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从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》

2017-09-01 15页 doc 53KB 335阅读

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从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》 从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》 ——访北京新东方教育集团总裁俞敏洪 看了之后,才知道什么叫反思 主持人:许多企业和企业家出版传记性图书,都是描绘其成功的一面,但由报告文学作家卢跃刚所采写的《东方马车》这本书,在肯定以你为首的新东方学校办学人在外语培训获得巨大成功的同时,能够直面矛盾、触及灵魂,尤其你们团队前一段时间的内部矛盾、争斗揭示给外人,你本人及新东方团队如何看这个问题, 俞敏洪:大部分企业的传记都是赞扬性的,我看这样的书很多,但是我发现从中学不到东西,因为写正面的东西是容易的。 ...
从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》
从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》 从“三驾马车”到《东方马车》 ——访北京新东方教育集团总裁俞敏洪 看了之后,才知道什么叫反思 主持人:许多企业和企业家出版传记性图,都是描绘其成功的一面,但由报告文学作家卢跃刚所采写的《东方马车》这本书,在肯定以你为首的新东方学校办学人在外语培训获得巨大成功的同时,能够直面矛盾、触及灵魂,尤其你们团队前一段时间的内部矛盾、争斗揭示给外人,你本人及新东方团队如何看这个问, 俞敏洪:大部分企业的传记都是赞扬性的,我看这样的书很多,但是我发现从中学不到东西,因为写正面的东西是容易的。 我本人以及新东方团队的个性都比较率真,我们之所以同意卢跃刚进来采访,理由很简单,不仅要把新东方成功的一面写出来,还要把新东方面临的困境,以及困境的解决,困境当中个人的心态,以及对利益权益的看法写出来。这才是做企业真实的东西。 也许这样做会带来一个负面问题:新东方的形象被淡化了。我们之所以信任卢跃刚,因为他是一个对是非判断非常敏锐的人,有独立的思想,对企业的分析眼光独到。他写的东西我也看过,有的写得很尖锐,王强(三驾马车成员,现任新东方教育集团董事长)曾经开玩笑说:“被你写过的企业,没有一个不倒的,但愿新东方是个例外。”《东方马车》这本书尽管不一定全面,但是写出了新东方在改造、发展中争夺权利、利益的风风雨雨,这些事情如果过去了,成为历史,很正常,这个团队还在,每个人还100%努力地工作。 但是经历了这样一场风雨后,新东方实际上处在比较好的第二发展阶段上,我们还有心胸来接受卢跃刚的审视。这种境界与胸怀,不仅新东方老师和员工都能接受这样一份挑战,而且员工很为新东方能写出这样一本书来感到自豪。实际这本书成为我们的一面镜子,包括一些员工知道了我这个人每天都在做什么。 poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the 主持人:这本带有批判和反思性的书,对新东方事业的发展、对团队之间的相互理解和团结能够真正起到促进作用吗, 俞敏洪:从书中一般读者可以看到我不是坏人,善良,但做事不果断,常常导致麻烦产生,现在我就学得果断一些,免得以后出现麻烦;另外就是要把朋友与管理分开。这些都是读书后产生的感悟。 王强说,看了之后才知道什么叫反思,他以前不太懂,只知道勇往直前。徐小平读后知道什么叫过分,不注意方式、方法。这本书对我们的生活都会有好处的,虽然看过之后不会对我们产生过分的好印象,但是我敢肯定,没有太坏的印象。 同时我相信这本书给一些想做事情的人提供一些参考,企业或者事业发展之后,怎么样应对这种局面矛盾,从我们的失败、成功中得到总结。几位企业家给我打电话说,他们读了特别激动,他们内部也有同样的问题,只是没有写出来,他们也跟我一样渡过很困难的时候,也有自己一个人在家里哭的时候。我们从外面看很多企业家往往是风光无限,其实很多时候他们常常是以一种妥协的方法来管理企业的,一个企业家如果不妥协的话,企业做不大。我觉得这本书一定程度上写出了一些人不敢写的东西。 主持人:你怎么看这本书可能带来的各种社会影响和作用, 俞敏洪:书已经出来了,就由客观事实来评判吧。虽然有人对这本书有自己的看法,但是有这么一本书放在那儿,对新东方是有好处的。