目的论论文：从目的论角度研究英文电影片名的翻译

目的论论文：从目的论角度研究英文电影片名的翻译 目的论论文:从目的论角度研究英文电影片名的翻译 【中文摘要】随着中国经济的繁荣发展,以及跨文化交际的深入开展,越来越多的西方电影流入中国市场。电影片名是电影观众接触到的第一部分,对电影的成败起着举足轻重的影响。电影片名有很多作用:例如,给观众传达电影的相关信息,包括电影的题材,主题以及拍摄背景;一个优秀的电影片名还可以给观众美学享受。受片名的吸引,观众的欣赏欲望被激起,就会采取实际行动去欣赏电影,从而有利于电影票房的提高。由于文化水平的不同,并不是所有人都可以欣赏英文原版电影,因此,电影片名的翻译可以促进交流。鉴于此,电影片名的翻译已经成为中国翻译界的又一新的重要课题。本文主要是从论角度探讨英文电影片名的翻译。本文选择从论角度探讨英文电影片名的翻译,原因有二:首先,之前大部分关于电影片名的翻译都以传统的对等理论为基础。但是对等理论自身有很多缺陷。例如,它把翻译局限在格式和意思对等上,而事实上,有些情况下对等效果很难实现,.有些情况根本不需要对等。电影片名是以观众为导向,顾客的喜好直接影响商业利益的实现。因此,在翻译过程中,翻译家应该采取主动性,发挥创造性。其次,虽然近几年关于电影片名翻译的研究有所深入,但是并不尽如人意。很多研究都集中在翻译策略方面,并没有找出相应可行的理论基础来支撑电影片名的翻译。本文主要是从论角度研究英语电影片名的翻译。论是由德国翻译学家费米尔提出的。论把翻译定义为一种有的跨文化交际活动。“决定手段”是论的精髓,这一精髓 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) 意味着翻译家可以根据翻译,采取适当的翻译。论强调翻译行为的,语篇的作用,受众者的交际状况,并且授予翻译家的主动性和自由。本文认为论可以作为电影片名翻译的理论基础。在论的指导下,翻译家可以采取适当的翻译策略,使翻译片名更有效的发挥信息,文化,美学以及呼唤功能。成功的电影片名翻译可以唤起观众的注意力,好奇心以及兴趣,之后,观众才有可能采取实际行动观赏电影,电影制片商的盈利得以实现。本文包括六个部分,具体结构如下:第一章是介绍,主要包括本研究的意义和必要性以及本文的结构框架。第二是文献回顾,主要包括论的四个发展阶段,以及国内关于西方电影片名中文翻译的研究。论的四个发展阶段主要包括:第一阶段,凯瑟琳娜?莱斯提出了功能主义翻译批评,第二阶段,汉斯?弗米尔创立了论,第三阶段,贾斯塔?赫兹?曼塔利提出了翻译行为,第四阶段,诺德提出了功能加忠诚原则,使得论更加完整。第三章陈述了本研究的理论框架:第一部分是论的定义,第二部分介绍了论中几个重要的概念,例如等值翻译,翻译纲要,翻译与翻译行为等。第三部分介绍了论的三个法则:原则,连贯原则,以及忠诚原则。第四部分了三个法则之间的关系,最后讨论了论的优点。第四章主要就电影片名进行分析,包括电影片名的定义,电影的种类,电影片名的命名方法,电影片名的特点以及作用。简单说来,电影主要分为三个种类:纪录片,科学教育片和故事片。电影片名的来源也是五花八门,概括说来主要包括:以故事发生的时间地点命名,以男女主人公的名字命名,以故事主旨命名,以及以故事发生的历史背景来命名。电影片名作为一种特殊的艺 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) 术形式,有着自己的特征,本文主要阐述了其语言特征,文化特征以及 商业特征。电影片名作为电影的一部分起着举足轻重的作用,其主要 功能如下:信息功能,表达功能,美感功能,以及感召功能。简单的说, 电影片名的应该向观众提供电影的相关信息,给观众美学享受,激起 观众的兴趣,从而号召观众采取实际行动去欣赏电影,以达到刺激电 影票房的最终作用。第五章主要是将论应用于电影片面的翻译中。本 章首先从电影片名的四个作用方面分析了电影片名翻译应该注意的 问题,这四个方面主要是文化方面,信息方面,美学方面以及感召方 面。翻译家可以保持原电影片名的语言特点,也可以作相应的改动, 以便译名可以更好的发挥以上四个功能。第二部分,作者主要介绍了 电影翻译的三种翻译策略,包括音译,直译和意译。文章通过列举片名 实例,对三个翻译策略分别进行了分析,因此印证了翻译策略是由翻 译决定的,为了实现翻译,翻译家可以采取相应灵活的翻译策略。第六 章是结论部分,了本文的发现,以及局限性,并为未来的深入研究 提出了建议。 【英文摘要】As China’s economy has flourished and intercultural communication has deepened, Chinese people have more access to western movies nowadays. As the first part which will be encountered by the audience, movie titles play a significant role. Movie titles serve multiple functions, for example, it can transfer much information to the audience:the genre, the theme and background information. A brilliant movie 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) title can also entertain the audience aesthetically, and being attracted by the titles, audience will be called upon to buy tickets to enjoy the movie. Translation of the English movie titles is necessary for better promotion of the movies in Chinese film market, because not all the audience can appreciate the original version. Movie title translation has become a new issue in Chinese translation field. This thesis tries to do a little research on the English movie title translation from the perspective of Skopos theory.There are two reasons that inspire the author to do study on this topic. Firstly, most of the previous study on English movie titles is based on the traditional equivalence theory. However, the equivalence theory has many disadvantages. For example, it restricts the translation to the form and meaning equivalence, but equivalence cannot be always realized all the time, and sometimes, it is not even required. Movie titles are audience-oriented, and the response of the audience exerts a great effect on the success of the business benefit. Thus, the translators should take more initiative and contribute more creation to the movie title translation. Secondly, the study on the movie title translation has been extended, but it is far from satisfactory. A lot of researches focus on the translation 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) strategies, but a corresponding and applicable theory has not yet been put into effect to guide the translation process of