电脑不能启动的原因

电脑不能启动的原因 1、系统不承认硬盘 此类故障比较常见，即从硬盘无法启动，从A盘启动也无法进入C盘，使用CMOS中的自动监测功能也无法发现硬盘的存在。这种故障大都出现在连接电缆或IDE口端口上，硬盘本身的故障率很少 ，可通过重新插拔硬盘电缆或者改换IDE口及电缆等进行替换试验，可很快发现故障的所在。如果新接上的硬盘不承认，还有一个常见的原因就是硬盘上的主从条线 ，如果硬盘接在IDE的主盘位置，则硬盘必须跳为主盘状，跳线错误一般无法检测到硬盘。 2、CMOS引起的故障 CMOS的正确与否直接影响硬盘的正常使用，这里主要指其中的硬盘类型。好在现在的机器都支持”IDE auto detect”的功能，可自动检测硬盘的类型。当连接新的硬盘或者更换新的硬盘后都要通过此功能重新进行设置类型 。当然，现在有的类型的主板可自动识别硬盘的类型。当硬盘类型错误时，有时干脆无法启动系统，有时能够启动，但会发生读写错误。比如CMOS中的硬盘类型小于实际的硬盘容量 ，则硬盘后面的扇 区将无法读写，如果是多分区状态则个别分区将丢失。还有一个重要的故障原因，由于目前的IDE都支持逻辑参数类型，硬盘可采用Normal、LBA、Large等 。如果在一般的模式下安装了数据，而又在CMOS中改为其他的模式，则会发生硬盘的读写错误故障，因为其物理地质的映射关系已经改变 ，将无法读取原来的正确硬盘位置。 3、主引导程序引起的启动故障 硬盘的主引导扇区是硬盘中的最为敏感的一个部件，其中的主引导程序是它的一部分，此段程序主要用于检测硬盘分区的正确性，并确定活动分区，负责把引导权移交给活动分区的DOS或其他操作系统 。此段程序损坏将无法从硬盘引导，但从软区或光区之后可对硬盘进行读写。修复此故障的方法较为简单，使用高版本DOS的fdisk最为方便，当带参数/mbr运行时 ，将直接更换(重写)硬盘的主引导程序。实际上硬盘的主引导扇区正是此程序建立的，fdisk.exe之中包含有完整的硬盘主引导程序。虽然DOS版本不断更新 ，但硬盘的主引导程序一直没有变化，从DOS 3.x到目前有winDOS 95的DOS，所以只要找到一种DOS引导盘启动系统并运行此程序即可修复 。另外，像kv300等其他工具软件也具有此功能。 4、分区表错误引导的启动故障 分区表错误是硬盘的严重错误，不同错误的程度会造成不同的损失。如果是没有活动分区标志，则计算机无法启动。但从软区或光区引导系统后可对硬盘读写，可通过fdisk重置活动分区进行修复 。如果是某一分区类型错误，可造成某一分区的丢失。分区表的第四个字节为分区类型值，正常的可引导的大于32mb的基本DOS分区值为06，而扩展的DOS分区值是05。如果把基本DOS分区类型改为05则无法启动系统 ，并且不能读写其中的数据。如果把06改为DOS不识别的类型如efh，则DOS认为改分区不是 DOS分区，当然无法读写。很多人利用此类型值实现单个分区的加密技术 ，恢复原来的正确类型值即可使该分区恢复正常。分区表中还有其他数据用于纪录分区的起始或终止地址。这些数据的损坏将造成该分区的混乱或丢失，一般无法进行手工恢复 ，唯一的方法是用备份的分区表数据重新写回，或者从其他的相同类型的并且分区状况相同的硬盘上获取分区表数据，否则将导致其他的数据永久的丢失。在对主引导扇区进行操作时 ，可采用nu等工具软件，操作非常的方便，可直接对硬盘主引导扇区进行读写或编辑。当然也可采用debug进行操作，但操作繁琐并且具有一定的风险。 5、分区有效标志错误引起的硬盘故障 在硬盘主引导扇区中还存在一个重要的部分，那就是其最后的两个字节:55aah，此字为扇区的有效标志。当从硬盘，软盘或光区启动时，将检测这两个字节，如果存在则认为有硬盘存在 ，否则将不承认硬盘。此标志时从硬盘启动将转入rom basic或提示放入软盘。从软盘启动时无法转入硬盘。此处可用于整个硬盘的加密技术。可采用debug方法进行恢复处理。另外，DOS引导扇区仍有这样的标志存在 ，当DOS引导扇区无引导标志时，系统启动将显示为:”missing operating system”。