孕妇应该吃什么

孕妇应该吃什么 准妈妈的营养进食有没有原则可以遵循呢,在强化营养摄取的孕期，准妈妈们有哪些需要特别注意的事项呢,就让我们一起来寻找答案吧～ 特别推荐:孕中期作好营养补充 孕期营养过剩对母婴都不好 PART1 三阶段补充营养原则 孕早期 大多数孕妇在孕早期会出现恶心、呕吐、食欲不振等妊娠反应，吃什么都不香，这种状况下，营养的摄入怎样能得以保证呢, 处于孕早期的准妈妈大多受妊娠反应困扰，胃口不佳，这个阶段，准妈妈并不用刻意让自己多吃些什么，与其每天对着鸡鸭鱼肉发愁，不如多选择自己喜欢的食物，以增进食欲。对于油腻、抑制食欲的食物，大可不必勉强吃下去。 营养原则1:孕早期的膳食以清淡、易消化吸收为宜。 营养原则2:孕妇应当尽可能选择自己喜欢的食物。 营养原则3:为保证蛋白质的摄入量，孕妇可适当补充奶类、蛋类、豆类、硬果类食物。 营养原则4:在孕早期注意摄入叶酸，因为叶酸关系到胎儿的神经系统发育。若怀孕时缺乏叶酸，容易造成胎儿神经管的缺陷，如无脑儿或脊柱裂，并且发生兔唇、颚裂的机会也升高。许多天然食物中含有丰富的叶酸，各种绿色蔬菜(如菠菜、生菜、芦笋、小白菜、花椰菜等)，及动物肝肾、豆类、水果(香蕉、草莓、橙子等)、奶制品等都富含叶酸。 营养原则5:维生素的供给要充足。如果准妈妈的妊娠反应严重影响了正常进食，可在医生建议下适当补充综合维生素片。 饮食巧安排 根据自己的胃口进食，不必刻意多吃或少吃什么。少吃多餐，能吃就吃，是这段时期孕妇饮食的主要方针。这段时期，如进食的嗜好有所改变也不必忌讳，吃些酸的食品可能会增进食欲。 孕中期 进入孕中期，准妈妈的食欲逐渐好转，这时，不少准妈妈在家人的劝说及全力配合下，开始了大规模的营养补充计划。不仅要把前段时间的营养损失补回来，还要在孕晚期胃口变差之前，把营养储存个够。 孕中期是胎儿迅速发育的时期，处于孕中期的准妈妈体重迅速增加。这时，准妈妈要补充足够的热能和营养素，才能满足自身和胎儿迅速生长的需要。当然，孕妇也不能不加限制地过rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 多进食。过度进食不仅会造成准妈妈身体负担过重，还可能导致妊娠糖尿病的产生。 营养原则1:荤素兼备、粗细搭配，食物品种多样化。 营养原则2:避免挑食、偏食，防止矿物质及微量元素的缺乏。 营养原则3:避免进食过多的油炸、油腻的食物和甜食(包括水果)，防止出现自身体重增加过快。 营养原则4:适当注意补充含铁丰富的食物，如动物肝、血和牛肉等，预防缺铁性贫血。同时补充维生素C也能增加铁的吸收。 营养原则5:孕妇对钙的需求有所增加，多食用含钙较多的食物，如奶类、豆制品、虾皮和海带等。 饮食巧安排 这段时期孕吐已消失，准妈妈食欲较好，胎儿生长发育较快，因此，准妈妈孕妇要充分吸取营养以保证母婴的需要，但对碳水化合物类食物不要摄入过多，要充分保证钙、磷、铁、蛋白质、维生素的摄入量，并适当增加粗粮及含钙食品。 孕晚期 进入最后的冲刺阶段，营养的贮存对准妈妈来说显得尤为重要。安全、健康、合理的饮食，是胎儿健康出生的必要前提。不过，有些体重增长过快的孕妇在医生下开始控制饮食，为了防止胎儿长得过大，她们只好把自己的?quot;缩缩小"。 最后3个月是胎儿生长最快的阶段，孕妇的膳食要保证质量、品种齐全。由于各个孕妇的具体情况不同，产科医生通常会根据孕晚期的营养特点，结合孕妇的具体情况，让孕妇的饮食做出相应调整。 营养原则1:饮食保证质量、品种齐全。 