英文介绍英国皇室历史_礼仪_及其婚姻

英文介绍英国皇室历史_礼仪_及其婚姻 学学士位毕毕毕文 20084092221学号: 学生姓名,毕毕毕 指毕毕,教季毕 所在院,学文理院学 毕 毕,英毕 中国?大毕 2011年10月 Analysis of the British royal family lives, on their role in British society Name: Xu Yingying Instructor: Ji Ying College: Arts & Science Major: English Heilongjiang BaYi Agricultural University Daqing?China October, 2011 Analysis of the British royal family lives, on their role in British society In reviewing the history of British colonialism, when the globe, how to maintain the British empire, gunboats are the most common reason that people mention, on the other hand, some historians believe that this seemingly nothing without the king , but very strong bond, the sun does not and can not from the empire to maintain national unity and stability of psychological cohesion. British royal family for today's Commonwealth, the Empire is not the old days of intangible assets, highly respected in the international community. After the disintegration of the British Empire, in order to maintain the independent sovereign state with the link between the establishment of the Commonwealth today. Many independent countries have joined the organization. The Queen is nominally the head of the Commonwealth. She always kept in mind to fully use their influence to strengthen solidarity between Member States, continue to play an active role by the international respect. King's symbolic significance for the colony, the former British colony of Zimbabwe because of human rights and corruption issues with the British government against each other, but never denied that the king's admiration for the British love of love. The supreme ruler of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe said in many interviews in both, "we still love the king." Held in Australia in 2000, all citizens vote, the majority of the people or the retention of the Queen of England to continue as Australia's head of state.However, the current view of the world situation and the people within the royal family in the waning influence, the abolition of the monarchy was also controversial. From 1910 to 1979, Portugal announced the short-lived Republic of the Central African Empire fall, most of the sovereign States are the two world wars against cyclones, while others were rising, and today continues a wave of anti-colonialism overwhelmed. Shortly after 2006, the British royal family announced plans in April that the British Queen Elizabeth II to celebrate the eightieth birthday. British royal family web site also contains a large number of Elizabeth II on the throne in 1952, has been involved in a major event in the picture. The most attention as the world's only remaining of the "constitutional monarchy", one of the Queen when it will pass in the end position, and how to arrange her transfer position, once again set off the discussion of the abolition of the monarchy. Although the British throne transmission problem does not exist, but the new king ascended the throne in order is not an easy task. Everything is because of the British Prince Charles - Queen's evaluation has been the legal successor to the poor. In 2005, Prince Charles and Camilla decided, a childhood understanding of the aristocratic female remarriage, a poll has revealed that nearly 23% of the British Queen Jiabeng that, after considering whether the UK should be completely abolished monarchy. Nearly 28% of Britons believe that once the death of the Queen, the British monarchy should be abolished immediately. Survival of the British royal family have a greater direct threat, most "born" in the British colonies or dependencies of the Commonwealth member states are no longer recognizes the threat to the Queen as the symbol. Although controversy exists, but there is the historical significance of the British royal family is not forgotten, and the lives of the royal family to outsiders is still the envy of most people to enjoy the kind of nobility, but how exactly is the British royal family's image, they live how's life, which for those of us non-Commonwealth countries, people who are unknown to fans, then let us work together uncover the mystery of the British royal family, to understand him, but also can be left on the abolition of the monarchy trace of their views. 