其修复的方法可采用的主引导扇区修复方法 ，只是地址不同，更方便的方法是使用下面的DOS系统通用的修复方法。 遭遇停电 现象:显示器，主机，音箱等会在一瞬间“强行关闭”。 现象分析:这是突然“停电”造成的。由停电的瞬间产生的电压波动会冲击电脑硬件的芯片，电路，电阻等。而一旦停电时您正在进行磁盘读写操作，则有可能产生坏道，或当你在编写文稿时，则数据资料就会丢失„„ 应当之策:配电脑时选配个品牌电源，这样能最大限度的从电源上减小电压波动对硬件造成的不良影响。停电后，关闭所有电源，以防下次来电时显示器和部份ATX电源同时启动，这样会造成对硬件的不良损害。当您用WORD编辑文稿时，用上WORD的自动保存功能。如果停电的瞬间恰好您在对磁盘进行操作，建议您下次开机不要在启动时跳过磁盘检测，检测有无产生坏道。一旦发现坏道，则用Norton，PQmagic等工具软件来修复或屏蔽坏道。另外，如果您经济上许可，建议选配一个UPS，为电脑提供一段时间的断电保护。 自动关机 现象:电脑在正常运行过程中，突然自动关闭系统或重启系统。 现象分析:现今的主板对CPU有温度监控功能，一旦CPU温度过高，超过了主板BIOS中所设定的温度，主板就会自动切断电源，以保护相关硬件。另一方面，系统中的电源管理和病毒软件也会导致这种现象发生。 应当之策:上述突然关机现象如果一直发生，先确认CPU的散热是否正常。开机箱目测风扇叶片是否工作正常，再进入 BIOS选项看风扇的转速和CPU的工作温度。发现是风扇的问题，就对风扇进行相关的除尘维护或更换质量更好的风扇。如果排除硬件的原因，进入系统，从“吻到死”的安装光盘中覆盖安装电源管理，再彻底查杀病毒。当这些因素都排除时，故障的起因就可能是电源老化或损坏，这可以通过替换电源法来确认，电源坏掉就换个新的，切不可继续使用，会烧毁硬件的。 系统当机 现象:桌面被锁定，鼠标不能动，严重时连热启动(Alt+Ctrl+Delete)都不行。还有就是蓝屏现象。 现象分析:“吻到死”系统自身的BUG以及各软件间的兼容性问题是该故障的原因，也可能是用户同一时间运行了过多的大程序，从而导致进程阻塞，引发当机。 应对之策:当机分2种，真当和假当，二者区分的最简单方法是按下小键盘区的Numlock键，观察其指示灯有无变化。有，则假当;反之，真当。假当可以同时按下ALT+CTRL+DEL在出现的任务列表里选定程序名后标注没有响应的项，单击结束任务。真当，只有冷启动了。对于蓝屏，在按下ESC键无效后，选择重启，按机箱面板上的复位键(Reset)。对于兼容 性问题，可以从卸载“问题”软件和更新主板BIOS和相关主板驱动程序上来解决。 病毒发作 现象:系统运行缓慢，当机，非法操作，硬盘灯乱闪，经常蓝屏，以及莫名奇妙的系统提示„„ 现象分析:病毒实质上是一种恶意的电脑程序代码，病毒通过大量的自身复制，同时在系统中隐秘运行，占有系统资源，严重的还会对软件和硬件造成破坏，如CIH，硬盘锁等。 应对之策:道高一尺，魔低一丈，病毒的克星是杀毒软件。一旦怀疑自己的机器染上病毒，请重新启动系统到DOS，运行正版的杀毒软件(DOS版)这样可以杀掉在“吻到死”下杀不了的病毒;而后再启动到系统桌面，运行杀毒软件的WINDOWS版本进行再杀毒。另一方面，由于病毒发作严重时会破坏一些文件;我们就在病毒发作之前把重要的文件备份到C盘之外其它驱动器，且把数据文件的属性设定为只读。同时，大家要时刻更新杀毒软件病毒库，少用盗版碟，已上网的朋友们对不明的邮件附件千万不要下载。 系统故障 现象:进不了系统，典型表现为开机自检通过，在启动画面处停止，或显示:The disk is error等有英(E)文提示的诸多现象。 现象分析:此为系统故障，可由很多原因引起，比较常见的就是系统文件被修改，破坏，或是加载了不正常的命令行。此外，硬盘的故障也是原因之一。 应对之策:首先要尝试能否进入安全模式，开机按F8键，选择启动菜单里的第三项:Safe model(安全模式)。