采访过程中,我和卢跃刚成为了好朋友,因为我相信他的人格和判断力。稿子给我终审时,除了年月日等事实细节进行修改,其余的都尊重他的,甚至是很多我感觉不愉快的地方,也没有就语气、措词提出修改。 我认为卢跃刚有他独特的观察点,另外是我比较自信,有了这本书,新东方只会更加蓬勃发展。读者也会觉得任何一个干成事业的人,背后都是有血有肉。 回归理性之旅,由乱到治 主持人:由于你们在外语培训上的巨大成功和你的传奇色彩,人们看新东方有一种光环,这本书是不是会使新东方的团队成员们回到一种正常的境况。 俞敏洪:这本书可能会把我们原来的光环消除了,但是有可能加上了另外一种光环,我听不止一个人说过,新东方这帮人真大胆。 但是,要求新东方理性地看待自己,是这两三年来我的愿望,包括理性地看待我自己。我们愿意在学生中间保持我们优秀老师、演讲家的形象,鼓动式的风格等我们还想继续下去:我可以继续跟同学讲艰苦创业,更有素材了。 但是作为一个管理者和团队,如果不回归到理性的管理,只在利益、友情的圈子里转,最后永远转不出去。外面真正有才能的人也不一定进得来,封闭poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the 团体变得越来越复杂,谣言四起,互相攻讦,就像《红楼梦》里的贾府,所以要树立管理上的原则与方针。实际上大家可以看到这本书写到这里,新东方的改造完成了一部分,没有全部完成。 主持人:卢跃刚进来采访时是2001年初,当时并没有料到矛盾会在年末激化等现在的结果, 俞敏洪:卢进来时,我预料到新东方改革最后肯定会走向正轨,到底几年时间我不能预料,因为我自己的管理知识很薄弱,我自己也跳不出那种友情的怪圈,但是新东方的每个人都意识到新东方的改革势在必行。这种大变动的时期,权利和利益重新分配的时期,会出现那么多人性、人品、人格的斗争,其复杂性远远超出了我的设想。 主持人:是哪些原因使其复杂化了呢, 俞敏洪:多方面原因。在新东方原来的诸侯割据式的体制框架下,团队成员的利益界定非常清楚,当事业的不断发展变化使得原有利益格局打破后,重新进行公司化改造,个人的权力利益面临重新分配,任何人面对利益变动,都会有心态上的失衡。 比如有些部门,原来的地盘没了,新的地盘也没分到,感觉上落空;外面的管理人员引进来,下面的人员成长起来,“老人”地位削弱等等。这种情况下,很多人感觉什么也得不到了,就会做出很极端的事情来,比如会让你也什么都得不到。 但是我认为,新东方每个人都是人才,尽管都有缺陷。我不能因为哪一个人做出对我不利的行为就把他的天才一起牺牲掉,我认为他们的才华以后新东方发展肯定有用。 比如徐小平(新东方三驾马车成员)的演讲、写作、学生咨询能力,即使到今天还能为新东方带来巨大的生意和影响。这种前提下,虽然管理上存在调整,但并不意味着,他在新东方没有一席之地。这东西也导致了新东方的复杂性。即某些人早就该出局了,但他还在管理位置上。因为我用他的强项,希望尽量限制他的短处。 主持人:但是一般人看起来,还是以你的妥协,即王强担任董事长职务宣告结束,归复平静。但处理与徐小平关系,你为什么让小股东在你们之间做出选择,你不害怕吗, 俞敏洪:管理上实在没有办法的时候,你要去解那个结,新东方利益的重新分配,最后的那个结,就在徐小平身上,小平只是一个代(2001年11月俞敏洪请小股东投票表决,是支持徐小平还是支持自己)。这个结不解,新东方就走不动了。最后大家做出决择,徐小平离开董事会。 成功者的二律背反 poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the 主持人:除了不善于管理,你认为是自己身上的哪些缺点导致了并激化了矛盾, 俞敏洪:我的缺陷有两个,一个是个性缺陷,一个是知识缺陷。 我一个人做事通常能够雷厉风行,但与一帮人做事时,要顾及这个人的面子,那个人的面子,就变得相对软弱。有些时候都是各打五十大板,你这样做也对,这样做也错,通常会使他们不知我最终的态度。 在利益分配时,总想保护每个人的利益,总想给每个人特别恰当的位置,同时由于过去深刻的友情关系,王强、徐小平从来不把我当做上下级的,他们都以为他们是我的上级,在管理上不能令行禁止。这就给后来者也养成了这样的习惯。 我个性太注重友情,太注重别人的感觉,我这个性看上去是宽容,过分了就是纵容的感觉。但是我没有办法,改不了,以至于新东方的管理结构没法建立,因为管理结构最重要的就是令行禁止,说一不二,我做不到。 主持人:好人好心导致坏的结果,主要是缺乏对机制和游戏规则的认同。也许正是王强、徐小平等人强烈的个性色彩,才使新东方在创业期间走出了一条别人没有走过的成功之路,现在所谓的知识缺陷,是不是主要是管理上的, 俞敏洪:现在最大的问题,是把不服管理的一群人装进一个管理结构中去,这里面我本身就是一个最大的一个不服管理的野马,现在每人都套上笼头,这个过程不是新东方过去一年和以后一年能完成的,我估计需两三年或者四五年。