1. Introduction to the British royal family 1.1 The history of the British royal family British royal family is the world's longest one of the royal family, took over from William I of England in 1066, so far, 930 years, experienced a 10-generation dynasty, 40 King and Queen. Throne in the male members of the same family legend, the dynasty followed the same name; the throne of the Queen's son if passed, will change the name of the dynasty. The new king of the ruling dynasty is usually based on the family name or to name the manor. England have experienced the rule of the Roman Empire, after the withdrawal of the Romans, into the small kingdom, a small tribal alliance during the melee, to the 6th century, the invasion of Anglo - Saxon Kingdom of the formation of seven (tribal alliance). Kingdom of Wessex began to grow up, 829 King Egbert overpower the other kingdom, the overlord of England. At the same time, the British also entered the "era of Viking terror", has been a wave of Viking invasion. Egbert's grandson Alfred against the Danes because of the successful invasion, and construction in London, organized compilation of "Alfred Code", "Anglo - Saxon Chronicle" and other achievements and was later revered as "the Great" (the great). Wessex dynasty king passed the 15 generations, to Edmund II, finally unable to resist the Danes, the Danish king Cnut was forced to divide and conquer England. Edmund II died in 1016, Knut annexed the whole of England, began a dynasty of Danish rule. But in 1042, descendants of the royal family of Wessex "Confessor" Edward to matrilineal descent who inherited the throne of Denmark. In 1066, Edward the Confessor before death inspired sage meeting elected Bernhard II is king. But from France across the sea northwest of Norman Duke William conquered England, he is the "conqueror" William I, the establishment of a Norman dynasty. William I of the packet to a large number of Norman nobles of England, through the preparation of the national census "survey land tax books" to strengthen the monarchy in England. Son of William I, Henry I, because there is no male heir, died and was nephew Stephen won the throne, but Henry I's daughter Matilda and his son Henry II refused to accept defeat Stephen, Henry II as heir to force Stephen Li. 1154, Henry II Plantagenet dynasty began ruling. Plantagenet Dynasty (Anjou Dynasty) is the name of the first monarch in British history, giving birth to the golden age. Henry II has a high legal attainments, of the British legal system made a lot of effective reform. His son Richard I to the throne, at the Third Crusade, Saladin was defeated and fame, won the "Lionheart" in the title. The younger brother of Richard I, "no to the king," John, following up, defeated by King Philip II of France lost in the vast territory, but the great nobles in 1215 under duress to sign the "Magna Carta of freedom" is the constitutional history of the world milestone. "No Lord" during the reign of Henry III's son, also adopted by the great nobles of the stress of the "Oxford Regulations" and the "Westminster Bill," Parliament set up a legislative body. Henry III's son, "legs" during the reign of Edward I, mature parlia- mentary system, and improve the legal system of England, also annexed Wales, the Scottish expedition, the British laid the foundation for the unity. To Edward I, the Sun Aide Huasan Shi era, due to a request to the French throne, the British opened a prelude to the Hundred Years War, and failures have been several times in the French knight corps. Edward III's grandson, Richard II, Henry IV was deposed by Duke of Lancaster, Lancaster Plantagenet dynasty dynasty was replaced. Henry IV is actually the grandson of Edward III, is a glimpse of the Duke of Lancaster's son, Prince Gunter.Henry IV's son, Henry V reopened Hundred Years War, ravaged more than half of France, forcing King admitted that he is heir to, but unfortunately died in the violence on the battlefield in France. His son Henry VI became less than a year old British and French king, but the appearance of Joan of Arc to reverse the French war, the British were driven out of France. Henry VI's reign in the UK soon retain his job, in 1455, the descendants of Edward III, granddaughter Fei Lipa, Duke of York Rebellion, the war known as "Red War of the Roses," Henry VI undone waste legislation , Li undone waste, and ultimately defeated by the York family's hands. York family of Edward IV to the throne, established a dynasty of York. Wars of the Roses, but not the end of 1485, the Duke of Lancaster Gaunt great-granddaughter of Henry VII's son back to England from abroad, attack, kill King Richard III of York last dynasty, established the Tudor dynasty.Henry VII's son, Henry VIII after the issue due to waste, to break with the Pope of Rome, introduced the Reformation in England, the King of England from a "state religion of the leader", the daughter of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I's so smooth through the Reformation in England chaos, and in the economic, cultural and military have made great progress. But Elizabeth I never married, without issue, the Tudor dynasty ended, her grand-nephew of the table (great-grandson of Henry VIII's sister) King James VI of Scotland inherited the throne of England, said James I of England, Scotland history once ruled by the same king, began the Stuart dynasty. James I's son Charles I in the United Kingdom was overthrown in the revolution of 1640-1648, and eventually sent to the guillotine, by