营养原则2:适当增加热能、蛋白质和必需脂肪酸的摄入量(多吃海鱼可利于DHA的供给)，适当限制碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入(即减少米、面等主食的量)，少吃水果，以免胎儿长得过大，影响顺利分娩。 营养原则3:增加钙和铁的摄入。经常摄取奶类、鱼和豆制品;虾皮、动物的肝脏和血液含铁量很高，应经常食用。 营养原则4:注意控制盐分和水分的摄入量，以免发生浮肿，甚至引起孕毒症; 营养原则5:对于一些含能量高的食物，如白糖、蜂蜜等甜食宜少吃，以防止食欲降低，影响其它营养素的摄入量。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 营养原则6:多选择体积小、营养价值高的食物，如动物性食品;减少营养价值低而体积大的食物，如土豆、红薯等。 饮食巧安排 准妈妈根据自身体重的增加来调整食谱，为分娩储存必要的能量。饮食的调味要尽量清淡，少吃盐和酱油，实在难以下咽时，可以用果酱、醋来调味。平时可少吃多餐。 PART2 准妈妈营养过犹不及 许多准妈妈一旦发现自己怀孕后，就开始担心自己是否缺这缺那，担心宝宝的营养不够齐全。在她们看来，只要是对胎儿有帮助的东西，都应该尽量的吃，这样才不会让自己肚子里的宝宝输在身体发育的起跑线上。其实，有些营养补充太多也不好。准妈妈吃得过多，补得过头，到头来倒霉的还是肚子里的小宝宝。更何况有些孕妇只是自己不断变胖，肚子里的宝宝却没享到多少"福"。 那么，一些营养过量，会带来什么样的不良后果呢, 维生素过量 孕妇若每天服用超过一万单位(I.U.)的维生素A，则有1/4机会造成胎儿畸形，如先天性心脏病以及眼睛、颚裂、耳朵的畸形，另外有1/4机会造成智障。若维生素D补充过多(每日超过15毫克)，容易造成孕妇的软组织的钙化。 补锌过量 如果准妈妈对于锌的补充超过每日45毫克，容易造成早产。 铁的补充要谨慎 建议孕妇在怀孕3个月以上时再补充铁。一般来说，孕妇每天补充30毫克铁即可(除非有严重贫血)，服用铁剂应在空腹时且不要同时服用钙及镁，因为钙、镁会抑制铁的吸收。 水果过量 许多准妈妈为了生个健康、漂亮的宝宝而拼命吃水果，甚至还把水果当蔬菜来吃。她们都相信:吃水果多多益善。 其实，水果并不能代替蔬菜。水果中的纤维素成分并不高，但是蔬菜里的纤维素成分却很高。有些水果中糖分含量很高(如西瓜、葡萄等)，摄入过多，可能引发妊娠糖尿病。 上了年纪的人殊不知多吃水果可能导致准妈妈患上妊娠糖尿病。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 过度饮食，体重超标 怀孕不是生病。一些准妈妈把自己当成了长期病号，在怀孕的280天里，吃得太多、太好，而运动又太少，结果造成体重大大超标。 准妈妈超重带来的后果是不可轻视的，不仅在孕期会造成孕妇并发症增高，不利于胎儿成长，在分娩时，也会有困难。 准妈妈提醒 根据个人体质补充营养 大多数准妈妈都是健康的。一个孕前身体健康、营养均衡的女性，她只需在医生的指导下适当补充孕期所需的食物和营养，保证优质蛋白、维生素、矿物质、微量元素的摄入即可，完全不必刻意地大补特补。进入怀孕中后期，含脂肪及糖类较高的食物不但无需过多食用，还要适量控制。 而对于身体瘦弱、体重少于正常值的孕妇，怀孕期间应尽量多吃，增加食物摄入量，这样才能使身体有足够的体能和热量，负担得起孕育健康宝宝的使命。对于生多胞胎的准妈妈应尽量多吃，以满足每个孩子的营养需求。 