in the form of stage (eleven years old to two years old in 14th Five-Year). When the child's intellectual development mature, thinking ability is beyond the specific content or perception of things, thinking is more flexible. Start analogy, logical thinking and abstract thinking. The main works: "the children's logical thinking", the early formation of "epistemology" principle. 2, Herbert Spencer: Advocates of modern western science education thought. Through a thorough analysis of children's nature and properly handle, he proposed: Escape education, Happy education philosophy of education, emphasis on the education of children should follow the psychological laws in accordance with the natural order of children's mental development. In order to reveal the essence of science education. Guide the children in the joy of learning; interest is the greatest motivation for learning and knowledge, is the active choice of things children, and guide children can promote the strengthening of this initiative, the interest to become permanent. Let the children learn: voluntary curiosity as long as the master of the child's curiosity, you don't have to worry about a child without learning, stimulate children's curiosity is the key to successfully guide the children's parents. 3, Montessori: Italy preschool education experts, founder of the Montessori's education method. Her education method based on children's creative potential, based on children's learning motivation and belief as a personal right of the. The primary teaching method of Montessori for 3 ~ 6 years old children, divided into the following four aspects: Sports (muscle exercises) In order to promote the normal development of children's physiology, make their daily life with skill, Montessori attaches great importance to children's muscle exercises, in addition to her nature, let the children through play, walking, sitting, dressing, undressing, extract, take care of animals and plants by good physical exercise, also invented all sorts of instruments, such as lo Xuanti, chair and so on, to help children in training, also prepared a special gymnastics even breathing exercises, lips, tongue, teeth, etc.. ? Sensorial education This is the central link in the Montessori method. Montessori believes that the sensory training both for real life children's future to prepare, is the basis of knowledge and intelligence development of children. Knowledge education Combined with sensory training, let the children accept the early reading and writing, music, and other aspects of education. At the same time, the development of children's language ability through conversation. Real life practice Such as clothing, personal hygiene, interior finishing, so that children do not need others to help deal with matters of daily life on their own, to cultivate their independence. The principle of Montessori education: 1) with children as the center. As opposed to the adult oriented teaching ideas, as children are different from adult individuals. 2) against the cramming method of teaching. From the daily training to aid with good learning environment, rich, let children spontaneously active learning, construct their own perfect personality. 3) grasp the sensitive period of children. The characteristics of the sensitive period of learning, to maximize the learning effect. 4) teachers play the role of facilitator. Teachers should have a profound understanding of the child's inner world, the development of the child knows the situation, in order to provide appropriate assistance and guidance, timely to the child. 5) to cultivate a complete personality. The biggest purpose is to assist children of preschool education. 6) respect the child growth pace. No timetable and class time, so that children can focus on development of the inherent need. 7) mixed age education. Children of different ages will imitate each other, learning, develop good social behavior of children are willing to help others. 8) teaching materials and teaching aids rich. AIDS is children work materials, children through the "work", from the self repetition operation practice, construction of perfect personality. 9) exclude the rewards and punishment system. To respect the child's way, cultivate children's budding sense of dignity. 10) the outbreak of the teaching achievement. To respect the child needs, timely and appropriate to let the children grow, the short term is not easy to detect, but at a time to show the inner child broke the power of the growth of the mind. The main works: "Montessori", "teaching method", "found that children" absorbent mind, "the secret of childhood". 4, Carle Witt: Is a famous genius in Germany in nineteenth Century. At the age of eight or nine he will be able to free use of German and French, Italian, Latin, Greek and English language and know the six; animal science, botany, physics, chemistry, especially good at math; The 9 year old was admitted to the University of Leipzig at the age of 10; University of Gottingen; 13 published the "triangle" of a book; only 14 years old was awarded a doctorate of philosophy; at the age of 16, obtaining a doctorate in law, and was appointed professor of law at the University of Berlin; at the age of 23, he published a book "Dante's misunderstanding", has become the research of Dante the authority. Karl Witt made a remarkable achievement, not because of his talent level -- on the contrary, he was considered a child, but because of some dementia his father education well. Carle's father to Carle was 14 years old before education wrote a book, this is the "Karl Witt education". The book detailed the process of the growth of Carle, and their son and the experience of inventive education methods. The writing in 1818, the world exposition is the earliest documents of early education. Related works: "Carle Witt's education". 