movie titles.This thesis probes into movie title translation from Skopos theory, which was proposed by German translator Hans Vermeer. In the light of Skopos theory, translation is defined as a purposeful activity as well as an intentional communication between cultures. “The end justifies the means” is the essence of this theory, which means the purpose of the translation decide the strategies adopted. It lays the emphasis on the purpose of translation activity, functions of the target text, the addressees’communicative situation, and empowers more initiative and freedom to the translators. This thesis argues that Skopos theory can be applied as the theoretical basis for movie title translation. Under the guidance of Skopos theory, translators can adopt appropriate translation techniques to make the movie tittles perform informative, cultural, aesthetic and vocative function in a more effective way, so that it can stir up audience’s attention, curiosity and interest, and finally achieve the Skopos of calling upon them to appreciate the movie to boom the box office.This paper can be divided into six parts. The structure of the paper is as follows:Chapter One is the introduction part 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) which introduces the research background, concerns the significance and necessity of the study and the main organization of the thesis. Chapter Two concentrates on the literature review, including four stages of the Skopos theory, and an overview of previous studies in Chinese translation of English movie titles in china. From this chapter, it can be learned that Skopos theory went through four stages:firstly, functional category of translation criticism proposed by Katharina Reiss, secondly, Skopos theory put forward by Hans Vermeer, thirdly, translational action proposed by Justa Holz-Manttari, and fourth, functionality plus loyalty which is put forward by Christiane Nord. Chapter Three provides a theoretical framework for the whole thesis. First, the definition of Skopos theory is illustrated; in the following part some concepts relevant to Skopos theory, such as aim, purpose, function, etc are presented. The next part introduces some important concepts of Skopos theory, including adequate translation, translation brief, translation and translational action; the next part demonstrates the three rules of Skopos theory:Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. Then the relationship between these three rules is discussed; and the last part focuses on the merits of Skopos theory. Chapter Four 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) is devoted to the analysis of movie titles. The definition of movie title translation is proposed in the first part. Second part analyses the genres of movies. Movies can be categorized into documentary movies, science and educational movies and feature movies. The naming approaches of movie titles are illustrated in the following part. In brief, movie titles can be named on the basis of time and place, on the basis of heroes or heroines, on the basis of theme, and last on the basis of historical background. Next part is about the features of movie titles. As a form of art, movie titles have some unique features, including linguistic features, culture features and commercial features. After general investigation, the last part of this chapter put its focus on the functions of movie titles. According to the author, movie titles can serve the following functions:informative function, expressive function, aesthetic function and vocative function. Part Five illustrates the application of Skopos theory to English movie title translation. First, the Skopos of movie title translation is discussed. That is to provide much information to the audience, impress them with aesthetic entertainment and ultimately calling them upon to