如何训练金毛犬

如何训练金毛犬 第一章 犬的调教与训练 对 狗的训练，应从出生二、三个月的小狗开始。饲主应有爱心和耐心，让小狗了解对主人的命令是要绝对服从的。有时小狗不听话，要对它进行体罚。可把报纸卷成棍 状鞭打狗嘴两边，体罚不能过度，否则小狗会产生害怕心理，整天畏前畏尾。当小狗听话时，可用手顺毛抚摸狗的身体，极力称赞鼓励。要使用统一的口令训练狗做 动作。狗是以声调来判断主人的意思的。故此，要让狗理解同样的意思，不能用不同的口令，否则小狗将无法区别。 家庭里每一个人都依据自己的喜好而管教的话，狗将会感到迷惑、无所适从。如果全家人都要管教狗的话，应事先商量好，要统一使用管教的动作和口令，让狗把一件件事情完全记住。一般来说，应注意以下几点: ? 让狗记住统一规定的口令，使它听到这个口令就会行动。 ? 让狗看到动作的记号。如举起右手食指并指向地下，然后喊坐下的口令，要它做出坐下的姿势。 ? 或用刺激的方法。如轻拍狗的腰部，让它采取坐下的姿势。 ? 句子要短，手势要单纯。如喊“等一下”，以手掌堵住狗嘴;如喊“给我”，手伸到狗嘴边，让它把咬的东西放在手掌上。 对狗的训练应从如下几方面: (一)排便的训练 事先给狗准备厕所，即准备大一点的平底盘子，在底部铺塑胶布，上面铺上几张事先染上你养这只狗的尿迹的旧报纸，然后放在走廊的角落或厕所、浴室内。 狗的便意通常是在刚睡醒时或刚吃过饭后。狗即将解大小便时，会闻地面，这时，应立即带到狗便器旁。 如果看到小狗不在规定的便器内排便而在其它地方时，应马上把它的鼻子按在排便的地方，并严加责备:“不准在此地排便～”同时用手打其屁股，以示警告。然后在排便的地方，用肥皂水洗干净，去除臭味。否则，小狗嗅到它自己粪便的气味，还会在此地大小便。 只要反复数次，耐心调教一、二个星期，较慢的至三、四个星期就能学会。往后除了外出，它通常都会在规定的地方排大小便。排完便后，把上一层的两张报纸和粪便一起处理掉，留下一张稍微有粪便气味的即可。 (二)牵狗散步的训练 初次牵狗散步，给它装项圈。一般脖子与项圈之间能够伸进两个手指为宜。牵狗散步的正确方法是让狗在主人的左边，不要给狗拉着跑，应该拉紧带子。狗习惯以后，即使没有带子，它也不会随便乱跑。 (三)训练狗不要随便乱吠叫 狗胡乱吠叫确实困扰人们。起初，当不要狗吠叫时，就对狗大喝:“不要叫～”使狗立刻停止吠叫，若无效，就用卷起报纸筒打它，此种训练方法效果较佳。 (四)训练狗不乱奔扑 狗为了表示亲密，具有以很快的速度向主人奔扑的习性，这种行为有时会弄衣服，令人觉得困扰。有客人来访时，狗奔扑上去，令客人害怕，主人也觉得很难为情。 矫正的方法是，对奔扑上来的狗，一边说“不行”，一边用手碰狗的鼻子。反复进行几次以后，狗就会因得到教训而不再奔扑。 (五)狗用餐的训练 给狗喂食，必须固定在一个地方、一定时间内并用固定餐具供给。要让狗学会在主人后才能吃食物。先将装有食 品的餐具放在狗面前，按住它的身体坐下，若狗不听口令而立即要吃，就得马上拿起餐具，一直等到它采取稍等的姿势，才说声“可以”，然后让它开始吃饭。 (六)训练狗“坐下” 把手放在狗腰上向下压，边压边说“坐下，坐下”，待狗坐好后，与狗拉开一定距离，发出“坐下”的命令，同时伸手呈水平放下，反复数次，狗熟练此动作后，只要用手势示意，不必发出命令即可奏效。 (七)让狗学会“拜拜”和“转身” 把狗爱吃的食物置于狗头上方，诱惑狗以后脚站立采取“拜拜”的姿势，还可在此基础上训练它转圈，最后训练到一听“转身”的口令就会旋转。 (八)训练伸手和“握手” 刚开始，喊声“伸手”，然后以一只手拿起它的左前脚，一只手拿起它的右前脚，一边说:“好，好”，一边抽出一只手抚摸狗的喉咙或胸部，还可给它吃点食物，这样会学得更快。 (九)训练“咬住”、“松口”“拿来” 这种训练需要强制和威压。通常使用一根短木棍，先命令它“咬住”，同时以一只手捏狗的耳朵，另一只手则拿短棍让它用嘴咬住，必须反复不断地练习。训练它搬 运的办法是让它人坐下，把东西放在离狗十几公尺远的地方，喊一声“咬住它”，当它咬住以后，又命令它拿过来。假如中途棍子掉落，主人须走到掉落的地方，将 木棍拿起，再让狗衔住过来，然后用手把东西接下，说“好，好”，抚摸它的头部。动作熟练后，可训练它咬住东西走路。 (十)训练狗有等待的耐性 当小狗学会“稍等”的姿势后，就可以带它到宁静的广场散步。先让狗坐下，然后发口令“不准动”，便可拿起带子的前端，缓慢地后退并绕狗的周围走。这时，如果狗改变姿势，便从头训练。