形容词的比较级和最高级

  ★形容词的比较级和最高级：  形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级。  3．原级：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。  e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 （一个人不作比较。）  太阳、月亮和地球那个大？  ★ 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：  1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级，加est构成最高级。  e.g. small smaller smallest     young younger youngest  2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词，直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级。  e.g. nice nicer nicest     late later latest  3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，变y为i ，再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级。  e.g. busy busier busiest  heavy heavier heaviest  4.在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， 构成比较级和最高级。  e.g. hot hotter hottest             big bigger biggest  5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。  e.g. good (well) better best   bad (badly, ill) worse worst  many(much) more most     little less least  far father farthest           或 further furthest  ★ 副词的比较级和最高级：  1.以ly 结尾的副词，除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully – more carefully – most carefully  2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast – faster—fastest  3.个别词是不规则变化，需要特别记忆。  如：well – better – best   far – farther – fastest     badly – worse – worst  4.句子中，副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。  e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike? 形容词变副词的规则：  1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick---quickly 2.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy---happily  少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。  但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely等。  形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：  一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。  分别举例如下：  quick—quickly,   true—truly,   happy—happily,   possible—possibly.  另外：  一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly  二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily  三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently  另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)  此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part-partly。  例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。  需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。  再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much. (adv.) 多谢。There is much water in the river. (adj.) 河里有很多水。The music is too loud. Please turn it down. (adj.) 音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。  另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English. 他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks English well. 他英语讲得不错。 多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly easy-easily  happy-happily     heavy-heavily  单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly gay-gayly (gaily)   sly-slyly (slily)  以ve结尾的词 去e加ly true-truly  以le结尾的词 去e加y gentle-gently     possible-possibly  其他以e结尾的词 一律加ly nice-nicely  wise-wisely           polite-politely  以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully  以ic结尾的词 加ally automatic-automatically  energetic-energetically  其他形容词 均加ly careful-carefully           glad-gladly 形容词的比较级专项  一、 变化规则；  1、 规则变化：（1）单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est：bright _____ ______; 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st：large; 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:easy； 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est:clever slow  （2）多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the.  (3) 部分形容词本身表示最高级，因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式：favourite round  2、 不规则变化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old;  注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever old far  二、 形容词各等级的用法：  1、 原级（同级）比较：as…as…; not as(so)…as…  We’ll give you as much help as we can.  She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.  2. 比较级：表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even等修饰： He made fewer mistakes than I did.  He is even richer than I.  3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：  It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.  He is the tallest of the three.  4、 如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：  John is the clever of the two boys.  Of the two boys, John is the clever.  三、 重点与难点：  1、 as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。  You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.  2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb.can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：  The man was too angry to be able to speak.  The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.  The milk was too hot to drink.  The milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.  (2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换：  He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.  The book is too difficult for me to read.=  The book is not easy enough for me to read.  3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义：  约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.  John is less stupid than Mike.     John is cleverer than Mike.  4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。  John is taller than any other boy in the class.  John is the tallest boy in the class.  John is taller than :any other boy.  any of the other boy.  all the other boy.  any of the others.  any one else.  5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:  The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.  The more food you eat, the fatter you are.  6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:  More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.  Our country is getting stronger and stronger.  四、 巩固练习：  （一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：  long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____  heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____  brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______ far____ _____  quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________  (二)用所给词的正确形式填空：  1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).  2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).  3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.  4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.  5. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.  6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.  7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.  8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.  9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.  10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)  (三)选择填空：  1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.  A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired  2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?  A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst  3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.  A. the expensive one B. one most expensive  C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them  4. The line is ____ than that one.  A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer  5. The earth is _____ the moon. A. as 49 times big as  B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as  D.as big as 49 times  6. The book is ____ of the two.  A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest  7. She looks _____ than she does.  A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older  8. The garden is becoming ______.  A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful  C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler  9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____.  A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better  C. fastest and better D. faster and better  10.______ hurry, _______speed.  A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little  11. This kind of coffee is different ______.  A. and it is also better B. and better than the other  C. but also than others D. from the other, and better  (四)翻译句子：  1． 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.  2． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.  3． 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.  4． 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one.  5． 他比我大两岁。He is _____ ______ ______ than I.  6． 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.  7． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.  8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English.  9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _______ he gets.  10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two.