如果五年以后新东方的现代化管理结构与心态没有调整完,新东方还会面临一次重大的危机。 主持人:大家都套笼头,应该是一种利益分配机制和行为为大家认可, 俞敏洪:这个危机,新东方真正实现股权化管理后,大家不认同,想在这个结构下进行野马式的奔放就很难了。很多人拿到股权后,还依然想保留自己的那块地保持经营运作,自然会产生矛盾。 削藩的目的,是为整体强大。新东方大家有个共识,大家愿意被削,我是最大的“藩”。新东方每个人都能开出学校来,也会有点名气,但是大家没人出去,还在这儿干,证明集体还很有魅力。 主持人:团队其他成员对你的批评,出发点肯定是帮助、提升你,但他们没有考虑到效果,因为他们不会像你那样承担全局的责任。这其中我认为有“海龟派”与“本土派”的冲突,经理人与创业者的冲突,虽然徐小平、王强某种程度上不完全是“海龟”、不完全是经理人。 俞敏洪:我觉得这个冲突很正常,即使他们没有出过国,也会有管理上的冲突。从国外回来眼光和方式会有所不同。他们的话中100句有一句我能用,poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the 那可能就是受益无穷的事情了。他们讨论中的锋芒,我是从来不指责,一般指责或者发难,他们就会隐藏自己的观点,而在背后会更加渲泄地来表达,那更加不利了。 主持人:危机告一段落之后,你获得的最大收获是什么, 俞敏洪:这个收获很多,重新界定友情与发展的关系,重新界定朋友与管理者的关系,重新界定新东方的发展目标与管理结构,对我来说:我对人生哲学性的思考提高了一个层次,对一些原来看得很重的事情,看得淡了,对一些淡的事情,看得重了。 比如说原来拼命地干事业,对家庭生活、孩子的教育不注重,现在开始注重了。任何利益纷争都可以站得远一点看,有的时候自然就可以解决,有的时候体系能帮你解决,有的时候结构能帮你解决。你不用太拘泥这些东西,回头看生命在其中白白浪费了很多,你生命中本来可以珍惜的东西丢掉了。比如说对于孩子的个性与人品的教育比我自己拼命多赚点钱要重要得多。友情上注意分寸,保留一份关心与交流, 不过于求助于友情,让友情卷到痛苦与矛盾中来。 最大的问题是我自己 主持人:新东方存在着许多二律背反现象,这在中国企业界也普遍存在,如学校的发展离开徐、王等人,做不到今天这个规模;一开始离开了你的母亲的辛勤操持,也不会有今天。但这些曾对新东方发展作过巨大贡献的人,反过来又会对你继续做大这个事情产生影响:这种矛盾综合体一年多的危机中,你能够使大船不翻的经验是什么。 俞敏洪:挺不容易的,一个是管理上的二律背反,一个是个性上的二律背反。世界上许多人物,之所以能创造出一定的大业,常常是因为他们的个性,但是像拿破仑的失败也是因为他的个性,比如说他的坚定不移、个性独断导致了他征服了大半个欧洲,也同样导致了他的失败。 我实际上柔顺的个性,能容纳别人,还是一味地容纳已经滋长了他们的缺点,形成了新东方的新的矛盾也是来自这个个性。 我的个性作为一个没有掌握利益、权利的朋友来说,肯定特别好,但是作为一个管理者,会产生许多麻烦。我的个性缺陷与眼光造成了新东方发展的阻碍的时候,我是尽力在调整我自己的个性。本性难改,积重难返,几乎就有点扛不住的感觉。反正找问题的症结所在,因为我母亲个性比较强,她在此做事,大家不太舒服,那就叫我母亲不做了,当然要经过很多回合的说服。 徐小平、王强的制约也要难得多,养成了很多习惯,习惯就是我听他们的,他们不听我的。他们有极其强烈和张扬的个性,之间也好好闹闹不断。 主持人:我想其中都有利益的原因。另外,徐小平和王强身上,有强烈的艺术气质和北大学人的情结,你怎么看这些特质对新东方事业发展的利与弊, 俞敏洪:会有比较大的障碍,创业时与守业时是完全两种个性,所以北大人创poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the 业时很迅速,很大,但是后来又都倒掉了。善于创业,不善于守业,新东方能守到什么时候,我还打问号,当然现在这个问号越来越小。奔放的个性导致了新东方的极其夸张发展,但奔放的个性到了一定关键点时就做不下去了。 因为一个人可以奔放,100个人可以奔放,而管理一个集团军的时候就不能奔放,需要受到制度的制约。而且这个制度还要是长久性的制度,到现在为止,我仍然认为我不会管人,只会鼓动人。 主持人:危机告一段落,原来产生问题的根源没有得到彻底解决, 俞敏洪:是的,最大的问题就是我本人不善于做具体的管理工作。我现在考虑最多的是把位置让给能守业的人,但还没找到。