狗学会做这个动作后，主人就可以放开带子走到较远的地方，让它耐心地原地等待。 (十一)训练狗能“招之即来” 最初牵着狗带子，一边喊“过来”，一边轻拉带子，使狗的脖子受到刺激而跑过来之后，即叫它坐下。习惯以后，就可解开带子，拉开距离进行训练。 (十二)教狗做伏地动作 首先让狗采取“坐下”的姿势，然后一面喊“伏地”口令，一面把狗二只前脚往前面拉，并轻按狗背，使它胸部着地，反复做这个动作。 (十三)拒食的训练 训练狗只食主人给的东西，不吃别人给的东西。训练时，须先选不定期一位家犬不熟悉的人，由此人拿辣椒或非常苦的食物喂狗，狗吃后就会感到辛辣难受，今后凡陌生人喂食便会拒食，此项训练，须隔二、三天进行数次才能生效。 二章 颠覆传统的狗狗调教法 话 先说在前头，如果您是一位捍卫“ 狗 ”权的斗士，觉得养就是宠物，要拿来疼的，因此无论它是乱吵闹，乱咬东西，乱大小便，您都能忍受，那么内文叙述您可能会觉得有虐待动物之嫌，或是您正准备 养一只小狗，却又忧心没办法好 好调教，那么你就要牢记每一个“小撇步 ”。这些都是由日本训练师的经验累积，确实又有效果，而且都没有提到要用鞭子打骂，所以大家尽可以放心。 很多人都以“ 人”的观点来调教自己的宠物，虽然狗走入人类家居生活有一段历史了，但不要期待狗来了解你的用心良苦。台湾有句话叫做“ 宠猪举灶，宠子不孝 ”千万不要忘记，无论在怎样可爱的小狗，它的本质仍是一头伪装过的“ 狼 ”。狼是群居的生物，维持一个族群有秩序的运作不混乱的方法，就是建立尊卑长幼的阶级，下位者必须对上位者绝对服从。也就是说，在狗的心中，家里的每 一个成员定位是固定的。常常有些妈妈会抱怨:“ 每天都是我喂它饭，带它散步，都是我一个人在照顾，我老公虽然几乎不曾照顾它，但它却只听我老公的话，为什么会这样呢,”就饲主的观点来看，当自己在照顾 狗时，就里所当然的以为狗会视自己为主人，顺从的听取自己的命令。但事实上狗狗心中真正的想法是:“ 这家伙喂我吃饭，带我散步，为我洗澡梳毛，只要我有要求她就能满足我，所以我才是老大，她是为我服务的人，是比我地位更低的从属者。”你觉得事实是不是这 样呢, A.、散步篇 养狗时，要每天带狗外出散步，似乎已经成为“ 养狗之道 ”。因此，当想要养狗时，饲主要必须每天早晚在固定的时间带狗外出散步。但是，不知道大家是否了解，每天固定在同样的时间带狗外出散步，反而会让狗变得任性刁钻。 狗对时间十分敏感，如果每天早晨六点，傍晚五点带狗外出散步，只要持续一星期，它就会记住这时间。以后每当接近 “ 散步时间 ”，狗狗已经做好出门的准备，如果饲主刚好在忙，它会理所当然的催促饲主，焦躁不安，甚至持续吠叫。在现在公寓住宅的环境，当狗乱叫时，为了怕邻居抗议， 饲主就会按照狗的要求，立刻带它外出散步。长期下来，这种 “ 受到狗的逼迫，不得不外出 ”的行为，就会危及饲主的领导地位。因此在调教的重点在于散步的时间不能太有规律，无论几点去散步，都必须配合主人的方便，有时候，甚至可以 “ 今天不出门散步 ”。只要不决定一个固定的散步时间，狗就不会焦躁不安，也不会在特定的时间吠叫。“今天的天气很暖和，我也有空，一个人去散步怪无聊的，我就带你一起去散 步吧～”从小时候就用正确的态度调教狗狗，相信带狗外出散步就不再是每天烦恼的例行公事了。 此外，有许多饲主将散步和便便视为 “ 配套作业 ”。一旦养成了习惯，就真的变成不外出散步，就无法排便，、尿，为了避免爱犬憋尿影响身体健康，因此一年三百六十五天，不论刮风下雨，都必须带着报纸，塑 料袋，被爱犬牵着鼻子走。但是，一定要在户外大小便并不是狗的习性，而是饲主的“ 调教 ”，才造就了在外四处撒尿，随地大小便的狗。因此，从小就必须将散步和排泄分开，可以选定家中庭院或某个定点当成狗狗的厕所，让狗学习只要带它到那里，就 要让它排便、排屎，以后不管刮风下雨或台风来袭，都不必为了爱犬的生理问题发愁了。 近年来流行像拉不拉多，黄金猎犬等大型犬，因此以下的情景一定常常见到:“ 壮硕的狗拼命往前冲，牵着狗链的饲主被拉着不停的在后面追 ”。这种情况代表着力量逆转。狗会擅自去自己想去的地方，饲主在狗的带领下，只能追着狗跑，根本无法控制狗的行动，就容易发生问题。例如，看到其它狗就怒 目相血或吼叫，甚至冲出打架，造成咬伤 ( 不管打赢打输 )，或是主人被拉扯跌倒。之前说过狗是群体的动物，群体活动有助于狩猎维生。和主人一起散步也是一种集体活动，即使不是狩猎，狗也会感到兴奋，尤其当散步 路线固定时，会使狗产生强烈的领域意识“ 这是我的地盘 ”，当看到他人入侵时，就自然地采取攻击的态度。