Cromwell as Protector. Charles I's son Charles II in 1660 restoration of the Stuart dynasty, but after his brother James II ascended the throne, regardless of the UK most people have converted to Protestant conditions in an attempt to restore the dominance of the Catholic Church, into a deserted situation, his daughter Mary and son William II (William III to govern the Netherlands) in China under the invitation of the new aristocracy, invaded England to overthrow the rule of James II, but they accept the Parliament's "bill of rights" The premise was able to reign, the provisions of the King without the consent of Parliament can not stop any legal effect, the collection of taxes and so on. This event called the "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional monarchy. Mary II's sister Anne to the throne, declared with England and Scotland into one kingdom. Anne without issue and finally, the end of the Stuart dynasty. In 1714, the British Parliament invited the son of James I's granddaughter, the family of Hanover, Germany, the United Kingdom George inherited the throne, began the Hanover dynasty. Hanover dynasty greatly to the overseas expansion of the British colony, and began the golden age of industrial revolution, to the sixth king - the hands of Queen Victoria, Britain's overseas colonies to over 3300 square km, known as "sun empire," while in the industrial revolution, the continuous generation of new things, social life with each passing day, the British Empire reached its peak. At the same time the real power in the British royal family has continued to shrink, to the 20th century, the country's political life has almost become a "rubber stamp." Queen Victoria and the German Saxe - Coburg - Gotha family, Albert married his son to the throne after King Edward VII, also known as the father's surname of Saxe - Coburg - Gotha dynasty. Edward VII's son, during the reign of George V, to catch up with the First World War, Germany's adversaries do not wish to use the name, the royal surname of "Windsor" (because the royal palace, "Windsor"), also renamed the dynasty name as "Windsor." Windsor continues to this day, the current reign of Queen Elizabeth II is the fourth king. Although the British royal family has gone through many dynasties, but in fact there between before and after the reign of blood near or distant the relationship, royal blood has not stopped. 1.2 Royal Throne Determined according to primogeniture, that the throne should start with the current monarch's eldest son inherited, then turn the other son, according to the order, and finally her turn. But according to law, the British throne is not automatic, 1701 through the Act of Settlement provides that the throne should be passed to Lady Hou Sophia of Hanover Elector's blood descendants, and successors shall not be Catholic, nor funerals a Catholic. If China Wang Zhangzi dead, their heirs from inheritance; but if the eldest son died without descendants, the second son or his heirs from the inheritance; king no male descendants, or their heirs will inherit from the eldest daughter; King no children, by brother inherited. In addition to the descendants of the ruling king, the royal family and other close family members also enjoy the right to inherit the throne. Some people think that the regulations and other UK law prohibits religious discrimination in terms of conflict. But in fact, the vast majority are eligible to inherit the throne of the people are Protestants, but also in public are mostly members of the Anglican claim. In addition, the bill also stipulates that the throne is inherited by the Parliament to decide, rather than the monarch himself. Thus, today the British royal family members have the right of succession to the throne, the top ten were: the eldest son of Prince Charles, grandson Prince William, second son Prince Andrew, the third son of Prince Edward, Princess Anne, daughter, grandson Peter • Phillips, granddaughter Zara • Phillips, sister, Princess Margaret, Viscount Linley (son of Margaret) and Sarah Armstrong, a • Joan (Margaret's daughter).However, in this 10 "alternate king", only Prince Charles and Prince William's rank is fixed, the other person's ranking is only temporary. Top of the heir if the death or announced their abstention, in turn behind the person's rank incremental; the other hand, if the person in front of home childbirth imports, followed by one's position should all move back. If there are no extraordinary events occurred after the heir to the throne for the second person, is just a dream. 