对于那些有糖尿病史或怀孕期间血糖过高的孕妇，她们在孕期应严格监测并控制血糖，严格按照医生的指导来安排每日食谱。 PART3 饮食禁忌和误区 孕妇饮食有禁忌 常听老人们说，怀孕的女人是不能吃山楂的，荔枝、桂圆也要少吃。孕妇的饮食是否真有如此多的讲究呢,到底哪些食物不能吃，哪些要少吃,下文中我们就将为你列出孕期饮食中的一些主要禁忌。 孕妇禁忌1:山楂果及其制品，孕妇不吃为宜。现代医学证实:山楂对妇女子宫有收缩作用，如果孕妇大量食用山楂食品，就会刺激子宫收缩，甚至导致流产。 孕妇禁忌2:孕妇应避免进食热性食物，因为热性食物使人体内热加重，有碍机体聚血养胎，荔枝和桂圆恰恰属于这类水果。 孕妇禁忌3:孕妇忌吃刺激性食物:咖啡、浓茶、辛辣食品、饮酒、丈夫吸烟等均会对胎儿产生不良刺激，影响正常发育，甚至引起胎儿畸形。 孕妇禁忌4:加工食品和罐头食品。经过加工的半成品食物虽然美味可口，但这些食物在加工过程中，需要加入一定的添加剂，如人工合成的色素、香精、甜味剂及防腐剂等，准妈妈应尽量少吃。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 孕妇禁忌5:孕妇忌吃未经煮熟的鱼、肉、蛋等食物。生的鱼、肉等食物中往往含有绦虫、囊虫等寄生虫，直接食用这些食品可以使人感染疾病。生鸡蛋的蛋白质不易被蛋白水解酶水解，不易被肠道吸收，而且生鸡蛋常常被细菌污染，直接食用很容易得肠胃炎。经烟熏、腌制、烧烤的食物也应尽量不吃。 孕妇禁忌6:人参属大补元气之品，准妈妈滥用人参进补，可导致气盛阴虚，很容易上火;还会出现呕吐、水肿及高血压等症状，可引起见红、流产及早产等危险情况。除此之外，鹿茸、鹿胎、蜂王浆等补品，准妈妈们也不宜服用。 孕妇禁忌7:茴香、花椒、辣椒粉、胡椒等调味品性热且有刺激性，准妈妈的肠蠕动本就减缓，若再服用此类食品，易造成便秘。 补充营养，不要误入歧途 由于传统观念和营养知识不足等多种原因，孕妇在280天强化营养的过程中，常常会不经意地走入一些误区，导致了不必要的麻烦。 误区一:盲目购买营养保健品。价格昂贵的营养品一定比普通食物好吗,准妈妈在选择营养品时，主要该考虑的是自己的身体是否需要进补，而不是盲目听从销售商的花言巧语，许多营养品的吸收效果并不会比普通食物更好(如鲜牛奶的补钙功效未必就比直接补充钙剂差)，有些营养品甚至根本不适合孕妇食用。准妈妈在决定购买营养品前，最好先咨询一下有经验的产科医生。 误区二:以保健品代替正常饮食。为了加强营养，一些准妈妈们每天要补充很多营养品，诸如蛋白粉、综合维生素、钙片、铁剂、孕妇奶粉等等，大量营养品下肚，某些准妈妈就认为自己的营养已经足够了，日常三餐的营养保证不了也没什么关系。其实这样做反而对身体不利，因为营养品大都是强化某种营养素或改善某一种功能的产品，单纯使用还不如保证普通膳食的营养均衡来得更为有效。 误区三:一人餐两人分。很多女性在得知自己怀孕后，就努力开始加大饭量，希望借此来满足胎儿的营养需要。几乎所有的准妈妈都相信只要自己吃的多，宝宝就一定会健康。其实，怀孕的妈妈即使进食量加倍，也不等于宝宝在妈妈的肚子里就可以吸收所有妈妈比以前多吃的那些食物的全部营养，准妈妈多吃的那部分，很可能大都变成了自己身上的肥肉。孩子的营养是否够，关键在于准妈妈对食物的科学性选择，而不是靠盲目多吃来达到。 误区四:有营养的东西摄入越多越好。在孕期中加强营养是必须的，但营养摄入绝非多多益善。太多的营养摄入会加重身体的负担，并存积过多的脂肪，导致肥胖和冠心病的发生。