进入安全模式后，可以通过设备管理器和系统文件检查器来找寻故障，遇到有“～”号的可以查明正身再确定是否del或设置中断。也可以重装驱动程序，系统文件受损可以从安装文件恢复(建议事先就把WINDOWS的安装盘复制在硬盘里)。如果连安全模式都不能进入，就通过带启动的光盘或是软盘启动到DOS，在DOS下先杀毒并且用Dir检查C盘内的系统文件是否完整，必要时可通过系统软盘进行Sys C:，恢复相关的基本系统文件。如果C盘内没有发现文件，则只有对系统进行彻底重装。 驱动丢失 现象:开机时16色显示，放音频文件时显示“XXX”设备正被占用。 现象分析:排除病毒的原因后，这种现象多发生在用过N个月的老机子上，或用户新近动过主机内的部件，(如显卡和PCI卡)，则可能造成该硬件的接触不良，导致系统实质上并没有彻底检测到相关硬件。 应对之策:重新安装显卡的驱动程序，并检查相关配件与主板是否完全接触:一是要保证显卡，声卡金手指上的清洁，二是将其插入相关插槽时用力适当，对准垂直插入即可，再接上与之搭配的音箱和显示器连线。必要时，可以更换PCI卡的插槽位置，避免和显卡产生资源冲突。 开机黑屏 现象:开机黑屏，没有显示，可能会有报警声。 现象分析:硬件之间接触不良，或硬件发生故障，相关的硬件涉及到内存，显卡，CPU，主板，电源等。电脑的开机要先通过电源供电，再由主板的BIOS引导自检，而后通过CPU， 内存，显卡等。这个过程反映在屏幕上叫自检，先通过显卡BIOS的信息，再是主板信息，接着内存，硬盘，光驱等。如果这中间哪一步出了问题，电脑就不能正常启动，甚至黑屏。 应对之策:首先确认外部连线和内部连线是否连接顺畅。外部连线有显示器，主机电源等。内部有主机电源和主机电源接口的连线(此处有时接触不良)。比较常见的原因是:显卡，内存由于使用时间过长，与空气中的粉尘长期接触，造成金手指上的氧化层，从而导致接触不良。对此，用棉花粘上适度的酒精来回擦拭金手指，待干后插回。除此外，观察CPU是否工作正常，开机半分钟左右，用手触摸CPU风扇的散热片是否有温度。有温度，则CPU坏掉的可能性就可基本排除。没温度就整理一下CPU的插座，确保接触到位。这之后还没温度，阁下的CPU就可以升级了:(除了上面的方法外，还有一招必杀技:用拔跳线的方法清除BIOS设置或更换主板的CMOS电池。 怪响异味 现象:听到怪响或者闻到异味。 现象分析:怪响，可能是由于硬盘的坏道造成硬盘发出的 (格格的刺耳声);也有可能是硬盘，光驱螺丝没有上牢，造成机箱的共振。异味，多为焦糊味，很刺鼻子的那种。 应对之策:首先关闭电源。若是怪响，则打开机箱面板，一一检查，若是坏道，则修复或屏蔽。对于异味，要千万小心。这时用你的鼻子闻闻，找到发出异味的部件，然后卸下交由电脑公司处理，在这中间，大家一定要捍卫自己的消费者权益。(没过质保期的——该换的换，该修的修。)这个千万大意不得～因为，笔者的昂达光驱就是闻到焦糊味后断电不及(慢了N秒)给活活烧坏驱动芯片的，而后，再拿钱找JS大叔也没办法。(所以大家如果闻到异味，马上断掉电源，然后再下开机箱寻找原因，但是显示器千万别开，只能交由专业人员维修，那可是有高压电的，千万别拿自己的生命开玩笑。 系统是否需重装，三条法则帮你忙 如果系统出现以下三种情况之一，应该是你考虑重装系统的时候了: 1)系统运行效率变得低下，垃圾文件充斥硬盘且散乱分布又不便于集中清理和自动清理; 2)系统频繁出错，而故障又不便于准确定位和轻易解决; 3)系统不能启动。 重新安装系统前，最好先列备份单 在因系统崩溃或出现故障而准备重装系统前，首先应该想到的是备份好自己的数据。这时，一定要静下心来，仔细罗列一下硬盘中需要备份的资料，把它们一项一项地写在一张纸上，然后逐一对照进行备份。如果你的硬盘不能启动了，这时需要考虑用其他启动盘启动系统后，拷贝自己的数据，或将硬盘挂接到其他电脑上进行备份。为了避免出现硬盘数据不能恢复的灾难发生，最好在平时就养成每天备份重要数据的习惯。 用户文档是珍宝，首当其冲备份好 在需要备份的数据中，用户文档是首先要考虑备份的数据。