2. British Royal Etiquette Today, the British aristocratic way of life also followed some of the stereotypes of the past, from the content of education, sports, hobbies, leisure habits, social life, behavior (etiquette and manners) to charity, which is usually the nobility talked about the subject. With the continuous development of the royal family, royal etiquette is also increasingly sophisticated. His role is important, first, to enhance personal prestige, and second, competition with other European royal family, third, the international environment changes, the king not only as its predecessors only community leaders, now it is considered the nation's leaders , Fourth, consistency, stability, Community embodiment, five is to show the world but its a long, continuous tradition of the only incarnation. In the past years, such as Queen Elizabeth II royal tutor through your education, now, the elite school is first choice for nobles. Eton popular with 13-18 year-old young nobles of joy Ó ?, Prince Charles, Prince William and Prince Harry have graduated from the school. The UK's most prestigious girls' school is Tottenham Chelsea tie up women's college - a woman boarding day school. Huan Ó ? by the nobles of the famous Oxford University, Cambridge and London University. Speaking of social events, charity balls and often for a variety of festivals, the highlight of the event, dedication of their time, money and effort, people expect and appreciate the noble generosity is reflected in this. The opera, ballet and theater arts who is also the most respected aristocratic leisure. Polo, hunting, shooting and horse racing and other sports in the nobility in the countryside is widely Huan Ó ?, golf and table tennis are also very popular. Tennis and cricket (in the 18th century gentleman in the prevalence in the UK) have gradually become the nobility, upper-class social movements on behalf of the spirit of the sport.As the special status, the nobility have more opportunities to participate in a variety of activities or ceremonies (such as the Upper House parliamentary activities). Be introduced, talk, shake hands, ceremonial embrace, instrument bearing, body language, etc. These have revealed the basic courtesy of a person's "class" or the noble class. No matter where, humble, polite, elegant manners and a mature sophisticated social skills are obviously important."As a special group, sharing the wisdom of the noble ideas, refined patterns of behavior and superior way of life", the words of an anonymous person enough to summarize the essence of nobility. And they are a symbol of the British gentleman ceremonies, a variety of the UK's local etiquette is to abide by. Respect the etiquette, handshake ---- female Nobuo then, the right to walk --- male female left, open the door open for women --- men. Meals, smoking is considered rude; teeth in front of someone else's face is rude. In front of people sneezing, coughing, to a handkerchief Yanzhe. According to British practice, the hand can not be on the table below. Therefore, the meal will not put his hand on the following, do not hand in his trouser pockets to take the handkerchief installed, and do not Qujian things fall to the ground. In smoking, sparking a match or a cigarette lighter is not as three individuals. Some Britons believe that if you use a knife and fork when eating a cup touch the ring, and let it ring more than fat, it will bring misfortune, therefore, together with the British meals, cutlery utensils to avoid a crash. During the meeting, conversation, avoid the royal family as a laughing matter of information, but also not talk about the topic with the Royal British irony. Because British law does not allow criticism from the King of England and the royal family. In addition, when the British said, avoid using "English" word that is appropriate to "British" word. Because the "English" was intended only to represent England and the United Kingdom such as Scotland or Wales, other ethnic groups. British life is very private matter in some of the mind, in addition to familiar, very close friends, but most people can not ask things in life, such as how much money, how much monthly salary. Saw a friend wearing a very nice watch, do not ask this table worth. Others such as rent and other money issues are best never mind, otherwise the other party that you are very rude. Another example is age, especially women, do not want others to interfere in age from. Dinner daily in the UK, first pour the milk, then pour tea. Mainly to prevent the stick on the cup of tea. Teapot addition to the hostess, but no one not to move. Thinly sliced roast beef is the man of the house tasks. Man of the house must pay attention to whether all of us here are assigned to food-stuffs. Britons believe that "13" is a number of ominous, if the case Friday is just 13, was considered to be unlucky twice. Therefore, business dinner with British companies, to avoid the sides of 13 people, not business-related activities scheduled for 13. UK hotels, all hotel room is not 13. 