惟有主人处在领导地位时，才不会让局面失控。所以平常饲主必须掌握指挥权，将狗带到主人想要去的地方，不 要让狗走在主人前面，变成狗在遛人，而不是人遛狗。训犬师常利用 “ 带领训练 ”的方法，这方法关键在绝对不能和狗的视线交接，必须完全对它不加理睬，也不能对狗说话，不要紧拉狗錬，让狗錬保持一定的松，当狗走在前面时，立刻改变方 向，向相反方向前进。当人在改变方向瞬间狗錬会拉紧，狗的脖子会感到不舒服，但是因为彼此视线没有交接，它并不知道主人在 “搞鬼 ”，于是就会听从人的方向来前进。当它再次走到主人前面时，要再度改变方向，要按人的喜好走。由不同的人持续进行这项训练，效果会更加理想。 散步时，狗一下子在这棵树上尿一下，又到那根电线杆去尿一下( 尤其是公狗，似乎尿不完 )，这种作记号的行为，大家一定都不会陌生。对狗而言，这种行为代表向众“ 狗 ”宣告，这是它的领域。这种昭告天下，宣示地盘的行为就好象人在发名片一样。这是狗的“权势本能 ”所导致的行为。如果主人认为“ 做记号 ”是狗的天性，没有加以制止，放任爱犬为所欲为，会导至它的权势本能不断膨胀。而狗的权势本能和它的服从本能是成反比的。权势本能的增长，会导致服从本能 的萎缩。“ 服从 ”并不是一味的压抑狗、虐待狗。其实，当狗在服从主人时，会感到到心情舒畅，可以在没有压力的情况下，安心的渡过每一天。当然主人首先必须以深深的爱对待 狗狗，爱犬才会对主人产生服从。当狗的权势增长时，神经会随时处于紧张状态，导致压力产生。而且由于不听话，一定会对主人造成很大的困扰。为了有益于爱犬 的调教，在散步的过程中，主人一定要掌握主控权，不要再让爱犬在散步时四处做记号，也可以保持环境卫生整洁。 如果不幸地，你的爱犬每天定时会吵着你，或是装可爱，咬着链子向你摇尾乞怜时，请坚定地加以拒绝，不要加以理睬，这样找回你权威，改变你和爱犬之间的从属关系。 B、 吃饭规矩篇 我想，从小的健康教育根深蒂固的地灌输我们一个观念:“ 定时定量的饮食可以保持身体健康。”同样的道理拿到爱犬身上来应该一样适用，大部份主人都会在固定的时间喂狗吃食。而且通常都安排在主人家人用餐前。一方 面是不忍心爱犬饿肚子，另一方面，也可以避免它在一旁吵，家人就可以好好享受一餐美食，但是这却可能是让狗变得 “ 自以为是 ”的原因。 野生的狼 ( 狗 ) 群会集体觅食，当捕捉到猎物时，它们会有以下的行动。首先，老大尽情的享受猎物，而其它的狗只能在旁乖乖耐心等待，绝对不可能发生围在猎物旁一起享用的情 况。只有当获得老大的允许后，才会照顺序靠近猎物。这就是狗的猎食方式。因此，你的爱犬也会本能的认，可以最先吃饭代表周围的人认同 “ 我是老大，所以我最先吃饭 ”长久下来，狗就会变得任性，不听从主人的话。因此，请纠正一下这种不良习惯，一开始，狗可能会吼叫或是紧跟在主人身后，但都必须硬下心来，绝对不能让 步。狗的顺应性很强，只要一星期，就会知道 “ 要在全家吃完饭后，才轮到我吃饭。”如此，才能使爱犬变得顺从和乖巧。 主人一定会发现，大部份的狗吃饭时，一定会一口气把食物一扫而空，几乎没有吞咽，就像吸尘器一样。因此，常常就会把喂食量增加，也因此有许多狗狗的身材就 像吹气球一样变形了。其实这是狗的饮食天性，有句话叫做 “ 狼吞虎咽 ”指的更是传神，野生的狗群今天猎捕到食物，下一餐不知道有没有着落，所以都是用抢的，用吞的。看看狗狗的牙齿也可以知道，狗的臼齿一样十分坚锐，没有磨 合面，不可能像牛马一样细嚼慢咽。尖锐的牙帮助它们撕裂食物吞下。该喂多少量才是正常呢,如果你喂食的是干狗粮，那么包装上一定会清楚地标示喂食的建议 量，另一个方法是直接看狗的外形，保持有腰身，背部脊椎骨脊突不会太过明显，呼吸时仍然可以看见肋骨，这样就是优美的体形。不要每次别人看到你的狗狗都把 他误认为是迷你猪，相信这样反而更没面子～ 喂狗吃什么的食物比较好呢,以前农业时代，相信大多数的狗主要食粮都是每家每户的 “ 厨余 ”，剩什么吃什么，甚至有的吃都得偷笑了，现代人家庭生活都是早出晚归，平常都很少开伙，这时“ 狗食 ”很好的选择，尤其干的狗粮又比湿性的罐头好，牙齿比较不会有残渣，不易生牙垢和牙结石。很多主人都怕光吃干粮营养不够，其实干饲料成分都经过精密的 计算，其中各类成份蛋白质，矿物质 ( 钙质 )，碳水化合物，脂肪，维生素等都搭配得十分均衡。同时还依据不同生长时期的营养需求区分为幼犬用成犬用老犬用，甚至各种适合皮肤病肠胃炎等功能性处方饲 料。只要选用合适的狗食，就不会因为食物导致健康出问题。