如果你是编辑或作者，就需要首先备份自己的稿件;如果你是老师，需要首先备份自己的讲义;如果你是作曲家，则需要首先备份自己的曲目„„通常，用户的文档数据是放在“我的文档”文件夹中的。如果用户另外指定了存放的文件夹，则需要备份的是相应的文件夹。 上网老手变成瞎，只因忘备收藏夹 经常上网浏览的用户，一般都收藏有个人特色的地址列表。下次需要搜索同类时，打开“收藏夹”便可轻松到达目的地。重装系统时，如果忘记备份自己的收藏夹，安装的新系统对你来说几乎只有一个空的收藏夹，以前保留的好地址就会不翼而飞，你将会感到瞎眼一般。虽然你可能会说，我有Google等好的搜索引擎，但本来一步就可到位的工作人为地变得相对复杂多了，何苦呢,所以，重装系统前一定要备份好“收藏夹”。Windows 2000的收藏夹是系统分区下的文件夹，中间的用户名因人而异。 要保录入高速度，备份输入法词库 现在，录入汉字无非是采用笔型和拼音两大类输入法。而目前主流的笔型和拼音输入法都带有智能成分，也就是可以自动或半自动地记忆用户形成的个性化词库。个人用户在带有自己特色的词库环境下录入汉字，工作效率会大大提高。如果重装系统时忘记备份输入法用户词库，系统重装完毕后，输入工作中的个性词汇积累工作相当于从零开始。因此，别忘了备份输入法用户词库。用户词库一般在系统的或文件夹下，有的输 入法本身就含有自己的词库备份接口，使用很方便。 邮箱、QQ备份好，八方联系断不了 电子邮件和QQ等聊天工具是我们现代人主要的联络工具。重装系统时，一定不要忘记备份自己的邮箱地址簿和QQ好友信息。邮件地址和QQ聊天好友的信息都可以用相应软件的导出功能进行备份。为避免系统崩溃后无法进行这些资料的备份，最好在平时就养成定时备份这些数据的习惯，将系统崩溃后这方面的损失降到最小。其实，FoxMail和QQ都是准绿色软件，你只需在平时压缩这两个软件的文件夹并保存起来备用即可。 驱动程序备份好，下次装机不用找 装机后的第一感觉应该是屏幕闪得让你眼睛难受，喇叭一点声音也没有。这是没有安装显卡和声卡驱动程序的缘故。如果你的系统中还有其他板卡或外设，还得重新安装其驱动程序。有些用户的这些驱动程序是拷贝在硬盘文件夹中的，没有安装盘。这时，你就需要特别留意，安装系统前一定要把自己的驱动程序备份出来。 原有目录先别删，请先准备安装盘 如果原来的系统下的文件还可以用诸如启动盘等进行访问，在决定重新安装操作系统并结束备份工作后，先不要急于删除或化你原有的系统，应该静下心来仔细想想原来的系统分区中还没有你需要保留的文件。再三考虑无误后，接下来的事就应该是准备你的安装光盘了。需要注意的是，你需要在系统BIOS中将光驱设置为第一启动盘。 软件说明或封套，那里备有序列号 安装序列号可是个关键的东西，如果你不小心丢掉自己的安装序列号，而又采用全新安装，安装过程将无法进行下去。正规的安装光盘的序列号应该在软件说明书或光盘封套的某个位置上。但是，如果你用的是某些软件合集光盘中提供的测试版系统，那么，这些序列号可能是存在于安装目录中的某个说明文本中，比如SN.TXT等文件。所以，首先要将序列号读出并记录下来以备稍后使用。 系统出错缺文件，覆盖安装试一遍 如果系统启动时提示你少某些文件，或者某些文件出了问 题，这时，你先别急于格式化自己的硬盘，而应该首先尝试进行覆盖安装。覆盖安装的要点是，先进入安全模式或启动到DOS下，然后执行安装光盘上的SETUP.EXE或其他用来启动安装程序的文件。注意在安装过程中要选择将系统文件安装在与原来系统相同的目录中。经过这样的安装，一般的问题大多可以得到修复，更重要的是以前安装的一些应用软件还可以继续使用。 覆盖安装不奏效，删除安装新一套 如果按以上所提的覆盖安装方法没有能够解决你的问题，那么你可以在确认备份工作完成后，并且各类驱动程序都已经准备好的情况下，先用启动盘启动系统，而后用FORMAT命令格式化你的系统分区，随后执行安装盘上的SETUP.EXE或用来安装的可执行文件，进行全新安装就可以了。 