13 rows found in the theater, 13 seats. Most British people think that "7" figure can bring good luck, and the Saturday as auspicious. If you meet or bid farewell to the British and, to avoid shaking hands through someone else's hands. Britons think that would bring misfortune cross handshake. British are very proud of their sense of humor, if when faced with an Englishman that you do not have a sense of humor when he may be a great insult. Therefore, in conversation with the British, should be very aware of this 3. British royal wedding 3.1 The Proposal The Royal Marriages Act of 1772 requires all royal descendants to seek the sovereign's approval for marriage. But the requirements don't stop there—the 1701 Act of Settlement prohibits royals from marrying Catholics. To wed the Queen's eldest grandchild Peter Phillips in 2008, Autumn Kelly converted from Roman Catholicism to Anglicanism so her husband would keep his place as 11th in line for the throne. Soon after Will and Kate's engagement was announced, officials from Buckingham Palace said the Queen was "absolutely delighted" for the couple, which can only mean she approved of Will's choice. 3.2 Stag and Hen Parties What began as a dinner party in Ancient Sparta has evolved into a party thrown in honor of a bachelor's soon-to-be-lost single status. But in the UK, groomsmen have taken the tradition even farther, now celebrating over an entire weekend's worth of festivities known as a stag weekend. While details are scarce, Will's office confirmed that the Prince's party took place in late March (about a month before the wedding). Hosted by his brother, Prince Harry, at a country estate, the party included Will's close friends James Meade, Thomas van Straubenzee, and Guy Pelly. With the dawn of the sexual revolution in the 1960s, women claimed their own night of "farewell-to-singlehood" revelry. Kate's "hen night" (we call it a bachelorette party around here) was even more hush-hush than Will's. Her sister Pippa reportedly booked four different hotel locations to throw off paparazzi. 3.3 Location The most traditional site for a royal ceremony is the Chapel Royal at St. James Palace, which housed the weddings of Queen Anne (1683), George III (1761), George IV (1795), Queen Victoria (1840), and George V (1893). More recent royal couples have since outgrown the small chapel, which seats 100, as the ceremonies have become more of a public spectacle. For her 1919 ceremony, Princess Patricia of Connaught brought Westminster Abbey back into vogue for royal weddings for the first time in 605 years. Westminster was then chosen for King George V's daughter Mary in 1922, Queen Elizabeth's parents in 1923, and the Queen's own wedding in 1947. Kate and Will are Westminster-bound, as well, but two alternatives would have been the much larger St. Paul's Cathedral where Charles and Diana wed or the much smaller St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle where Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles's wedding was dedicated following a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall in 2005. 3.4 Guests At an event as exclusive as a royal wedding, the guest list is everything. Fellow royals, foreign leaders, church officials, and diplomats dot the list along with the couple's own friends and family. The Royal Family sits on the right-side of the church, unless the groom is not royal, in which case they sit on the left. By the Queen's command, 1,900 invitations went out to Will and Kate's wedding guests—including to their friends from St. Andrews University, but notably excluding Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York. Male attendees are expected to wear military uniforms, morning dress (single-breasted coats with tails) or lounge suits (what we consider a business suit). Female attire is less specifically outlined, though hats are a must. 3.5 Transportation Most royal brides arrive to their wedding in horse-drawn regal style (Diana's choice: the 1881 Glass Coach purchased for George V's coronation in 1911), but Kate will instead arrive at Westminster Abbey with her father in a car. And not just any car. She's selected the Queen's Rolls Royce Phantom for its large windows to allow onlookers the best view. Once they are married, Kate and Will plan to depart the ceremony in the same carriage that transported Charles and Diana, a 1902 State Landau originally made for the coronation of Edward VII. For Charles and Camilla's wedding, Will and Harry tied metallic balloons and the words "Just Married" to the back of the couple's Bentley. What are the chances bad-boy Harry will try the same on Will and Kate's carriage?3.6 Bouquet When Queen Victoria married Prince Albert in 1840, she carried myrtle—known as the herb of love—in her bouquet. After the wedding, Victoria planted a myrtle shrub in her garden at the Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Every British royal bride since has carried a bouquet containing a sprig plucked from the same shrub. In an act of love to honor the armed forces, Kate will leave her bouquet in Westminster Abbey at the grave of the Unknown Warrior, a tradition begun by the late Queen Mum.3.7 Ceremony English brides lead the processional down the aisle, with her bridesmaids in tow unescorted by ushers, who stand at the front of the church with the groom. The couple has selected the 32-person Choir of Westminster Abbey, the Chapel Royal Choir, the 39 musicians of the London Chamber orchestra, and the Central Band of the Royal Air Force to perform various selections, which royal officials say will include well-known hymns and choral works, as well as some specially-commissioned pieces. Some royal wedding staples have been Mendelssohn's Wedding March, the hymn The Lord's My Shepherd, and Widor's Toccata from Organ Symphony No. 5, which was the recessional music at Edward and Sophie's wedding. (Official recordings of Will and Kate's music will be available on iTunes May 5.) The ceremony itself will be divided between three officiants: the Dean of Westminster conducting the service, the Archbishop of Canterbury presiding over the vows, and the Bishop of London giving the address. Will and Kate will likely exchange traditional vows, with one possible exception: Back in 1999, Sophie, Countess of Wessex, caused an uproar for promising to "honour, cherish and obey" Prince Edward, a public relations nightmare the newest royal couple might want to avoid repeating. 3.8 Wedding Band Beginning with the wedding of the Queen's late mother in 1923, all of the royal women's wedding bands have contained precious Welsh gold from the same nugget mined in Dolgellau, North Wales—a variety of gold that's three times more valuable than gold from Australia or South Africa. While the traditional nugget is almost depleted, the Queen has since been presented with another large nugget for subsequent weddings bands, including that of Sarah, Duchess of York and now Kate. Breaking with tradition, Will has decided not to wear a wedding ring. Even his father Charles wears a band in addition to his signet ring, but Will says he personally just isn't one for jewelry. 3.9 Reception Most British weddings are held at noon and are followed by a seated luncheon called a "wedding breakfast" (a brunch, basically). The Queen's luncheon was held in the Ball supper-room at Buckingham Palace for a small party, as was Diana's for about 120 guests. Following Will and Kate's 11am ceremony, 600 guests will join the new couple at the Palace for a buffet-style wedding breakfast hosted by the Queen. The reception will also include two cakes: one fruit (the traditional royal wedding choice) and one chocolate (at the request of Will). At 1:30pm, the couple will appear on the Buckingham Palace balcony to share a public kiss, a tradition begun by Charles and Diana. Usually, the royal couple then jets off to a honeymoon destination, but Kate and Will plan to stick around for a private dinner and night of dancing at the Palace hosted by the Prince of Wales. 3.10 Royal Titles With a few exceptions, women who marry royal male successors assume their husbands' titles: The Duke and Duchess of York, the Earl and Countess of Wessex, etc. The most notable exception is, of course, Camilla, who adopted the title Duchess of Cornwall instead of the Princess of Wales out of respect for Diana. If Prince Charles becomes King, Camilla will be the Princess Consort, not Queen Camilla. Will and Kate's titles haven't yet been announced, but the most likely contenders are: Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Duke and Duchess of Connaught, By royal background, historical review, a new understanding of royal etiquette and a detailed analysis of royal wedding, we have little understanding of the British royal family to abandon the envy of the previous one, a bit more sympathy and admiration. Moved to Elizabeth II for her devout religious beliefs, so had to accept the throne, and one to do that is six years, the eldest of her high, it should enjoy their grandchildren, children and grandchildren years of happiness , and she must give up these, to his country and people. We are full of too much of the royal family's expectations, it does not allow them to trace is not satisfactory, as Prince Charles's love life, as we drifted about, but also of his life causing a significant impact. And rules and regulations binding in the ruthless royal family at the same time we recognize them as is so taken for granted, Kate Princess marriage rituals on the six-month study for five months already thin and emaciated after marriage. Hope we see these gorgeous behind the pay, and some of them more inclusive. British royal family as a symbol, it represents a historical heritage, representing a long history, deep inside the country. I believe the royal family will go glorious, because it's gorgeous, because it's the atmosphere, because the people of the world's favorite