至于那一个牌子比较好,这就必须靠主人自己比较，价格不是唯一考量因素，而是要看看更换饲料后 “ 排便量是不是变多了，变臭了,”如果是，就表示这个品牌内容品质不佳，杂质多不易吸收，才会造成排便量增加，不易凝固，有酸臭味，甚至连毛发都变得粗糙没 有光泽，消瘦。更换品牌时，不要一下子全部换过，建议以一个星期的时间，慢慢的酌量增加更，可以避免肠胃道不适应产生肠胃炎。 最后一个有关饮食的困扰，是一天到底喂几餐才比较好呢,一直以来，身为兽医师，我都建议饲主定时定量这个观念，六个月以前的狗狗历经类似人类婴幼儿和青春 期这两个阶段，出生时因肠胃消化功能未健全，四个月起因快速生长，营养热量需求高，因此建议一天三至四餐，部份训练师的观点和我们是一致的。至于成犬以后 由于生理学上所谓 “ 生理时钟 ”的观念，我们认为如果吃饭时间到了没有进食，胃酸依然会分泌，长久下来会引发像胃溃疡等肠胃疾病，因此建议每天二餐，而且要定时定量。而训犬师则认为一 天一餐就够了，他们认为狗和人类的身体本来就有着根本性的差异。野生的狗即使三天一次或是一个星期才好好吃上一餐，也仍然保持着旺盛的精力，因此宠物狗只 要每天喂以一天的必需量，就完全不会让它 “ 挨饿 ”。训犬师更出一些蛮有趣也有点道理的观点，介绍一天一餐好处，使那些 “ 对爱犬充满感情 ”的主人能接受。 第一点，如果一天供应二餐，狗会变得霸道、任性。即使早上不吃，反正晚上还可以吃，但当一天只供应一餐时，如果狗不吃，当天就没有其它东西可吃，于是，就可以养成它好好吃饭的习惯。当拿出狗食时，如果它狼吞虎咽的一下就吃完，喂食的工作也变得轻松简单。 第二点，是排便的问题。只要吃饭，就会排便，如果喂狗吃二餐，就要进行二次排便管理。也就是说一天只吃一餐时，排便管理也更省事，你觉得有没有道理呢, 另外，就和不同固定时间散步的原理一样，训犬师也建议狗主，应该有识的打乱吃饭时间，将有助于狗主的领导力，这样狗就能了解，当主人拿出饲料来，就是吃饭 时间，就不会在固定的时间吵闹，就算偶尔那天没得吃，狗也能忍耐。如果常常外出旅行，狗也不会因为误餐而吵闹，破坏了大家游玩的兴致。 犬师也教导大家一种“ 一口餐饮法 ” ，用来训练狗狗服从性，要诀是使用空的餐具，放入一口的狗食。为狗带上狗链，当它想要去吃狗食时，默默的拉紧狗链，当它可以保持等待的状态时，对它说 “ 等一下 ”，数秒钟后再说 “ 好 ”，同时放松狗錬，让它可以吃饭，持续重复以上过程，喂足一餐的份量，如此，可以让狗体会到，是人在喂他吃饭，它必须顺从衣食父母。 C、 大小便的训练 如厕训练也是狗主重要的课题之一。尤其在室内饲养时，如果没有确实做好如厕的训练，狗就会地排便排尿，让人大伤脑筋。有的人以为，让狗的厕所有尿的臭味， 狗就会在那里如厕，世面上也有卖氨水臭味的 “ 引便液 ”。但是事实上，这种使用沾有尿臭味的报纸或厕纸让狗记住厕所的位置方法，几乎都会惨遭失败，因为狗不喜欢在沾有自己尿臭的地方尿尿。即使报纸和厕纸的表 面已经干了，只留下微乎其微的臭味，狗也会凭着自己锐的嗅觉，闻到这种异味认为 “ 这里已经脏了 ”，就会到其它处所排泄。那么到底该如何进行如厕训练呢,秘诀在于狗的习性。 野生的狗，在巢穴生产后，刚出生的小狗无法自行排尿，排便，母狗就会用舌头刺激小狗的鼠蹊部，促进小狗的排泄。同时，母狗会将小狗的粪尿舔干净，以免弄脏 巢穴。如果留下尿尿和便便的味道，会成为天敌的记号。因此，当小狗学会自行排尿，排便时，就会在远离巢穴的地方排泄，这是狗的基本习性。 由这种习性可以了解到，厕所应该尽可能离狗的巢穴。“ 但家里养狗，哪有什么巢穴,”有人一定会有这种疑问，现在许多人不管是养在阳台，庭院或是家里面，都是它在空间内自由活动，很少有人为狗做一个象样的狗 屋，让狗可以在里面安心的休息。看过国外电影或卡通的人一定对狗屋不陌生。狗屋就是在家里代替巢穴的地方。狗屋的设置与否，和小狗的如厕训练有很大的关 系。为狗安排狗屋，然后厕所设置在距离狗屋稍远的地方，当狗一离开狗屋时，就要先带它去厕所，让它如厕。一间始，即使对狗说 “ 喂～赶快尿尿～”它也可能尿不出来。所以可以用铁丝将厕所围起，把起放在里面，在狗完成排泄之前，就一直将它关在铁丝网中，完成排泄后，才放它出来。平常 可以让它在室内自由活动，但在主人外出或晚上睡觉时，仍然要将它关进狗屋内。只要一离开狗屋，就要带它去厕所排泄。在不断的练习后，狗就会产生条件反射， 只要一带它去厕所，就会立刻排尿排便。当可以做到这一点时，就不需要铁丝网了。之前提到过，使用带有狗的尿臭的东西没有任何意义，因此，在狗排泄后要立刻 换上干净的报纸和垫子，这才是正确的如厕教育。相信大家已经有所了解，要点在于要将狗屋和厕所分开，在狗离开狗屋时，要立刻带它去厕所，使它对这一系列的 行动产生制约，训犬师认为，如厕教育失败时，百分之一百的原因是在于让狗在室内自由自在的活动。让狗在房子里面 “ 居无定所 ”，其实是让它们缺乏自己的私人空间。或许有人认为让爱犬在房间内自由自在的活动，就可以减少压力的产生，其实却相反，由于缺乏可以安心休息的场所，会使 狗产生极大的精神压力。对狗而言，房间整体都是它的地盘，所以它必须持续警戒和防卫的本能，否则领域就会受到侵犯。因此，一旦有陌生人来到家中，狗就不停 地狂叫，甚至攻击。如果从小就给它一个可以安心的窝，那么即使门铃响了，甚至打雷，狗都可以置之不理。 有些人认为，当狗狗随地大小时，一定要立刻给予责罚，要压住它的头去闻臭味，教训它，让它知道不可以随地大小便。但事实上，这是天大的错误，虽然狗遭到处 罚，但是它不可能明白人类的道理，不可能反省自己不能随地大小便。狗会认为 “ 如果尿尿的话，一定会被打骂，所以必须一直忍耐着。”因此，逼迫狗去闻自己的尿尿，可能会有暂时性的效果，但其实只是因为狗觉得 “ 太可怕了 ”而忍耐着而已，一段时间以后，又会再次随地大小便。正确的方法是，立刻将狗带到其它房间，主人默默地将尿液清洁干净，去除臭味。大部份无法学会正确大小 的原因都是因为让狗在房间内自由活动，没有固定的狗屋所致。确实地找到原因，才是根本的解决之道。 D 、教育训练要从小做起 对狗狗而言，出生后 1,3 个月期间，是十分重要的社会化驯化时期，狗的性情大多决定在这个时期。这个年纪对周围的环境有着浓厚的兴趣，适应性也最强，容易和人类建立良好的关系，并 培养出温驯的性格，但这时候小狗大多都还没有接受完整的疫苗基础注射，因此兽医师多半都会建议尽量避免外出和其它狗或人类接触，防止受到传染病感。但就调 教的立场看来，在这段社会化驯化期中，如果整天关在家里，会对个性带来负面的影响。外出时，并不一定需要装上狗錬，让狗自行走路，无论抱在怀里或是放入狗 篮中都无妨，带它外出让陌生人抱抱小狗，或抚摸小狗，可以帮助它适应人类社会，长大后才不会一出门就紧张得发抖，看到陌生人或其它狗就会露出警戒心。 抚摸是建立良好关系的根本，是人和狗沟通的开始，很多不喜欢清耳朵或剪指甲，或是被人触碰到尾巴等部位，是因为从小没有养成被抚摸过习惯，而出于保护自我 脆弱部位的本能。许多人都曾经抚摸过狗的头部和背部，但这并不是正确的抚摸方式。正确的方法是所谓 “ 露出鼠蹊部 ”，把小狗压倒在地，四脚朝天，用力制压住它的喉咙，并告诉它 “ 趴下 ”，再慢慢摸它的耳朵、尾巴、脚尖、嘴等部位。这行为是模仿母狗教育小狗的方式。当母狗想要制御小狗的行为时，就会让小狗四脚朝天，再按住小狗的喉咙，虽 然小狗无法分办好坏，却可以藉由母犬的 “ 制御 ”行为，判断善恶。这种 “ 露出鼠蹊部 ”抚摸法，是调教的基本。如果狗会凶，不让人抚摸，还可以利用狗食帮忙训练，一面喂以狗食，一面触摸它的身体，这样狗就能了解到，只要有人摸自己的身体， 就可以吃到狗食，当身体被触摸时，会有好事发生，就会开放禁止触摸的区域。 如果狗已经有不好的习惯，例如门铃响时，不停的吠叫，散步进行中，随便乱捡东西吃;看到其它狗，拼命的吠叫……是不是用打骂的方法来纠正它,相信大多数的 人认为，狗听不懂人话，惟有体罚让它“ 痛定思痛 ”，才能达到教训的目的。事实上，这是错误的想法，打骂只会令狗产生 “ 敌对 ”和 “ 恐惧 ”，而且，它只会记住被打的事实 ( 记忆力好的狗更可能记恨一辈子～～)，而不会记得被打的原因。而且，当你在斥责它时，你激昂的语气听起来反而像是在声援它，它只会叫的更起劲，而你只会把 自己搞的筋疲力尽。正确的方式是不加理睬和不付出爱， “ 不说话 ” “ 视线 不接触 ”，创造一个令狗 “ 痛苦 ”的环境，才能让主人重新掌握领导力，使狗狗服从，建立正确的主从关系。 如果还是无奏效，那么就得使出 “ 上天的惩罚法 ”。这个方法的关键在于 “ 视线 ”，如果看着狗狗正面教训它，就代表 “ 对决 ”的意思，会激起它的反抗之心。但是如果不正眼看它，利用拉扯狗錬，用卷起的报纸或装了少许的水的水瓶扔它，使它不舒服来制约它的行为，但是因为你没有正 眼看着它，所以它没有敌对的对像，它会觉得被狗錬拉扯等不舒服是来自上天的惩罚，就不会对人类不信任。之前提到的 “ 带领散步 ”的方法，也是利用同样的原理。为了使狗和人类建立良好的关系，这种方法十分重要，千万牢记，绝对不能看它一眼。 除了掌握领导力以外，在训练过程中，称赞也十分重要。当狗做的很好时，就要直接了当的称赞你做的很棒～服从本能强的狗就会认为主人称赞我了，下次要做什 么，才能让主人称赞,我要更加努力。棍子和肉肠必须恩威并施，才能有相辅相成的效果。训练狗完成服从行动时，立刻说声好棒，并摸摸它的头和喉部，在狗心中 会有幸福的感觉，对进一步的训练有帮助。 这些都是训犬师依据狗的天性，而设计出的训练小技巧。希望爱狗的你，能让你的狗更听话，真情的付出绝对是成功的关键，但是如果因不了解过度溺爱，因而使小 狗骄纵不听话，即使再有爱心的饲主，有一天也会受不了。如果每个人能从幼犬时期把狗调教好，应该会减少一些流浪狗的问题。 第三章 参赛狗的训练 如 果你想要你的狗成为一条成功的参赛犬，除身体结构和步态以外,训练，平衡饮食,喂好营养的狗粮, 狗本身要喜欢炫耀自己，和有一个很好的牵引师, 这些全部都是非常重要的。训练小狗还要需要一个很重要的元素，就是我们要有耐心。对小狗我们不能过于着急，把训练当成游戏。太严格和反面的训练，只会弄巧 成拙～ 在小狗约6-7星期大，我们开始训练小狗站在桌子上。我们用食物训练他们站直和专注于我。每次训练不用太久，刚刚开始训练的时候每次5,8分钟就够了。不 要让小狗生厌烦。用食物放在他的嘴前，引他向前倾。然后把小狗的四肢摆好，然后用指令"Stand stay" 或 "Stay"。维持了3,5秒左右就给他食物作奖励。慢慢把站的时间延长。如果他不停的向前走动(因为想得到你手上的食物)，你就该把他的前抓放到桌子边 缘。他知道往前走就会掉下来，他应该就会站定不动了。到八星期大时, 他们应该学会站在桌子上不动, 我们将给小狗拍照片以帮助评价他们是否有潜质成为一条参赛犬。但只看照片并不能看出他们是参赛犬与否，我们还必须 用我手感觉和用工具量度小狗的骨架结构,且观察他们的步态和性格。先天的质素和后天的培训是同样重要的。 只是一些大型犬除了最初时或照相时把他们摆在桌上训练，其它时间你能教他们站在地上不动。因为比赛中大型犬不是在桌上进行的。 在小狗约3-4个月大左右, 我们开始用拖带训练小狗行走。用食物或玩具引他们跟随我们。我喜欢用 " Let's Go!" 这个指令。如果他们不想跟行，就放开拖带让他们周围探索, 让他们逐渐习惯脖子上有拖带, 然后再用食物和 " Let's Go!" 指令教他随着你走。同时在他们的疫苗以后, 带小狗外出接触不同的陌生人和狗是非常重要的。因为在比赛时，他们需要被评判检查，因此他们必须习惯被陌生人触摸。胆小怕陌生人的狗，在赛场上一定会吃 亏～如果情况许可的话，带小狗到外面见到陌生人的时候，把小狗摆成show pose,然后才叫你的朋友或者是街上的陌生人摸摸小狗的身体，看看狗的牙齿咬合。 (注意:这个陌生人摸狗的时候一定要温柔一点，不要把小狗吓怕了)陌生人摸你的狗的时候，你要不停的轻声地对小狗作出称赞，让他知道需然是被陌生人触摸 着，但你还是在他身边的。摸完了以后，勿忘给他食物来奖励。"Good boy, Good girl“等的称赞是很重要的。你要给小狗很多鼓励和称赞，加强他的自信心。每做对任何事情也要奖励，无论是大是小的事情。Positive re,enforcement(正面教法)是很重要的。意思是做对了，就称赞。做错了，不作责备。 到六个月大, 小狗应该会为他们的第一个比赛作好准备, 能正式参加狗展。 在美国, 参赛犬必须是至少6 个月大。如果你想赢，你必须有一只好狗和一个很好的Handler, 缺一不可!! 但是!!!! 我以前已说过, "A good handler can make a bad dog looks good, but a bad handler can make a good dog looks bad." 如果你是一个好的Handler，你知道你狗的所有缺点， 你能隐藏他的缺点且同时炫耀他的优点。你知道什么是你狗跑的正确速度。用食物训练他们注视你, 使用指令" Watch me" or "cookie", 训练他们用他们的耳朵。在狗展里, 在评判面前展示你狗的是很重要的。教你的狗 Free Baitng，意思是你不需要摆它, 它自己完美的站立。教那, 你需要教你的狗"Stand Stay", 然后使用拖带来领他设置他的脚到适当的位置。我使用指令, "Step" or "Step up" or "Fix it", 一旦他的脚是在适当的位置, 给他一些食物和称赞。