enjoy the movie in order to boom the box office. The second part is devoted to the analysis of 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) movie title translation from four aspects, which are informative aspect, cultural aspect, aesthetic aspect and vocative aspect. Translators can keep the original linguistic features or make any adaption to make the translated movie titles to serve the four functions. The last part is the demonstration of translation methods that can be adopted in movie title translation. These translation methods include translateration, literal translation and liberal translation. This thesis analyses these three strategies by listing some good translated movie titles, and reach the conclusion that the application of any translation strategy is based on the Skopos of translation activity. Translators can employ any proper translation strategy flexibly to realize the Skopos. Chapter six is a conclusion, which summarizes the main findings, and the limitations of the thesis and some suggestions are given for further study. 【关键词】目的论 英语电影片名翻译 汉语翻译 翻译策略 【英文关键词】Skopos theory English movie title Chinese translation translation strategies 【目录】从目的论角度研究英文电影片名的翻译 ABSTRACT 2-5 摘要 6-11 Chapter ? Introduction 11-17 1.1 Research 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) Background 11-12 1.2 Data and Methodology 12-13 1.3 Necessity and Significance of the Study 13-15 1.4 Thesis Structure 15-17 Chapter ? Literature Review 17-27 2.1 Four Stages of Skopos Theory 17-24 2.1.1 Functional Category of Translation Criticism Proposed by Katharina Reiss 17-20 2.1.2 Skopos Theory Proposed by Hans Vermeer 20-22 2.1.3 Translational Action Proposed by Justa Holz-Manttari 22-23 2.1.4 Functionality Plus Loyalty Proposed by Christiane Nord 23-24 2.2 An Overview of Previohs Studies in Chinese Translation of English Movie titles 24-27 Chapter ? Theoretical Framework 27-36 3.1 Definition of Skopos 27-28 3.2 Important Concepts of Skopos Theory 28-30 3.2.1 Adequate Translation 28 3.2.2. Translation and Theory of Action 28-30 3.3 Rules of Skopos Theory 30-33 3.3.1 Skopos Rule 30-31 3.3.2 Coherence Rule 31-32 3.3.3 Fidelity Rule 32-33 3.4 Relationship between the Three Rules 33 3.5 Merits of Skopos Theory 33-36 Chapter ? Analysis of English Movie Titles 36-46 4.1 Definition of Movie Titles 36 4.2 Genres of Movies 36-38 4.2.1 Documentary Movies 37 4.2.2 Science and Educational 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) Movies 37-38 4.2.3 Feature Movies 38 4.3 Naming Approaches of English Movies 38-39 4.3.1 On the Basis of Time or Place 38-39 4.3.2 On the Basis of Hero or Heroine 39 4.3.3 On the Basis of Theme 39 4.3.4 On the Basis of Historical Background 39 4.4 Features of Movies 39-42 4.4.1 Linguistic Features 40-41 4.4.2 Cultural Features 41-42 4.4.3 Commercial Features 42 4.5 Functions of Movie Titles 42-46 4.5.1 Informative Function 42-43 4.5.2 Expressive Function 43 4.5.3 Aesthetic Function 43-44 4.5.4 Vocative Function 44-46 Chapter ? Application of Skopos Theory to Movie Title Translation 46-70 5.1 Skopos of Movie Title Translation 46-47 5.2 Translation Analysis from Four Aspects 47-60 5.2.1 Cultural Aspect 47-53 5.2.2 Informative Aspect 53-55 5.2.3 Aesthetic Aspect 55-58 5.2.4 Vocative Aspect 58-60 5.3 Translation Strategies From the Perspective of Skopos Theory 60-70 5.3.1 Transliteration 60-62 5.3.2 Literal Translation 62-64 5.3.3 Liberal Translation 64-70 5.3.3.1 Combination of 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务) Transliteration and Liberal Translation 64-65 5.3.3.2 Combination of Literal Translation and Liberal Translation 65-66 5.3.3.3 Adaption 66-70 Chapter ? Conclusion 70-74 6.1 Findings 70-71 6.2 Limitations 71-72 6.3 Suggestions 72-74 REFERENCES 74-77 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 77-78 索购全文在线加好友:278.121.888(同时提供论文辅导写作和学术期刊论文发表服务)