大学英语B级考试语法

大学英语B级考试语法 大学英语B级统考之语法概要 大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下: (一)名词 A. 知识要点 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。 1(不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议) 2(名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如:Mary’s room;如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如:the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词;名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom. B(例题讲解 What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______. A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures 解析:此题考查名词的单复数。Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此为C。 (二)冠词 A. 知识要点 冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。 1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。如: an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年; 2. 定冠词:the表示“特指的一个或一些”。通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前;也用于乐器名词前。如: the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴; 3. 不使用冠词的情况:在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。在某些惯用词中也不用冠词，以具体名词表示抽象概念。 如: have lunch吃午饭/ play basketball打篮球/ go to school上学 B(例题讲解 1)______ girl dressed ______ black is her sister Rose. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 34) A. A; in B. A; on C. The; on D. The; in 解析:D。介词in可表示“穿(戴)”的意思。此外，特指“穿黑色衣服的女孩”，用定冠词the. 2)He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 36) A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 1 解析:C。演奏的乐器名词前+the。Music为不可数名词，其前不可用a/an，而题意“对音乐感兴趣”并没有特指哪种音乐，也不可用the. 3)He goes to ______ church every Sunday. ______ church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand. A. a, the B. /, The C. The, the D. /, a 解析:B。go to church“做礼拜”是惯用法，不用冠词。“他常去的教堂”表特指，前加the。 (三)代词 代词用于指代。包括:人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定代词等。 1(many, few和a few一般只能修饰或指代可数名词，much, little和a little 一般只能修饰或指代不可数名词。a few 和a little表示“有一些”，具有肯定意义，而few和little表示“几乎没有”，具有否定意义。many和much表示“许多”。 2(表示“全部”:两者用both，三者以上用all; 表示“全无”:两者用neither，三者以上用none或no one; 表示“任一”:两者用either，三者以上用any。 3(other, others, the other, the others, another的区别 (1)other作形容词修饰名词，泛指“别的、其他的”。有时会放在some, any, every, no等词 之后。e.g. We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons. (2)others是代词，泛指“其他人或物”。如:I'm glad to help others. (3)the other特指范围内的另一个(范围内一共两个)。 e.g. I have two friends. One is from Australia, the other is from Japan. (4)the others特指范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个)。 e.g. There are forty students in our class. Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others are girls. (5)another指同类中(三个或三个以上)的“另一个”，是指不确定的另一个。 e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee? B(例题讲解 1)The baby is hungry, but there’s ______ milk in the bottle. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 28) A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 解析:A。milk是不可数名词，所以只能用little/a little修饰，而根据题意“宝宝饿了，但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了”，只能选little。 2)She has two best friends. ______ of them is in the country. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 44) A. All B. Both C. No one D. Neither 解析:D。代词all表“所有”和both表“两者都”，其后的谓语动词需要用复数。neither表“两者都不”，其后的谓语动词用单数。 3)—It’s time to tidy your room, Harry! (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 33) —See the tidy room, Mum! _______ is where it should be. Test 5 A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing 解析:C。根据说话人所说内容可以知道，房间里一切都很整洁，含有整体性，应用everything。Anything主要用于疑问句和否定句中。 4)The red flower goes from one to _______ in the class. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 27) A. the other B. others C. another D. other 解析:C。按照句意传花不是两者之间(from one to the other)，而是三者以上(from one to another)，故选C。 2 (四)数词 A. 知识要点 数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词。 1(基数次表示数量(one, two, three„)，序数次表示次序(first, second, third„)。 2(数词hundred, thousand, million不用复数;其“复数+of”可表示数百、数千、数百万，如:three thousand 三千/ thousands of trees(数千棵树) 3(在表达年龄时，注意以下表达法: He is six years old.(其中year须用其复数) He is a six-year-old boy.(其中year不用复数)“他6岁了。” B(例题讲解 1)They have learned about ______ in recent years. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 37) A. several hundreds English words B. hundreds of English words C. hundred of English words D. several hundred English word 解析:B。hundreds of 之类的短语之前也可加many，several之类的词修饰。A项的错误在于hundreds后缺少of。 2)Nancy is ______ girl. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 29) A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-years-old C. a eighteen-years-old D. an eighteen-year-old 解析:D。eighteen-year-old是一个由连字符连接的复合形容词(其中year不用复数)，作girl的定语。同时，由于eighteen是元音开头的词，前面的不定冠词用an。 (五)形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级 A. 知识要点 1(比较级和最高级的构成形式 (1)绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。如: nice – nicer – nicest (2)大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，前面加more构成比较级，加the most 构成最高 级。如:careful-more careful-most careful 2(形容词和副词的应用 (1)同等程度比较: as + 原级 + as e.g. Tom is as bright as Mark.汤姆和亨利一样聪明。 (2)不同程度的比较: 比较级 + than e.g. Tom is taller than Mark.汤姆比亨利高。 not as/so + 原级 + as e.g. Tom is not as/so bright as Mark.汤姆不如亨利聪明。 (3)对比与比较: the +比较级, the +比较级 e.g. The older I get, the happier I am.我越变老，越觉得幸福。 比较级+ and +比较级 e.g. Jane became more and more beautiful.珍妮越来越漂亮了。 (4)当几个形容词修饰一个名词时，其排列顺序是: 好坏、美丑 + 大小、新旧、颜色 + 质地、属性 + 名词 e.g. a beautiful big blue wooden house (5)当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body结尾的不定代词时，作定语的形容词要后置。 3 e.g. I read something interesting. 我读了一些有趣的东西。 例题讲解 1)Your box is mine. A. four times as big as B. four times as bigger as C. as four times big D. as big as four times 解析:A。在as„as句型中，如有表示程度的状语(如 twice, three times)，则置于第一个as之前，表示前者是后者的几倍。 2)Today’s weather is ______ worse than yesterday’s. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 40) A. very B. much C. very much D. much too 解析:B。very用来修饰形容词的原级形式;much修饰比较级;very much一般用来修饰动 词; much too常用来修饰形容词的原级形式。 3)—Did the medicine make you feel better? (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 43) —No. The more _______, _______ I feel. A. medicine I take; and the worse B. medicine I take; the worse C. I take medicine; the worse D. I take medicine; worse 解析:B。 本题是“越„越„”句型，要用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”句型，前后分 句都用陈述语气。 4)—What will you buy for your boyfriend’s birthday? (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 34) —I want to buy a _______ wallet for him. A. black leather small B. small black leather C. small leather black D. black small leather 解析:B。根据多个形容词作定语次序排列规律，应该是small(大小)+black(颜色)+leather(质地)。 (六)动词的基本时态 理论基础:什么是动词的时态, 动词的时态，是指一种语言通过动词形式的变化来反映“动作时间”和“动作状态”---“时态”就是“动作时间+动作状态”的合称。英语有“现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将 来时”这样4种动作时间的区分，有“一般态、完成态、进行态、完成进行态”这样4种动 作状态的区分。对“动作时间”和“动作状态”进行排列组合，我们可以得到下面的结果: 时间 \ 状一般(态) 完成(态) 进行(态) 完成进行(态) 态 现在时 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 将来时 一般将来时 将来完成时 将来进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来一般过去将来时 过去将来完成过去将来进行过去将来完成进行时 时 时 时 通过排列组合，我们得知英语一共有16种不同的时态。这种排列组合就像化学元素周期表 一样严整，令人赞叹。但是在日常生活中，这些时态使用的频率有高有低，像“过去将来完成进行时(态)”是极少用到的。 4 在日常生活中最常用的是以下8种时态，是考试的内容，需要大家全部掌握。 A. 知识要点 1(一般现在时态 动词形式为do 或does (第三人称单数)。通常表示客观事实或真理;或表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 He always goes to school by bike.他总是骑车去上学。 (特别提醒:.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。) e.g. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come. 下次来之前请一定给我来电话。 2(一般过去时态 动词形式为did. 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去特定的时间状语连用;或表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作，可与表示频度的时间副词连用。 e.g. I bought this computer five years ago. He often took a walk after supper when he was in Shanghai. 3(一般将来时态 动词形式为will do/ shall do /be going to do. 表达在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.电话在响，我去接。 4(现在进行时态 动词形式为is/am/are+ doing，表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. The police are looking for the two missing children.警察们正在寻找两个丢失的孩子。 5(过去进行时态 动词形式为 was/were + doing，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。(主语是I，she，he时用was) e.g. Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner. 6(现在完成时态 动词形式为have / has done，常与already，recently， never，ever, yet，since连用。用来表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作。 e.g. The milk has already become undrinkable 牛奶已经不能喝了。 或者表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。 e.g. He has lived here since 1949.自从1949年以来，他一直住在这儿。 7(过去完成时态 动词形式为had done. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。 e.g. By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.到上学期末，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。 B(例题讲解 1)When Lily came home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother ______ dinner in the kitchen. (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 36) A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked 解析:B。此题意思为:当Lily昨天下午五点回家时，妈妈正在厨房里做饭。用过去进行时。 2)John’s father ______ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard 5 University. (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 40) A. taught B. teaches C. has taught D. is teaching 解析:C。此题意思为:约翰的父亲自从哈佛大学毕业后就一直在这所学校读书，这种状态一直持续到现在，所以句子用现在完成时。 3)I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups before. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 45) A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given 解析:C。凡是表示过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成时态“had done”。根据题意可知had given的动作发生在was giving之前，所以用过去完成时态。 (七)非谓语动词 在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词;有一般态、进行态和完成态三种形式以及相应的主动与被动语态。 A(知识要点 1(动词不定式和动名词都可作主语。 e.g. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 To refuse him is not easy this time. 这次很难拒绝他。 注意:常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式放在谓语后面。 e.g. It is impossible for us to measure it in miles. 让我们用英里来计算不太可能。(不定式前 加一个for us表示不定式的动作是谁做的) 2(动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语。 (1)有些及物动词只能用不定式作宾语，如:hope，want，wish，decide，manage等: e.g. We all hope to see you. 我们都希望见到你。 (2)有些及物动词只能用动名词作宾语，如:finish, avoid, enjoy, mind, insist on 等: e.g. He has finished doing his work.他已经干完了他的工作。 (3)有的及物动词既可用不定式，也可用动名词，但其意义有所不同。如:remember, forget, regret, stop … ，前者表示动作还没有做，后者表示动作已经做了。 e.g. I forgot to take aspirin this morning.. 我上午忘了吃阿斯匹林了(但现在想起来了)。 e.g. I forgot taking aspirin and took it again a few minutes ago. 我忘了吃过阿司匹林，几 分钟以前又吃了一次。 3(动词不定式和分词作补足语。 (1)一些表示感官词或使役动词，如see, hear, have, make, let等后面用不带to的不定式作 宾补。 (2)不定式做宾语补足语，表示动作发生了(即动作的全部过程结束了);现在分词作宾补， 表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中)，如: e.g. I saw the boy climb the wall. 我看见小孩爬墙了。(强调爬墙这件事) e.g. I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见小孩在爬墙。(强调爬墙的情景) (3)现在分词作补足语，它与被补足的词之间是主动关系;过去分词作补足语，它与被补 足的词之间是被动关系。如: e.g. I heard someone calling me. e.g. I had my house painted. 我让人给房子刷了油漆。(直译:我让房子被刷了油漆) 6 4(非谓语动词作状语和定语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词所隐含的逻辑主语必须 和句子的主语一致。现在分词表示的动作和句子的主语之间是主动关系，过去分词表示 的动作和句子的主语间是被动关系;分词作定语时，现在分词表示的动作和它所修饰的 词之间是主动关系，过去分词表示的动作和它修饰的词之间是被动关系。 e.g. Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是名先进工人。 e.g. Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽。 5(非谓语动词也有否定结构、时态、语态。 非谓语动词的否定结构是在它们前面加not来构成。如果非谓语动词表示的动作发在主 要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓 语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。 e.g. They decide not to go.他们决定不去。 e.g. Tom’s not passing the exam made his father very angry.汤姆考试没有及格，这令他父亲 非常生气。 e.g. Having finished the work, he went home.干完活后他回家了。(分词having finished发 生在went前) B(例题讲解 1)Bob said that it is easy _______. A. for him being on time B. being on time for him C. for him to be on time D. on time for him 解析:答案C。此题that从句中，用it作形式主语，而将不定式to be on time(准时)放在句子最后面。不定式前加一个for him表示不定式的动作是谁做的。 2)Would you let _______ to the park with my classmate, Mum? (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 28) A. me go B. me going C. I go D. I going 解析:答案A。let是使役动词，用不带to的不定式作宾补，即let sb. do sth.这个结构。 3)You don’t mind ______ you Xiao Li, do you? (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 31) A. call B. to call C. to calling D. my calling 解析:答案D。mind后面只能用动名词作宾语。 4)Charles regretted ______ the TV set last year. The price has now come down. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 33) A. buying B. to buy C. of D. from 解析:答案A。regret后既可用动名词，也可用不定式，前者表后悔做了某事(动作已做了)，后者则表为要去做某事遗憾(动作还没有做)。根据题意思，应选A。 5)There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldn’t make himself _______. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 41) A. heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear 解析:答案A。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。 6)Do you know the man ______ under the apple tree? (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 31) A. lay B. lain C. lying D. laying 解析:答案C。lie(lay, lain, lying)“平躺，位于”;lie(lied, lied, lying)“撒谎”;lay(laid, laid, laying)“放置”。根据题意，应该用“平躺”之意。分词表示的动作与其修饰的词之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以选C。 7)_______ tomorrow’s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 45) 7 A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared 解析:答案B。非谓语动词的否定形式都是在最前边加not，排除D。由于“还没有完成对 明天功课的准备”，因此“不能跟朋友外出玩耍”，根据句意，强调动作的完成性，用完成式。 (八)主要情态动词 A. 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动 词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。常用的情态动词有must，can，be able to， need，shall, should(ought to), could，would。 注意:mustn’t的意思是“禁止”，needn’t的意思是“无须，不必”。 B. 情态动词后接完成时的用法 1(must，have done:这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。 e.g. The ground was very wet. It must have rained during the night. 2(should (ought to )+have done:这一结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。 e.g. I’m sorry I am late, I should have gotten up earlier. 我很抱歉我迟到了，我本应早点儿起床 的。 3(could，have done:这一结构表示本来能做的事情而没有做。 e.g. Catherine could have bought that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy friend. 凯瑟琳本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的朋友了。 4(need not + have done: 这一结构表示本来没有必要做的事情却做了。 e.g. You need not have done the job.你没有必要做那种工作的。 C. 例题讲解 1)The young lady coming over to us ______ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 42) A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be 解析:A。从后面的进一步解释中我们可以看到说话人语气十分肯定，表示对„„很有把握 的推测。 2)You ______ buy some reference books when you go to college. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 27) A. could B. will have to C. must D. might 解析:B。could与might与题意不符。must表示“主观要求必须做某事”，have to则表示“客 观情况要求不得不做某事”。根据题意，选B最恰当。 3)He didn’t pass the final examination. He ______ it. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 28) A. must have prepared for B. ought to prepare for C. ought to have prepared for D. ought to prepare for 解析:C。此题考查情态动词+完成式。“ought to+完成式”表示过去本应该做却没有做。 (九)动词的语态 A. 知识要点 8 1(动词的语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态表示主语是谓语动 作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的形式:be+过去分词。 e.g. Such stories are published for children. e.g. The TV was turned on and everybody sat there, watching it. 2(英语中的一些感官动词如see, watch, notice, hear和使役动词make, have, let +不带to的不 定式(do sth.), 但在被动语态中to则不能少。 e.g. I saw him enter the classroom. / He was seen to enter the classroom.. 3(在need, want, require等及物动词后面接动名词的主动形式可以表示被动含义。 e.g. My hair needs cutting.我该理发了。 注意:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 B(例题讲解 1)Every year thousands of lives ______ in road accidents because of careless driving. (《大学英 语》(B)Test 1, 41) A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost 解析:D。因为是每一年，所以句子用现在时;生命被夺走，所以用被动语态。 2)After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ______ all sorts of awkward questions. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 40) A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 解析:D。题项中将make sb. do sth.(让某人干某事)转换成了被动语态 sb. was made to do sth.(某人被让干某时)，因此to不能少。 3)My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs ______. A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaning 解析:A。need+动名词主动形式(cleaning)可以表被动含义。 (十) 虚拟语气 A(虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，考试 中以虚拟语气为考点的试题也不算少，大家应该尽量掌握。 B(知识要点 1(虚拟语气用于if引导的条件状语从句 表示对不可能发生的事实的一种假设;或对已经发生过的事实进行一种相反情况的假设; 时 间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 虚拟现在时 动词的过去式 should (would, could, (与现在事实相反) (be一般用were) might )+动词原形 虚拟过去时 had done should (would, could, (与过去事实相反) might )+have done 虚拟将来时 动词过去式 should (would, could, (与将来事实可能相反) should+动词原形 might )+动词原形 were to+动词原形 2(虚拟语气用在表示要求、命令、建议语气的词引导的从句中: (1)用在动词suggest(建议), order(命令), insist(坚持), require(需要), demand(要 求)，propose(提议)等引导的宾语从句中，以及它们相应的名词suggestion, order, 9 insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表语和同位语从句中，这个从句的谓语要用 “(should)+动词原形” e.g. We suggested that he(should)start now.我们建议他现在就开始。 e.g. My suggestion is that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我的建 议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。 (2) 用在“It +be+ natural(necessary，strange，important，essential以及insisted，suggested， ordered)+that„”结构中的that引导的主语从句以及它们相应的名词(引导的表语和 同位语从句中;从句的谓语用“(should)+动词原形” e.g. It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。 3(虚拟语气运用其他从句中: (1)运用在wish后面的从句中表示“愿望”，运用在as if从句中表示“好像”，谓语形式: 用动词的过去式虚拟现在的情况;用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况;用would(或might) +动词原形虚拟将来的情况。 I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。 It is wished that he had not made the mistake.他要没犯此错误该多好。 The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were mad.那位年老的女士正在和其他人 争吵，就好像她疯了一样。 (3)运用在would rather后面的从句中 表示“希望”，用动词的过去式虚拟现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 e.g. I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看过这部电影。 (4)运用在It is (high) time后边的从句中 表示“该干„„的时间到了”，用动词的过去式或should+动词原形。 e.g. It is time that we had/should have a rest.该是我们休息的时间了。 C(例题讲解 1)Had you come five minutes earlier, you ______ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 43) A. would catch B. would have caught C. could catch D. should catch 解析:B。虚拟语气用法，这里是对过去发生的事情虚拟，用“if从句+had come，主句+would have caught”。此题前面的从句省略了if，所以根据句法要求倒装，将had提前到句首。 2)The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ______ a lecture on the philosopher Sartre. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 39) A. gave B. give C. would give D. had given 解析:B。request(要求)后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。 3)I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 36) A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend 解析:B。wish后的从句用虚拟语气。当表示与将来希望相反时，从句中的谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。 4)I would rather _______ two weeks earlier. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 45) A. you should come here B. you come here C. you came here D. you had come here 解析:D。would rather后的从句用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 5)It’s time we _______ the lecture because everybody has arrived. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 26) 10 A. will start B. shall start C. start D. started 解析:D。“It is (high) time+从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。 (十一)主谓一致 A. 知识要点 主谓一致就是谓语动词必须在数和人称上与主语取得一致。主谓一致的关系根据“语法一致”、“意义一致”、和“就近一致”三项原则来实现。 1(语法一致 (1)由and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时(指的是两个或两个以上不同的人或事物) 谓语动词用复数。 e.g. The woman and her husband work in the same office.那妇女和她丈夫在同一个单位 工作。 (2)做主语的名词后面有as well as, with, together with, except, but, like, no less than等引导 的短语时，谓语动词的数由做主语的名词决定。 e.g. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 一位专家和几 位助手被派去协助这项工作。 The children, like their parents, are very kind-hearted.这些孩子像他们的父母一样都那么 好心肠。 (3)主语为动词不定式(to do)、动名词(V-ing) 以及从句做主语时谓语动词用单数。 e.g. To see is to believe. (Seeing is believing.) 眼见为实。 What he told us was not the truth. 他所告诉我们的不是事实。 2. 意义一致 (1)有and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，但是表示同一人或事物，或代表一个概念， 动词用单数。 e.g. The professor and president of our school is retired. (2)主语为all, half, most, some, any, none等不定代词时，通过上下文确定其实际意义，谓 语动词的单复数形式则根据主语的实际意义来决定。 e.g. His weekends? Half are spent in the country. 他的周末,一半是在乡下度过的。 His time? Half was spent on books. 他的时间,一半是花在了读书上。 (3)主语为形容词或分词加定冠词转化来的名词时， 如果指一类人，为复数意义，谓语动 词用复数;如果指单个人或抽象概念，为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The killed were buried on the hillside. 那些被害者被埋在了山坡上。 The killed was his neighbor. 那被害者是他的邻居。 3(就近一致 主语为either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接的并列名词时，谓语动词的数取决于它最靠近的名词的数。 e.g. Neither the children nor their father was in the car. 无论是孩子们，还是他们的父亲都不在车里。 e.g. Neither the father nor his children were in the car. 无论是父亲，还是他的孩子们都不在车里。 11 B(例题讲解 1)Both the kids and their parents ______ English, I think. I know it from their accent.(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 38) A. is B. been C. are D. was 解析:答案C。both…and…表示“两者都……”，连接的是两个不同的主语，因此谓语动词要用复数形式，所以正确答案为C选项。 2)Two thousand dollars ______ enough for the car. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 36) A. being B. were C. are D. is 解析:答案D。此题是用钱来做主语，而货币单位做主语时看作单数，因为它在概念上属于一个整体，因此正确答案为D选项。此外，距离、重量、时间等单位充当主语时也看作单数。 3)The young _______ interested in pop music. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 41) A. is B. have C. has D. are 解析:答案D。此题的主语是the，形容词表示一类人，意思是“年轻人”，表示的是复数意义，因此谓语动词也要用复数形式，并且表示“对……感兴趣”是用的be interested in sth，正确答案为D选项。 (十二)倒装句 A. 知识要点 倒装是指将句子的谓语动词或其助动词放在主语之前。 e.g. Then began a war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了战争。(全部倒装) Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们很少感觉像在这里这么舒服。(部分倒装) 常用倒装的两种情况 1(出于句子结构的需要 (1)在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且从句须以形容 词、副词、名词或动词(原形)等开头。 e.g. Hard as she studied, she failed in this examination. (2)代词so, neither, nor等副词置于句首时, 表示“……也(不/没有)……”全句要倒装 e.g. Tom can speak English. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲英语，杰克也会。 2(出于强调 never, seldom, little, nor, hardly…(when…), scarcely…(when…), no sooner…(than…), not only, not until等表示否定的副词或连词位于句首时; e.g. Never in my life have I seen such a thing. 我一生中从未见过这样的事情。 e.g. Not only did he hear, but also he saw it.他不但听见了，而且也看见了。 B(例题讲解 1)Never before ______ see such a terrible car accident on the road! (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 39) A. I have B. have I C. I did D. did I 解析:表示否定意义的词never放在句首，要倒装，因此排除A和C选项;考查B选项，助动词用的have，与后面的动词原形see不一致，因此正确答案为D选项。 2)I was satisfied with her explanation, ______. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 42) A. so my classmates were B. so were my classmates C. so my classmates did C. so did my classmates 12 解析:用so, neither / nor引导句子表示与上文已经提到的肯定或否定意思一致时，so, neither / nor引导的句子要倒装，并且所用的谓语动词及其时态要与前面一句话的谓语动词及其时态保持一致，因此正确答案为B选项。 3)Hardly _______ on stage _______ the audience started cheering. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 40) A. he had come / than B. he had come / when C. had he come / when D. had he come / than 解析:hardly…when是固定搭配，表示“一……就……”;并且hardly意思是“几乎不”，表示否定意义，放在句首要倒装，因此正确答案为C选项。 4)Important _______ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. (《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 42) A. when B. until C. as D. although 解析:该句的意思是“______他的发明也许重要，在他那个时代，它被视为一件不重要的事情。”，根据句子的含义，可以看出前后两句话是转折的关系，因此选项部分应为让步状语从句，而在让步状语从句中，如果形容词或名词位于句首，则要用as或though，因此正确答案为C选项。 (十三)强调结构 A. 知识要点 强调句的结构是:“It is / was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、表语或状语) + that(who)…”。当被强调的部分指的是事物、时间、地点、原因、方式„„时，一律用that;当被强调的部分指的是人物时，用that或who皆可。 e.g. Mrs. Brown came to visit our college on Wednesday. ? It was on Wednesday that Mrs. Brown came to visit our college. 布郎太太是在星期三来参观我们学院的. 注意以下几点: ? 被强调的部分为句子中除谓语动词以外的所有成分，但无论强调句子的什么成分，如时 间状语、地点状语等，都用that引出句子的其他部分，而不用when, where; ? 在强调人时，如果被强调的部分在原句中作主语，用that或who皆可;如果被强调的部 分在原句中作宾语，用that、who或whom皆可; ? 在此结构中be动词只有时态的变化，没有数的变化，即不管被强调的部分是单数还是 复数，一律用is / was; ? 被强调的部分是从原正常句子中为强调而提取出来的那一部分，因而要保持原来句子的 时态，主语、宾语是代词都仍用代词 ? It is / was not until … that …是强调句型中常见的强调时间状语从句的句式，that后用肯 定式。 e.g. I didn’t know what kind of a country she is until I came to China. ? It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she is.正是直到我到了中国我才知道她(指中国)是一个怎样的国家。 B(例题讲解 1)It was on the beach ______ Miss White found the kid lying dead. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 35) A. that B. this C. it D. which 解析:It was…that…为强调句型，此句话中强调的是地点状语。因此正确答案为A选项。 2)It is not until you have lost your health _______ you know its value. (《大学英语》(B)Test6, 13 44) A. until B. when C. what D. that 解析:It is not until…that…为强调句，强调的是until时间状语，因此正确答案为D选项。 (十四)从句 1(名词从句 A. 知识要点 在句中起名词作用的从句称为名词从句，可以在句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句通常由that, whether/if, 疑问词(which, what, why, how等)以及连接词(whenever“无论什么时候”, whatever“无论什么”等)引导。 (1)由that引导的名词从句:that无任何语义，不做句子成分，仅起连接主、从句的作用。 在宾语从句中常可省去，其他名词从句中不能省。 e.g. That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious. 很明显她不懂口语。(主从) I think (that) he is a good actor. 我认为他是个好演员。(宾从) The truth is that he is only eighteen. 事实是他只有18岁。(表从) The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me.安迟到的事实不足为奇。(同位语从句) (2)由whether / if 引导的名词性从句:whether / if表示“是否”的意思。 e.g. Whether she goes with us (or not) is not important to me. 她是否和我们一起去对我而 言不重要。(主语从句) I don’t know whether/if he will come. 我不知道他来不来。(宾语从句) (3)由疑问词引导的名词性从句:疑问词引导名词性从句时，在从句中担任语法成分，而 且常保留其本身的含义。 e.g. Why they left the country is a secret.他们为什么离开了乡下是个秘密。(主从) She explained to him how he can start the car. 她向他解释怎样才能启动这辆汽车。(宾 从) The question was who owned the house. 问题是谁是那房子的主人。(表从) (4)名词从句中注意的几点: ?that引导主语从句或宾语从句时，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。 e.g. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪，他竟做错了。(主从，it为形式主语，真 正的主语为that所引导的从句) e.g. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他宁愿学习 英语。(宾从，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that所引导的从句) ?在同位语从句中，可接同位语的名词通常是抽象名词，且通常带冠词。常见的有: idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑问), evidence(证据), fact(事实), hope(希 望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan(), promise(许诺), feeling(感觉), truth (真理，事实)等。 B(例题讲解 1)With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 38) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 解析:此题中he was a man of action这个句子做pleased的宾语，而在这个宾语从句中句子成分完整且不缺词义，因此正确答案为B选项。 14 2)I have the complacent feeling ______ I’m highly intelligent. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 34) A. what B. which C. that D. this 解析:feeling后面的句子是一个同位语从句，要用that来引导，因此正确答案为C选项。 3)We all thought ______a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.((《大学英语》(B) Test3, 36) A. that B. which C. this D. it 解析:此题中，that所引导的从句是真实宾语，因此在谓语动词thought之后缺少一个形式宾语it，因此正确答案为D选项。 2(定语从句 A. 知识要点 (1)在句子中作定语的从句称为定语从句。 e.g. He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. ? ? 先行词 关联词 他是那个要在世纪广场上举行音乐会的人。 (2)关联词在定语从句中充当一定成分， 先行词 在从句中的作用 关系代词/副词 作主语 who 指人 作宾语(可省) whom 关系 that 作主语/宾语(作宾语时可省) 代词 指人或物 作定语 whose 指物 which 作主语/宾语 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 when 关系 副词 表示地点的名词 作地点状语 where 作原因状语 why reason e.g. A man who does not try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。(在定语从句中作主语) The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine. 我们昨天碰到的那些工程师出了一种新的机器。(在定语从句中作宾语) It is a problem which needs very careful consideration. 这是一个需要非常认真考虑的问题。(在定语从句中作主语) Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位世界闻名的大科学家。(在定语从句中作name的定语) 15 We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland. 我们永远不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天。(在定语从句中作时间状语) The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你过去曾住过的那栋大厦已经 被拆除了。(在定语从句中作地点状语) We know the reason why he was very angry. 我们知道他为什么非常生气。(在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason) (3)只能用关系代词that的情况: ? 先行词为all, anything, something等不定代词时，只能用that; e.g. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me. 我从未拿过不属于我的任何东西。 ? 先行词前有最高级形容词及序数词first, last, next, only等修饰词时，只能用that。 e.g. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。 He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我们当中唯一一个懂英语的人。 (4)只能用关系代词which的情况: ? 定语从句前出现逗号时，只能用which引导; e.g. I never met Mary again, which was a pity. ? 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且前面有介词时，只能用which引导。 e.g. The music to which we listened last night was written by my father. 我们昨晚听的那首曲子是我父亲写的。 B(例题讲解 1)Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 37) A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 解析:此题中，the guy是先行词，并且在定语从句中主语、谓语和宾语都不缺，只缺少名词主语中head的定语，表示“那个家伙的头看上去像个大马铃薯”，因此正确答案为C选项。 2)While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.(《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 32) A. it B. which C. that D. what 解析:此题是which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，而A和D是不能引导定语从句的，因此正确答案为B选项。 3)It is the best _______ I have seen. (《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 42) A. that B. who C. whom D. which 解析:先行词为the best，是good的最高级形式;在定语从句中，先行词为形容词最高级或有最高级形容词修饰词时，只能用that，因此正确答案为A选项。 4)Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _______ bad for their mental development.(《大学英语》(B)Test 5, 38) A. that is B. which is C. as is D. what are 解析:such能与as或that搭配，分别引导定语从句和状语从句，因此排除B和D。在此题中，______ is bad for their mental development这句话中，缺少主语，因此该句为as…引导的定语从句，as代替kind of movies做定语从句中的主语，因此正确答案为C选项。 