当你的狗做对了的时候，称赞是黑超重要的。你要让你的狗把训练当作游戏。每当你拿起牵引带训练或比赛的时候，狗应该是高高兴兴的，尾 巴上杨的。沉闷的训练不会让你的狗在赛场上得到好的结果。 Make it fun! 另一个重要事情，狗展上, handler男的须穿西装,女的穿裙子。不要穿牛仔裤或T-Shirt。你需要打扮来显示你对评判的尊敬。 选择使用适合你狗种类的正确比赛牵引带。学习怎样美容你的参赛犬。 适当的美容能把狗的缺点隐藏起来。(我说的当然是长毛的品种) "观察!观察!观察!" 观察其它专业Handler他们怎么牵狗的。我从观察学会了很多牵狗的技巧。 训练你狗在赛环里对你的集中力。尝试在赛环里的每一刻都在炫耀你狗的最好一面。"Free Baiting" 总给评判很好的印象。还有一点很重要的，每一位Handler, 永远保持狗在你和裁判之间～你所展示的狗不要被你自己的身体、其他 人或狗的身体挡住裁判的视线。你希望评判在赛环里的每一刻和每个角落都能看到你的狗。 当裁判来检查你的狗的时候，向裁判问好，说一声"Good Morning" 或”Good Afternoon".裁判检查完你狗的时候，说一声"Thank you". 代表你的裁判的尊敬。无论你的狗是赢了第一名，还是输了，也该向裁判说声谢谢。比赛场上就是有输，也有赢的。不用把赛果看得太重。志在参与和吸收经验，要 enjoy在狗展里的整个过程。 第四章 幼犬的成长过程及其训练方法 德国牧羊犬的表现力是在学习过程中逐渐形成的。 即使年老的犬仍然有能力学习。像人类一样，犬在不同的情况下和不同的学习阶段都会有不同的行为举止。学习的过程就是让犬掌握在特定的环境条件下作出特定的 行为。行为方式也可能会通过生物化学过程，即神经系统作用和正常运动被打断。另外其他不断变化的动机也可使行为方式发生改变。比如发情的母犬在跑动中会追 逐幼犬，非常难以控制。 在幼犬时期，犬即可以接受许多外界信息，并进行自我分析。犬生命中的不同时期都需要加以注意。这一发展过程亦被称作个体发育。 犬出生后的第1周到第2周为“植物性生长期”。幼犬的嗅觉还未形成，视觉为零。因此它们只在固定的圈子内匍匐爬行，不会离窝太远。 在第2周结束时，狗宝宝睁开眼睛，进入了第3周，即“过渡期”。虽然眼睛已经睁开，但是幼犬还是看不到东西。直至第17天到18天，幼犬才有视觉。在这个 过渡期内，幼犬开始有交际活动，互相舔拭。第21天，幼犬离开狗窝。在一个德国牧羊犬犬舍里人们可以看到，所有犬群成员都会照顾幼犬。当幼犬离开窝时，成 年公犬会非常粗暴地冲撞幼犬。通过这种方式幼犬就会认识到，窝外的世界是冷酷的，甚至充满危险。只要幼犬返回窝中，这种粗暴的游戏就会停止。这是狗群生活 中对幼儿的一种重要的教育方法。 在第4周到第7周幼犬进入了“影响期”。这一时期对于犬后来的行为举止都是至关重要的。犬的所有感觉都在这一时期完全形成，可以区分同类和人类(外界情 况)。与同类和人类(特别是儿童)的接触在这一阶段非常重要，这样可以影响犬未来的社交行为。否则它会对人类产生恐惧心理或作出攻击行为。 第8周和第12周之间是“社会化”阶段，幼犬应被教育成为人犬关系中的一个社会化成员。这需要持续不断的训练，人们不能因为幼犬的可爱而允许它胡作非为，应该像要求成年犬那样要求它。如果幼犬不听话，可以采取例如中止游戏和孤立幼犬的方式作为惩罚。 对于12个星期大的幼犬来说，当然不可能完成任何训练科目，不应该给幼犬提出过高的要求。玩耍是幼犬最好的学习途径。以野狗和狼为例，在幼年时期的玩耍中 就已经确定了清晰的等级制度，以避免日后在争斗中受伤。我们的家犬也同样会在“等级确定期”(第13周到第16周)内考验主人的权威性。在这一时期内，幼 犬将在家族(犬群)中确立固定的位置。 犬在第5个月和第6个月时进入“犬群秩序期”，人们可以开始对犬进行教育和简单的训练。在这一时期内，必须为犬花费更多的时间，与犬玩耍和出游。通过这种方式，幼犬的学习能力可以受到积极影响，脑结构发育迅速，脑皮层也相应增加，幼犬的学习积极性得到促进。 第7个月时，犬进入“性成熟期”。公犬第一次在小便时抬起后腿，母犬突然开始攻击幼犬并进入第一个发情期。在这一阶段，犬可能会非常不听话，甚至试图打破 已有的等级秩序。犬主必须保持对犬的权威性，在任何时候都不能掉以轻心，否则会被犬视为弱点，将来引发问题。它可能会反客为主，它要是在你家做上了老大 ~~那就呜呼了～呵呵~ 可以看出，有许多事情可以激发犬学习的积极性，如果缺少了这些吸引力，犬将不愿受训和听从命令。 