5, Howard - Gardiner: The world famous educational psychologist, best known for achievement is the theory of multiple intelligences, known as the "father of the theory of multiple intelligences. The current research at the Harvard University Graduate School of psychology education in the United States, Professor of education, Professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of medicine. As the host of Harvard University "Project Zero", "New York Times" referred to him as one of today's most influential American development psychologist and educationist. Gardiner believes that the support of the theory of multiple intelligences is eight kinds of intelligence associated with specific cognitive domains and knowledge of individual independent existence, rhythmic intelligence, linguistic intelligence, mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, communication intelligence and naturalist intelligence. 1. verbal linguistic intelligence (Verbal-linguistic Intelligence) Refers to the ability to say, listening, reading and writing, is the ability of individuals to smooth and efficient use of language to describe events, express thoughts and understanding and communication. 2. musical rhythmic intelligence (Musical-rhythmic Intelligence) That feeling, recognition, memory, and change the expression of the ability of music, for personal music including rhythm, tone, timbre and melody and musical expression ability through sensitive composing, playing and singing. 3. logical mathematical intelligence (Logical-mathematical Intelligence) Refers to the ability of computing and reasoning, as on the relationships between things, such as analogy, comparison, causal and logic relationship between the sensitive and thinking through mathematical and logical reasoning ability. 4. visual spatial intelligence (Visual-spatial Intelligence) Refers to the spatial relationship of feelings, discrimination, memory and change the object and to express thoughts and feelings, as on the line, shape, structure, color and spatial relationship of sensitivity and by a planar graph and three-dimensional modeling will show their ability. 5. body kinesthetic intelligence (Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence) Refers to the ability to use the limbs and trunk, is the ability to be able to better control their body, physical and make good use of appropriate body language to express their thoughts and feelings of the event can be. 6. intrapersonal intelligence (Intrapersonal Intelligence) The understanding, insight and ability to reflect on their own, is able to correctly assess their consciousness and emotion, desire, motivation, personality, ability and willpower, self-esteem, self-discipline and self-control is formed based on the right of self awareness and self evaluation on. 7. interpersonal intelligence (Interpersonal Intelligence) Ability to get along with people and communication, to experience emotions of others, awareness, emotion and intention and make appropriate response ability. 8. natural intelligence (Naturalist Intelligence) Refers to the individual to identify the environment (not only the natural environment, Also includes the artificial environment) features and classification and utilization ability The main works: "art, intelligence and creativity of the brain: the way of understanding" etc. 6, Sun Ruixue: Children's education experts, since the last century, in 80s began to engage in research on children's psychology and education, founded the first kindergarten, Montessori and the first Montessori international school, and later founded the Montessori education research center. Method of Education Science, love and freedom "is to follow the growth rule of life, let the children in love and freedom in the environment, through self experience and self construction, to decipher the spirit of the password, according to the code of life, natural growth for a complete, independent and self consummation, a a free mind, confident of Enron, a sense of security and sense of belonging, a noble, pure, creative people. "Love and freedom" family rules: 1, don't hurt yourself 2, not to hurt others 3, do not harm the environment The behavior of kindergarten children in love and freedom "rules: 1, vulgar, vulgar behavior can not be. 2, others can not take their own things, and have the right to free. 3, from where to get things back to where you. 4, who got the first use, please wait a little later. 5, can not disturb others. 6, do wrong to apologize. And learn to ask others to apologize. 7, learn to refuse others, learn to say "no". The sensitive period of the theory: the so-called "sensitive period" refers to the growth process of 0-6 year old children, driven by internal vitality, in a period of time, to absorb something in the environment of nature, and repeated the process. Pass a sensitive period, a child's mental level will rise to a new level, and the release of internal new vitality into a sensitive period. The main works: "love and freedom" and "capture" children's sensitive period 7, Li Yueer: The famous children's education experts, art educator, artist, was nominated for the "China oil three hundred"; by the fine arts education to preschool education, Preschool Education Department of Shanghai Xingjian College Professor; was the "parents" Journal of education experts, answering the CCTV children's channel sign about expert. The main works: "who took the child's happiness", "who misunderstood the child's behavior", "who understand the child's growth secret - key critical help" 8, Yin Jianli: Experts in education, master of education, from teaching for many years, is now engaged in research and consulting work in family education. Familiar with the school education, has the profound research on family education, and cultivate a good daughter. Works are the "good mother is better than a good teacher", she has many "her fans", is the mother of the cattle 2009 mothers in mind "". Famous Digest: ? almost no child thrives, they need to be successful experience. The successful experience is not occasionally received high marks, through their own efforts to solve the problem after the joy. ? teach children to treat the opponent". The child was hurt to comfort the bench, slightly better, more like her, took her to a small bench rub pain, tell a small bench immediately without pain". Do not let a small bench stood opposite her, as her "harm" bad guy, but also as a friend to share the pain, and made her aware of the "collision" between the two sides, to understand each other. ? good people, and the world is the minimum friction person, easy to be a happy person; do not have in mind demanding children grow up, his attitude will be more comfortable, the interpersonal relationship will be more harmonious, will get more help and opportunities. 