倘若没有驱动盘，另起目录全新安 如果按以上所提的覆盖安装方法没有能够解决你的问题，而你又没有把握知道自己是否还有需要备份的东西，或者你不想格式化自己的分区，那么，你可以用另起目录的安装法。方法是，用启动盘启动后执行安装文件，把系统安装在与先前系 统不同的目录下。这样，原来的驱动程序还在旧的系统目录中。如果你的驱动程序丢失，当系统发现新的硬件时，你可以按系统提示到原来的目录里找到硬件的驱动程序。当所有硬件驱动程序安装完毕后，你就可以放心删掉原来的系统目录了。 想要体验新震撼，升级安装需替换 如果你使用的是较低版本的操作系统，而你想体验同一软件公司刚刚推出的新一代操作系统，那么你可以用升级安装的办法实现你的想法。方法是直接在低级操作系统环境下运行高级操作系统的安装文件即可。操作系统一般说来都是向下兼容的，Windows 98下可以升级安装为Windows 2000或Windows XP，Windows 2000下可以升级安装为Windows XP。升级安装后原来的大部分程序还可以继续使用。 难舍旧情又求新，请君安装多系统 如果你不愿意丢掉原来的低级操作系统，同时又想体验一下新一代操作系统的魅力，那么，你可以安装双系统。方法是:在低级操作系统(如Windows 98)下，执行高级操作系统安装盘上的安装文件如SETUP.EXE，然后在安装过程中选择安装在新的目录而不是选择升级安装即可。这样，当安装结束并重新 启动系统后，便会出现双系统菜单。多系统安装方法也是如此，只是最好遵守先低级、后高级的安装次序，否则会出现许多麻烦。 硬盘备份安装盘，再装系统更方便 为了消除安装时经常到处找安装盘的烦恼，我们可以将系统安装盘备份到自己的电脑中。具体方法是:在你的硬盘的数据备份区中创建文件夹如，将系统安装光盘中的所有文件拷贝到该文件夹中。需要重新安装时运行其中的SETUP.EXE或其他安装文件就可以了。 倘若系统未崩溃，部分恢复安装快 如果Windows 98系统没有完全崩溃，但有些系统错误通过磁盘扫描或纠错软件又无法修复，这时可以使用Windows 98的部分恢复安装程序。这个安装程序可以在Windows 98光盘的文件夹里找到。方法是:转入DOS状态，进入目录，运行PCRESTOR，安装程序将会启动。这种安装的速度和硬盘安装的速度差不多，它不会造成数据丢失。同时，重新设置硬件时，一般都会自动完成。 双启菜单故障难，只需2000安装盘 如果在安装了Windows 2000后又安装了Windows 98，系统双启动菜单丢失了。这时，可用如下办法解决。首先在BIOS中将启动顺序调整为CD-ROM引导优先，然后将Windows 2000安装盘放入光驱。等自动加载完安装程序后，系统会问你是重新安装还是修复，不用管它，直接退出。最后到CMOS中把启动顺序再改为硬盘启动优先，这样再次开机后就会出现选择菜单了。 不用2000系统盘，照样修复双启单 假如Windows 98安装在C盘，Windows 2000安装在D盘，E盘是用户数据区。我们可以事先将启动分区根目录下的BOOT.INI、NTLDR、NTDETECT.COM、BOOTSECT.DOS、IO.SYS、MSDOS.SYS、BOOTFONT.BIN等七个文件备份到我们的E分区。在我们重新安装系统不当而使双启动系统菜单发生混乱时，可以将这七个文件拷贝到启动分区下覆盖一下，就可解决问题了。 克隆备份好手段，系统工具一并攒 也许你会觉得每次重装系统最麻烦的不是重装系统本身，而是寻找和安装各类应用软件和实用小工具。这时，一个非常经典的软件Norton Ghost可以解决你的问题。当你安装完系统和一些工具软件后，只要用Ghost软件的备份分区功能将刚才装好的系统连同工具打包成一个文件。当需要恢复时，先用启动盘启动DOS，然后用Ghost把这个文件包快速恢复到原来的分区中即可。网吧安装多台相同的电脑多用此法，电脑老手们也惯用此法。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.