人体泌尿系统的组成

人体泌尿系统的组成 《人体泌尿系统的组成》 联珠三中 江永清 一、 教学目标: 知识性目标:1(描述说出泌尿系统的组成和各部分的功能。 2(描述肾的结构和特点。 技能目标:通过解剖猪肾，培养学生的观察、动手能力，搜集、处理资料的能力 以及语言的表达能力。 情感目标:1(激发学生自主学习的兴趣，培养实事求是的科学态度和探索精神。 2(让学生形成良好的生活习惯 二、教学重难点 重点:描述说出泌尿系统的组成和各部分的功能 描述肾的结构和特点 难点:描述说出肾单位的结构 三、教学准备 课件、肾脏、解剖刀、解剖盘 四、教学方法 观察法、讨论法 五(教学过程 (一)新课导入 人们在日常生活中，每天都会产生很多生活污水。这些污水由每家每户的下水管道输送至城市的“排污系统”进行处理。如果城市的“排污系统”被损坏了，那么这个城市会变成什么样子呢, 生:臭不可闻、污水四溢。 其实，在人体内也有这样的“排污系统”，它可以将细胞产生的代谢废物及时地排除体外。那么人体的这个“排污系统”到底是谁呢, 生:泌尿系统。 那么今天我们就来探究一下泌尿系统的组成。[板书:人体泌尿系统的组成] (二)泌尿系统的组成 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 活动一:自主学习人体的泌尿系统的组成。 思考:人体泌尿系统由哪些器官组成的呢,这些器官有何功能呢,哪个器官是泌尿系统的主要器官呢, (学生看书约2分钟，教师巡视关注学生学习情况) 师:现在同学们对泌尿系统有一定认识了吧，它是有哪些器官组成的呢,请一位同学上台介绍。 生:肾、输尿管、膀胱、尿道。 那么泌尿系统的这些器官中，哪一个是最主要的器官呢,为什么, 生:肾，因为它是形成尿液的器官。 师:那么它是怎样形成尿液的呢,首先我们要来认识一下肾的结构。 (三)肾的结构 观察肾的结构 1、将完整的猪肾置于解剖盘中，先看其形，观起色，辨其味。将结果在表格中。 形状 颜色 气味 2、用解剖刀将肾纵剖，对照图11-2，观察深的内部结构。 强调:在剖的时候要注意切入点。肾的一侧是凹陷的，另一侧隆起。请你用一只手摁住，另一只手从隆起的这一侧入刀，沿着边缘将它剖开。注意安全。 (学生解剖观察，教师巡视指导) 师:请一小组说出肾的形状、颜色、气味, 生:形状象豆子，颜色呈红褐色，气味很骚、很臭。 师:剖开以后，你们都观察到了那些结构, 生:肾皮质，肾髓质，肾盂。 师:哪个小组能描述一下他们的特点呢? 生:肾皮质位于外层，颜色较浅;内侧肾髓质呈扇形，颜色稍深;最里面的白色部分是肾盂。 师:示图。这是外层的肾皮质，颜色比较深。分散在内侧成扇形的是肾髓质，颜色较浅。中间白色的物质是肾盂。另外，有些同学还发现了有两根血管与其相integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 通，其他小组发现这两根血管了吗,这两根大的血管，一根是肾动脉，一根是肾静脉。好，同学们看到的和老师讲述的都一致吧, 生:质疑，观察，并找出了不同点。我观察到肾皮质，颜色应该比较浅，肾髓质的颜色比较深。 师:很好，我们对这位同学实事求是、敢于向书本质疑的精神给予鼓励，给他们组添上今天的第一颗星(掌声)。我们在观察的时候，一定要尊重我们的眼睛。那么是不是书本出错了呢, 我们说肾是一个过滤器，那它过滤的是什么呢, 生:血液。 师:是的，血液在流经肾的时候，废物被滤走了。因此，从肾动脉进入的是含代谢废物较多的血液，而经过肾以后，从肾静脉出去的就是不含废物的血液了。 在活体或刚刚离体的状态下，因为有大量的血液经过，因此肾皮质是深红色的。而离体较长时间后，与血液断开了，肾皮质的颜色逐渐变浅，变为浅红色的了。 所以大家可不要小看自己的肾哦，它是一流的过滤器，经过肾的每一滴血，每天要被过滤300次。肾有如此高的过滤效能是因为里面包含了100万个犹如“过滤工厂”的结构，你知道它是谁吗, 生:肾单位。 (四)肾单位的结构 师:示图。血液都是在肾单位中过滤的，你能找到血液在肾的进口和出口吗, 师:血液从哪根血管进入,请这位同学来揭开它神秘的面纱。 生:入球小动脉。 血液从哪根血管出去, 生:出球小动脉。 师:那么血液在哪里被过滤的呢,中间的这个球状结构是什么呢, 生:肾小球。 师:手势示意。肾小球是由入球小动脉分支形成的毛细血管球。血液就是在这里被过滤的。那么物质透过来后，得有一个容器接住呀，就象我们刚才的实验一样，这个容器是谁呢, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 生:肾小囊。 师:肾小囊是一个杯状物，紧紧的包住肾小球。要让小分子的物质也能进入，肾小囊的囊壁也应该具有怎样的特点呢, 生:也是由一层细胞组成的，所以小分子的物质很容易穿过囊壁到达肾小囊内部。 师:那么现在老师考一考大家的思维，血液从肾小球到肾小囊，哪些结构相 当于实验中的滤纸, 生:讨论，肾小球毛细血管壁和肾小囊的囊壁。 师:这些物质不能老停留在肾小囊里面呀，得及时的把它们送走，这又靠谁呢,肾小管，肾小管非常地细长而曲折，多个肾单位的肾小管聚到一起，就汇成了集合管。 师:现在哪位同学来一下，肾单位是由哪几部分组成的, 生:肾小球、肾小囊、肾小管。 师:而入球小动脉、出球小动脉、集合管等结构是不是肾单位的组成部分呢, 生:并不是肾单位的组成部分。 (五)结课 那么从肾小球滤过的都是废物吗,尿液究竟是怎样形成的呢,这些问题我们留到下节课解决。 ,六,再回顾一遍本节课内容 六( 板书设计 人体泌尿系统的组成 肾 形成尿液 输尿管 输送尿液 膀胱 贮存尿液 尿道 排出尿液 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 课堂练习 一体泌尿系统的组成 填空题 人体的泌尿系统由__________、__________、__________和__________组成。它 的主要功能是____________________。其中，肾脏是__________尿液的器官，其他 器官的功能是______________________________。 选择题 肾的基本单位是 ( ) A 肾小球 B 肾小囊 C 肾小管 D 肾单位 识图题 图11,l是一个肾单位的结构模式图，请据图回答。 填写图中各结构的名称: (一)__________;(二)__________。 ?__________;?__________;?__________;?__________。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,