体重过重还限制了准妈妈的体育锻炼，致使她们抗病能力下降，并造成分娩困难。 误区五:多吃菜，少吃饭。许多人认为菜比饭更有营养，准妈妈应该把肚子留下来多吃菜。这种观点是极其错误的，饭是米面等主食，是能量的主要来源，一个孕中、晚期的孕妇一天应摄入400,500克的米面及其制品。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 误区六:补钙就要多喝骨头汤。为了补钙，有的准妈便按照老人的指点猛喝骨头汤。其实，喝骨头汤补钙的效果并不理想。骨头中的钙不容易溶解在汤中，也不容易被人体的肠胃吸收，而喝了过多骨头汤，反而可能因为油腻，引起孕妇不适。 有医学根据的饮食禁忌 1.不要过量吸取维他命A。 孕妇摄取太多的维他命A，会导致早产和胎儿发育不健全，所以每日只可摄取 400-1250微克的维他命A，其中猪肝含极丰富维他命A，孕妇切忌过量进食。 2.要限制饮用含咖啡因的饮品。 摄取太多咖啡因会影响胎儿的骨骼成长，有可能出现手指、脚趾畸形的情况，也会增加流产、早产、婴儿体重过轻的情况。最好避免饮用含有咖啡因的饮品，如果非喝不可，每日不可多过2杯咖啡或3杯半浓茶。 3.避免喝酒 如果喝太多酒，会令胎儿畸形，影响胎儿智商和生理上的发展，基本上是避免喝。2杯啤酒、或1杯葡萄酒为极限。 4.避免高糖、高脂肪食物 吃太多高糖、高脂肪食物如汽水、糖、薯片，令孕妇过胖，从而增加妊娠性糖尿病、妊娠性高血压的情况，除增加日后患糖尿病和血压高的机会之外，分娩时也会有困难。 孕妇营养七忌 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 来源:大众医药网 时间:2004.03.05 (1)忌偏食挑食:有的孕妇偏食鸡鸭鱼肉和高档的营养保健品，有的只吃荤菜，不吃素菜，有的不吃内脏如猪肝等，有的不吃牛奶、鸡和蛋。造成营养单一。 (2)忌无节制的进食:有的孕妇不控制饮食量。想吃什么吃什么，想吃多少吃多少，喜欢吃的东西拼命吃。有位孕妇一个月内吃了一箩筐橘子。有的孕妇怀孕期体重增加达45公斤。造成有的孕妇胖、胎儿巨大。有的只是孕妇自己胖，胎儿却很小。 (3)忌食品过精、过细:孕妇是家庭的重点保护对象，•一般都吃精白粉和精白米、面，不吃小米粥和粗粮、麦片。造成严重微生素B1严重缺乏和不足。 (4)忌摄入过多植物脂肪，如豆油、菜油等，•造成单一性的植物脂肪过高，对胎儿脑发育不利。也影响母体健康。应提倡摄入一定量的动物脂肪，如猪油、肥肉等。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities (5)忌旧的传统习影响:有的孕妇在孕期经常吃桂圆，•说吃桂圆生出的胎儿眼镜又大又圆。孕妇不能吃河蟹，说吃蟹的孕妇生下的婴儿会口吐白沫，也不能吃鱼、虾，生下的胎儿会得过敏性疾病等等。 (6)孕妇忌吃刺激性食物:咖啡、浓茶、辛辣食品、饮酒、丈夫吸崐烟等均会对胎儿产生不良刺激，影响正常发育，甚至制胎儿畸形。 (7)忌随意进补:目前各种营养品充满市场，在一般人看来，吃得越高级、越贵越有营养。其实不然。内热的人不宜吃人参、桂园、羊肉等热性食品，食用后会引起出血、内热过重。体虚怕冷者不宜服珍珠粉、柿子、蟹等食用后可能会感到胃部不适，体虚者不能短期大量进补，芝麻、核桃过多会引起腹泻、厌食。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities