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ORACLE函数大全

2019-01-16 45页 doc 323KB 53阅读

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ORACLE函数大全ORACLE函数大全 SQL中的单记录函数 1. ASCII 返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数; SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual; A         A      ZERO     SPACE --------- --------- --------- --------- 65        97        48        32 2. CHR 给出整数,返回对应的字符; SQL> s...
ORACLE函数大全
ORACLE函数大全 SQL中的单函数 1. ASCII 返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数; SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual; A         A      ZERO     SPACE --------- --------- --------- --------- 65        97        48        32 2. CHR 给出整数,返回对应的字符; SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual; ZH C -- - 赵 A 3. CONCAT 连接两个字符串; SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'转23'  高乾竞电话 from dual; 高乾竞电话 ---------------- 010-********转23 4. INITCAP 返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写; SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual; UPP ----- Smith 5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J) 在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置; C1    被搜索的字符串 C2    希望搜索的字符串 I     搜索的开始位置,默认为1 J     出现的位置,默认为1 SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual; INSTRING --------- 9 6.LENGTH 返回字符串的长度; SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst; NAME   LENGTH(NAME) ADDR             LENGTH(ADDR)       SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL)) ------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- -------------------- 高乾竞            3 北京市海锭区                6   9999.99                    7 7.LOWER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写 SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual; AABBCCDD -------- aabbccdd 8.UPPER 返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写 SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual; UPPER -------- AABBCCDD 9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符) RPAD  在列的右边粘贴字符 LPAD  在列的左边粘贴字符 SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual; LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1 ----------------- *******gao******* 不够字符则用*来填满 10.LTRIM和RTRIM LTRIM  删除左边出现的字符串 RTRIM  删除右边出现的字符串 SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('   gao qian jing   ',' '),' ') from dual; LTRIM(RTRIM(' ------------- gao qian jing 11.SUBSTR(string,start,count) 取子字符串,从start开始,取count个 SQL> select substr('130********',3,8) from dual; SUBSTR(' -------- 08888888 12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2') string   希望被替换的字符或变量 s1       被替换的字符串 s2       要替换的字符串 SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual; REPLACE('H ---------- i love you 13.SOUNDEX 返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串 SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8)); SQL> insert into table1 values('weather'); SQL> insert into table1 values('wether'); SQL> insert into table1 values('gao'); SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather'); XM -------- weather wether 14.TRIM('s' from 'string') LEADING   剪掉前面的字符 TRAILING  剪掉后面的字符 如果不指定,默认为空格符 SQL> select TRIM('s' from 'string') from dual; TRIM('s' from 'string') tring 15.ABS 返回指定值的绝对值 SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual; ABS(100) ABS(-100) --------- --------- 100       100 16.ACOS 给出反余弦的值 SQL> select acos(-1) from dual; ACOS(-1) --------- 3.1415927 17.ASIN 给出反正弦的值 SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual; ASIN(0.5) --------- .52359878 18.ATAN 返回一个数字的反正切值 SQL> select atan(1) from dual; ATAN(1) --------- .78539816 19.CEIL 返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数 SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual; CEIL(3.1415927) --------------- 4 20.COS 返回一个给定数字的余弦 SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual; COS(-3.1415927) --------------- -1 21.COSH 返回一个数字反余弦值 SQL> select cosh(20) from dual; COSH(20) --------- 242582598 22.EXP 返回一个数字e的n次方根 SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual; EXP(2)    EXP(1) --------- --------- 7.3890561 2.7182818 23.FLOOR 对给定的数字取整数 SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual; FLOOR(2345.67) -------------- 2345 24.LN 返回一个数字的对数值 SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual; LN(1)     LN(2) LN(2.7182818) --------- --------- ------------- 0 .69314718     .99999999 25.LOG(n1,n2) 返回一个以n1为底n2的对数 SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual; LOG(2,1)  LOG(2,4) --------- --------- 0         2 26.MOD(n1,n2) 返回一个n1除以n2的余数 SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual; MOD(10,3)  MOD(3,3)  MOD(2,3) --------- --------- --------- 1         0         2 27.POWER 返回n1的n2次方根 SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual; POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3) ----------- ---------- 1024         27 28.ROUND和trunc 按照指定的精度进行舍入 SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual; ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5) ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ 56          -55          55          -55 29.SIGN 取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0 SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual; SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)   SIGN(0) --------- ---------- --------- 1         -1         0 30.SIN 返回一个数字的正弦值 SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual; SIN(1.57079) ------------ 1 31.SIGH 返回双曲正弦的值 SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual; SIN(20)  SINH(20) --------- --------- .91294525 242582598 32.SQRT 返回数字n的根 SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual; SQRT(64)  SQRT(10) --------- --------- 8 3.1622777 33.TAN 返回数字的正切值 SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual; TAN(20)   TAN(10) --------- --------- 2.2371609 .64836083 34.TANH 返回数字n的双曲正切值 SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual; TANH(20)   TAN(20) --------- --------- 1 2.2371609 35.trunc 按照指定的精度截取一个数 SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual; TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2) --------- ------------------ 100             124.16 36.ADD_MONTHS 增加或减去月份 SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA ------ 200002 SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA ------ 199910 37.LAST_DAY 返回日期的最后一天 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual; TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S ---------- ---------- 2004.05.09 2004.05.10 SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual; LAST_DAY(S ---------- 31-5月 -04 38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1) 给出date2-date1的月份 SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual; MON_BETWEEN ----------- 9 SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual; MON_BETW --------- -60 39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that') 给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time 2  (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual; BJ_TIME             LOS_ANGLES ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32 40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day') 给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期 SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual; NEXT_DAY ---------- 25-5月 -01 41.SYSDATE 用来得到系统的当前日期 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,' ----------------- 09-05-2004 星期日 trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒 SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh, 2  to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual; HH                  HHMM ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00 42.CHARTOrowid 将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型 SQL> select rowid,ROWIDtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp; ROWID              ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME ------------------ ------------------ ---------- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES 43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset) 将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集 SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual; conver ------ strutz 44.HEXTORAW 将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制 45.RAWTOHEXT 将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制 46.rowidTOCHAR 将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型 47.TO_CHAR(date,'format') SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY ------------------- 2004/05/09 21:14:41 48.TO_DATE(string,'format') 将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期 49.TO_MULTI_BYTE 将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符 SQL>  select to_multi_byte('高') from dual; TO -- 高 50.TO_NUMBER 将给出的字符转换为数字 SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual; YEAR --------- 1999 51.BFILENAME(dir,file) 指定一个外部二进制文件 SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif')); 52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') 将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command, 2  0,'none', 3  2,'insert', 4  3, 5  'select', 6  6,'update', 7  7,'delete', 8  8,'drop', 9  'other') cmd  from v$session where type!='background'; SID   SERIAL# USERNAME                       CMD --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------ 1         1                                none 2         1                                none 3         1                                none 4         1                                none 5         1                                none 6         1                                none 7      1275                                none 8      1275                                none 9        20 GAO                            select 10        40 GAO                            none 53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length) DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值 SQL> col global_name for a30 SQL> col dump_string for a50 SQL> set lin 200 SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name; GLOBAL_NAME                    DUMP_STRING ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ORACLE.WORLD                   Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D 54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB() 这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数 55.GREATEST 返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小. SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual; GR -- AC SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual; GR -- 天 56.LEAST 返回一组表达式中的最小值 SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual; LE -- 啊 57.UID 返回标识当前用户的唯一整数 SQL> show user USER 为"GAO" SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid; USERNAME                         USER_ID ------------------------------ --------- GAO                                   25 58.USER 返回当前用户的名字 SQL> select user from  dual; USER ------------------------------ GAO 59.USEREVN 返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是: ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE ISDBA  查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual; USEREN ------ FALSE SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual; USEREN ------ TRUE SESSION 返回会话标志 SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual; USERENV('SESSIONID') -------------------- 152 ENTRYID 返回会话人口标志 SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual; USERENV('ENTRYID') ------------------ 0 INSTANCE 返回当前INSTANCE的标志 SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual; USERENV('INSTANCE') ------------------- 1 LANGUAGE 返回当前环境变量 SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; USERENV('LANGUAGE') ---------------------------------------------------- SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK LANG 返回当前环境的语言的缩写 SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual; USERENV('LANG') ---------------------------------------------------- ZHS TERMINAL 返回用户的终端或机器的标志 SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual; USERENV('TERMINA ---------------- GAO VSIZE(X) 返回X的大小(字节)数 SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual; VSIZE(USER) USER ----------- ------------------------------ 6 SYSTEM 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL) all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值 SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2)); 语句已处理。 SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS>  insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55); SQLWKS> commit; SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3; AVG(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- 3333.33 SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3; AVG(ALLSAL) ----------- 2592.59 61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次 SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp; MAX(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- 5000 62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次 SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3; MIN(ALLSAL) ----------- 1111.11 63.STDDEV(distinct|all) 求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差 SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp; STDDEV(SAL) ----------- 1182.5032 SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp; STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL) ------------------- 1229.951 64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL) 求协方差 SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp; VARIANCE(SAL) ------------- 1398313.9 65.GROUP BY 主要用来对一组数进行统计 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno; DEPTNO  COUNT(*)  SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 10         3      8750 20         5     10875 30         6      9400 66.HAVING 对分组统计再加限制条件 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5; DEPTNO  COUNT(*)  SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 20         5     10875 30         6      9400 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ; DEPTNO  COUNT(*)  SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 20         5     10875 30         6      9400 67.ORDER BY 用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出 SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc; DEPTNO ENAME            SAL --------- ---------- --------- 10 KING            5000 10 CLARK           2450 10 MILLER          1300 20 SCOTT           3000 20 FORD            3000 20 JONES           2975 20 ADAMS           1100 20 SMITH            800 30 BLAKE           2850 30 ALLEN           1600 30 TURNER          1500 30 WARD            1250 30 MARTIN          1250 30 JAMES            950 常用功能函数经典汇总 Oracle 最常用功能函数经典汇总 来源:ChinaITLab 收集整理 2004-6-14 10:58:00     * SQL Group Function* s (num can be a column or ex pression)       (null values are ign* ored, default between distin ct and all is all)       *********************************** **************************** ****************       AVG([distinct or all] num)   -- average value     COUNT(distinct or all] num) -- number of values     MAX([distinct or all ] num)  -- maximum value         MAX([distinct or all] num)   -- minimum value     STDDEV([distinct or all] num)  -- standard devi ation       SUM([distinct or all ] num)  -- sum of values         VARIANCE([distinct o r all] num) -- variance of v alues         ******************************************************* ************************     * Miscellaneaous Functions : *     *********************************** **************************** ****************       DECODE(expr, srch1, return1 [,srch2, return2...] , default]       -- if no search matches t he expression then the default is returned,     -- otherwise, the first search that match es will cause       -- the corres ponding return value to be r eturned       DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p os [, length]]])     -- returns an column internal oracle format, used for getting info about a       -- format options : 8 = oc tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters     -- return type codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,       --  23 = raw, 24 = long raw, 69 = rowid, 96 = char, 106 = mlslabel       GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]   -- returns the largest val ue of all expressions     LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]   -- returns the smallest value of all expre ssions       NVL(expr1 ,expr2   -- if expr1 is not null, i t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned     SQLCODE   -- returns sql error code query, of last error. Can not be used directly in     -- value must be set to local variable fir st       SQLERRM   -- returns sqlin query, error message of last error . Can not be used directly       -- value must be set to lo cal variable first     UID   -- returns the user id of the user you are logged on as     -- useful in s electing information from lo w level sys tables       USER   -- returns the user name of the user you a re logged on as       USERENV('option')   -- returns inf ormation about the user you are logged on as       -- options : E NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL, LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA       --   ( all options not available in all Oracle versions)       VSIZE(expr)   -- returns the number of b ytes used by the expression     -- useful in s electing information about t able space requirements         *********************************** **************************** ****************       * SQL Date Functions (dt represe* nts oracle date and time)     * (functions return * an oracle date unless otherw ise specified)       ******************************************************* ************************     ADD_MONTHS(dt, num) -- adds num months to dt (num can be negative)       LAST_DAY(dt) -- last day of month in month containing dt       MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retudt2 rns fractional value of months between dt1,     NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tzzone 2 2)  -- dt = date in time zo ne 1, returns date in time       NEXT_DAY(dt, str) -- dateetc..) of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',     SYSDATE  -- present system date   ROUND(dt [,fmt]  -- roun ds dt as specified by format fmt     trunc(dt [,fmt] -- truncates dt as spe cified by format fmt         ******************************************************* ************************     * Number Functions : *     ******************************************************* ************************     ABS(num) -- absolute value of num     CEIL(num) -- smallest integer > or = num   COS(num) -- cosine(n um), num in radians     COSH(num)   -- hyperbolic cosine(num)     EXP(num) -- e raised to the num powe r       FLOOR(num)   -- largest integer < or = num     LN(num)  -- natural logarithm of num     LOG(num2, num1)  -- logarith m base num2 of num1     MOD(num2, num1)  -- remainde r of num2 / num1     POWER(num2, num1)  -- num2 raised to the num1 power       ROUND(num1 [,num2]  -- num1 rou nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)     SIGN(num) -- sign of num * 1, 0 if num = 0     SIN(num) -- sin(num), num in radians         SINH(num) -- hyperbolic sine(num)   SQRT(num) -- square root of num   TAN(num) -- tangent( num), num in radians     TANH(num)   -- hyperbolic tangent(num)         TRUNC(num1 [,num2]  -- truncate num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)       ******************************************************* ************************     * String Functions, * String Result :       ******************************************************* ************************     (num)   -- ASCII character for num     CHR(num) -- ASCII character for n um       CONCAT(str1, str2)  -- str1 concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)     INITCAP(str) -- capitalize first lett er of each word in str       LOWER(str)  -- str w ith all letters in lowercase     LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left spaces) pad str1 to length num with str2 (default     LTRIM(str [,set])  -- remove set from left side of str (default spaces)       NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl s_val]) -- same as initcap f or different languages       NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_ val])  -- same as lower for different languages       REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r eplaces str2 with str3 in str1     -- deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted     RPAD(str1, num [,str(default spaces) 2]) -- right pad str1 to length num with str2       RTRIM(str [,set]) spaces) -- remove set from right side of str (default       SOUNDEX(str) -- phonetic represen tation of str       SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n um1])  -- substring of str, starting with num2,       -- omitted) num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is     SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,bytes num1]) -- same as substr bu t num1, num2 expressed in       TRANSLATE(str, set1, set2) -- replaces set1 in str with set2       -- truncated if set2 is longer than set1, it will be     UPPER(str)   -- str with all lett ers in uppercase         *********************************** **************************** ****************       * String Functions, * Numeric Result :       ******************************************************* ************************       ASCII(str)   -- ASCII value of str     INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]] ) -- position of num2th occurrence of     -- str2 in str1, starting at num1     -- (num1, num2 default to 1)     INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]] ) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2     LENGTH(str) -- number of characters in str       LENGTHB(str) -- number of bytes in str     NLSSORT(str [,nls_val]) -- nls_val byte value of str       ******************************************************* ************************     * SQL Conversion Functions  *     ******************************************************* ************************     CHARTOROWID(str) -- converts str to ROWID     CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1 ]) -- converts str to chr_set2     character set -- chr_set1 default is the datbase       HEXTORAW(str)   -- converts hex string va lue to internal raw values       RAWTOHEX(raw_val) -- convert s raw hex value to hex string value     ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)  -- converts rowid to 18 ch aracter string format       TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])fmt -- converts expr(date or n umber) to format specified by       TO_DATE(str [,fmt]) -- converts string to dat e       TO_MULTI_BYTE(str) -- convert s single byte string to multi byte string     TO_NUMBER(str [,fmt]) -- convert s str to a number formatted by fmt     TO_SINGLE_BYTE(str) -- converts multi byte st ring to single byte string         ******************************************************* ************************     * SQL Date Formats *       *********************************** **************************** ****************         BC, B.C. BC indicator   AD, A.D. AD indicator   CC, SCC Cent ury Code (SCC includes space or - sign)       YYYY, SYYYY 4 digit year (SY YYY includes space or - sign)     IYYY 4 digit ISO year   Y,YYY   4 digit year with comma   YYY, YY, or Y  last 3, 2, or 1 digit of year     YEAR, SYEAR year spelled out (SYEAR includes space or - sign)     RR  last 2 digits of year in prior or next century     Q   quarter or year, 1 to 4   MM  month - from 01 to 12   MONTH   month spelled out   MON month 3 letter abbreviation   RM  roman numeral for month   WW  week of year, 1 to 53   IW  ISO week of year , 1 to 52 or 1 to 53     W   week of month, 1 to 5 (week 1 begins 1st day of the month)     D   day of week, 1 to 7   DD  day of month, 1 to 31   DDD day of year, 1 to 366   DAY day of week spel led out, nine characters right padded     DY  day abbreviation   J   # of days since Jan 1, 4712 BC     HH, HH12 hour of day, 1 to 12   HH24 hour of day, 0 to 23   MI  minute of hour, 0 to 59   SS  second of minute, 0 to 59   SSSSS   seco nds past midnight, 0 to 8639 9       AM, A.M. am indicator   PM, P.M. pm indicator   any puctuation punc tuation between format items , as in 'DD/MM/YY'       any text text between format items   TH  conv erts 1 to '1st', 2 to '2nd', and so on       SP  converts 1 to 'o ne', 2 to 'two', and so on     SPTH converts 1 to 'F IRST', 2 to 'SECOND', and so on     FX  fill exact : uses exact pattern matching       FM  fill mode : tog gles suppression of blanks in output      
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