9, Zhou Hong: Advocate of appreciation education, known as the "China first awakening of the father", "the first to discover that there is nothing wrong with a child educator", Beijing City family education guidance service center chief expert. A common father, explore appreciation education with its 20 years of life, not only the total deafness daughter Zhou Tingting culture into U. s.master, but also changed the fate of tens of thousands of children and families! He was known as the "father of appreciation, appreciation education he was known as" the first brand Chinese family education". Appreciation education is not a simple praise is to encourage, appreciate the child's behavior, to strengthen the child's behavior; behavior of children appreciate, to stimulate children's interest and motivation; create an environment to specify the child development; appropriate reminder, enhance the child's psychological experience, to correct children's bad behavior. 10, Zhu Jiaxiong: Professor of East China Normal University, vice chairman of the academic committee of Preschool Education Research Association Chinese, preschool children's health education Specialized Committee chairman, Shanghai City Preschool Education Research Association vice president and Secretary general. The research project has presided over the research and practice of training objectives, specifications and curriculum of preschool education major "(Ministry of education project)," preschool education reform experiment "(Ministry of education project) etc.. The main works: "the study on the kindergarten environment and children's behavior and development," Piaget theory in early education in the use of "etc.. 11, smile: Zhou Cong laughs, Hunan province's education scientific research institute deputy director The main works: "the young pickers yuan -- the theory and practice of preschool education" 12, Yu Yongping: Preschool education PhD, master tutor. He served as the national preschool education research association, deputy director of the academic committee of Jiangsu province Chen Heqin, vice chairman of the education thought. The research is mainly engaged in the field of preschool education, preschool curriculum and the basic theory of preschool education management. Has undertaken and participate in the Ministry of education, scientific research project of Education Department of Jiangsu Province, 7, won the Jiangsu Province philosophy social science award. The main courses are: undergraduate, kindergarten curriculum design, introduction to education, management of kindergarten; preschool curriculum theory research of preschool curriculum, thematic study master. The main results are as follows: "preschool curriculum value", "preschool education" and other 11 monographs and textbooks, "on the concept of children" and other more than 50 academic papers. 13, Xu Zhuoya: Master of education, Professor, doctoral tutor. The current preschool education institute and director of the Department of preschool education. The main research direction: the development of music and music education of children (including philosophy, sociology, psychology, pedagogy, teaching and research process of all levels); children's physical development, and sports (especially dance education); kindergarten education situation in the learning and teaching of psychology; healthy personality the problem with education of our children and teachers in the society; and children's analogical thinking and inspiration thinking on the development of adult education research and teaching; educational research; research on the professional development of teachers and kindergarten curriculum construction. Hosted at or above the provincial level topic "kindergarten music teaching psychology research" 4, published "preschool music education" and other monographs and textbooks nearly 20, published "on the music and the human value of nearly 200 articles". 14, Feng Xiaoxia: Professor of the Department of Preschool Education Education College of Beijing Normal University, doctoral tutor, former vice chairman of China Preschool Education Research Association, deputy director of the academic committee, the current preschool education research China chairman and director of Academic Committee, "Journal of preschool education research". Representative works: "the kindergarten curriculum", "World Education Department of preschool education". Representative paper: communication and individual psychological problems, reflections on contemporary society and contemporary children 15, Pang Lijuan: Ph.D., Professor, doctoral tutor. The Beijing Federation of social science circles, member of the Standing Committee, vice chairman of the Preschool Education Research Association Chinese, chairman of committee of the world organization of preschool education, China state inspectors, the NPC Standing Committee, chairman of the National People's Congress Education Committee, the DPP Central Standing committee, Director of the association of the Central Education Committee, director of the research center of Beijing Normal University of science education. The main research direction: Preschool psychology 16, Liu Yan: Professor of Preschool Education Department of Beijing Normal University, member of the CPPCC National Committee 17, Huo Liyan: A comparative study of early childhood education expert at the Beijing Normal University educational training center director, Ministry of education, science education, Montessori China research sub project consultant. 18, Guo Fuchang: Chinese Education Association of private preschool education director of Specialized Committee