一个是遗留的问题还存在,一个是新东方人的那种心态还存在。把我放在这儿,也不合适。 比如说柳传志作为联想的一个精神象征,就不会有缺陷;如果我现在只在重大的场合讲几句话,肯定精彩,容易引起共鸣。大家都知道我在这个位置不合适,但是现在把我拿掉,也有树倒猢狲散的感觉。 通过我的努力,能够使新东方个人山头主义的色彩越来越淡,所谓山头主义指我把一个人弄掉,或者我自己下去,新东方的结构就会受到很大的冲击。 主持人:从目前的情况看,没有人替代你,是一种痛苦;有人替代你,你也不一定放心,这是现实 poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the poultry industry will occupy a certain area of land, there is a modern product with comprehensive rollup of 50,000 chickens laying hens, covers an area of 14.87 hectares (233 acres) more (including Office of hatching, brood rearing, and laying House, eggs, feed processing workshop, Office, etc). The poultry industry should work in land conservation, not accounted for or less cultivated land, wasteland, the principle of slope land. When the chicken farm should generally not available to local arable land area to determine an appropriate level of breeding size and not, as in the past, first determine the size, then go to the expropriation. 3. energy-saving, water-saving awareness 2 ...Selected chicken farms should have the awareness of 1. environmentally conscious survival of mankind in the world owns and has only one Earth, protecting it is the sacred mission of mankind. The poultry industry at the same time to provide quality egg, chicken, also produces a lot of waste, sewage, harmful gases and organic waste. Bigger chickens, greater the emissions. If a quantity of 200,000 chickens laying hens, 1 from the tens of thousands of tons of chicken manure, 150,000 ~20 million cubic metres of sewage, if not handled properly may cause environmental pollution. Currently, environmental pollution is mainly nitrogen in poultry (in the form of manure and ammonia) and phosphate. As mentioned above, the effect of dietary protein level is too high (particularly the egg ratio is too high), and poor balance of amino acids in proteins, will reduce the chicken protein use efficiency, waste feed, increased feed costs, while nitrogen pollution to the
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