5)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village. (《大学英语》(B)Test 6, 42) 16 A. when B. where C. that D. until 解析:此题中，the hours为先行词，表时间，而在从句中缺少的就是相应的时间状语，因此正确答案为A选项。 3(状语从句 A. 知识要点 用作状语的从句称为状语从句。它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词，从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况。状语从句的连接副词有很多，比如:when(当…时候)while(当…时候), as(正当…时), every time(每当), before(在…以前), since(自…以来), until / till(直到…), hardly „ when(刚…就…)，because (因为), as(在..时候;像…一样…;因为…), since(既然)，if(如果), though(虽然), as, than…等等。例句: (1)When she woke up, she found everybody had gone. 她醒来时，她发现大家都走了。(时间状语从句) (2)Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops. 等火车停下来再上车。(时间状语从句) (3)Wherever I go, I will bring an umbrella with me. 我不管到哪，都会带上一把伞。(地点状语从句) (4)He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter form his child. 他很着急，因为他一直没有收到他孩子的信。(原因状语从句) (5)I’ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me. 我马上给他挂电话以便他别等我了。(结果状语从句) (6)If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天气晴朗，我们就到乡下去。(条件状语从句) (7)Although he is little, he is brave. 他人虽小，但很勇敢。(让步状语从句) (8)I admire and respect you more than everybody else (does). 我比其他的人都更钦佩和尊敬您。(比较状语从句) B(例题讲解 1)No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 45) A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing 解析:此题为“no matter，疑问词”引导让步状语从句，因此可以排除A和B，而how疑问词后面要接副词或形容词，因此正确答案为D选项。 17 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised 18 history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an 19 important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the 20 authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, 21 respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the 22 wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the 23 < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the 24 party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization 25 amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and 26 supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the 27 strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding 28 performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption 29 struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of 30 the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made 31 provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation 32 Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted 33 and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior 34 punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements 35 adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in 36 accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in 37 offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of 38 feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for 39 instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant 40 provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, 41 the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. 42 The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions 43 of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in 44 public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if 45 the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in 46 simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root 47 according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the 48 original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary 49 terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new 50 shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with 51 the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth 52 mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously 53 organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations 54 at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic 55 life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. 56 Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > 57 closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection 58 and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely 59 linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, 60 dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely 61 punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 62