幼犬的教养问题 当小狗成为了你家庭的成员，它就需要遵守与你共同生活的规则。 一、上厕所的训练 要知道狗只睡醒便会排尿，吃饱后就会排泄，这是它们的生理习惯。如不想它们将你的住所弄得一团槽，就一定要训练它们自己上厕所去，这是非做不可的事。只要细心和耐心的教导他们，并不难得到理想的效果。 1、 与时间竞赛 如发现小狗在屋内四处闻时，那就代表它们急于嗅出排泄过的地方，这时候，就要引领它上厕所去，当然首先要预备好一个狗只专用的厕所;不过，即使带它到特定 的地方，它也会因不习惯而不会立即排便。这样的话就一定要有耐性，因为它既已作出了预备动作，它就一定会于短时间内完成。这是最初步的教养，要决就是要看 准时机，仔细观察，要不然就会徒劳无功。 2、 适当的现场责骂 在排便的管教未完全之前，往往会出现很多次的失败经验。若它随地大小便，你就要立刻加以责骂，还有可强迫它们嗅一嗅它的杰作，以示警戒。记着责骂过程必须 在现场进行，否则骂了不但无益处，且会伤感情。一番的教训后，就要静心告诉它正确方法，严格而亲切地重新加以教导。虽然它未必听得懂，但反覆做了几次之 后，它也会有一点点的领悟。所以，失败其实是个很好的反面教材。 3、 不可缺少的奖赏 在管教过程中，赞赏是非常重要的事情，这不但可增加它们的自信心，更可培养其优良的性格。一些简单的赞美，如“很好”、“good”等字眼就最适合不过。如必要时可加上一些小食作奖励，亦可轻抚其身体以示嘉许。 4、 高兴时也会曳尿 有些初哥饲主可能还未知道狗只在高兴时也会出现曳尿的情况，特别是喜欢撒娇的狗。例如当你外出回来，狗儿会很高兴的跑来迎接你，这时切记不要抱起它，因为 它可能会在你身上曳尿。最好先叫它坐下，再哄哄它便行。若狗只已完全学懂了自己上厕所去，这个情况通常都不会发生。 其实教导狗只上厕应由从小做起，当它长大后就只会到一个指定的地方排便。不过，当带狗儿上街散步时，还时准备一个胶袋比较方便，因为即使它已养成到指定的地方排便，但在外出时也会忍不住的。 二、教养的训练 1、 咬 狗咬东西是一种本能，如果见它随处乱咬东西时，要马上责备它说“不可以”，同时你要拿一些可以让它咬的东西给它。 2、 嬉闹 嬉闹亦是狗只的本能，但如果家里有幼儿的话，这种嬉闹的本能可能会造成危险，所以你应试着拖着小孩的手去抚摸狗儿，如果狗儿仍想嬉闹的话，你就要以“不可以”的命令来制止它。 3、 飞扑 狗只飞扑的表现是因为它表示开心的心情，如果要制止它，可以拍打它一下并命令它“坐下来”。此外，你要高于狗眼睛的位置，要安抚它和称赞它。 4、 体罚方式 如果狗儿犯错，就要作出适当的体罚。所谓体罚是指给它适度的疼痛，好像当它乱咬东西时，你可以边说“不可以”边敲它的鼻头或用手指弹它，因为狗儿的鼻子布满神经，用手指轻轻一弹，它便会避开。 5、 与其责罚不如称赞 很多时，当狗儿被骂后会叫会咬，但作为饲主，必须以疾言厉色来告诉它们自己才是这个家的主人，所以根据当时的情况，作出适的体罚是必要的;不过，如果狗只表现服从，你也必须作出适当的赞赏，因为若你赏罚分明的话，狗儿才会明白主人的要求。 不同月龄犬的培训项目 2-3月龄:亲和关系、适应牵引、体质锻炼、环境适应性培养、游戏欲望的培养。 3-4月龄:物品占有欲培养、胆量培养、嗅觉的早期开发、体质锻炼、各专项科目的初 训、 复杂环境锻炼(声光适应，习惯陌生人逗引、乘车训练-) 4-5月龄:抛物衔取培训、隐蔽式抛物衔取、不同使用方向训练、跳跃小障碍物培训、体质锻炼，复杂环 境锻炼 6月龄:幼犬考核(生长发育考核、胆量考核、服从行考核、衔取考核) 6-9月龄:服从科目的基础能力培养、不同使用方向的警用科目训练。 第五章 训练狗狗自己上厕所不 求甚解的主人，遇到狗狗随意上厕所的情形发生时，不但不会去思考狗狗这个行为背后的需求是什么，该怎么解决，反而用自己以为最迅速、最简单的矫正方式来面 对，就是「拿出家法」一棍子打下去，让狗狗因为害怕被打便不会再犯。然而，体罚非但不能让狗狗在你希望的地方解决他的大小便，反而衍生出其它行为上的偏 差。 狗狗的记忆与思考模式十分的简单，他会将他所做的动作，与当下出现的人事物、气味、场景做一个合理的连结。当狗狗随意大小便的动作并非在「现行犯」的当下 被你抓到，他根本不会了解是他很久之前大的便让你如此愤怒。在他眼中看来，你只是一个莫名殴打他的主人。结果，他没学乖，你们的关系也因此而疏离。体罚果 真不是一个好的矫正方式。 其实要教育你家的狗狗定时定点上厕所，方法并不困难，而且配合主人生活习惯与居住环境， 就可以训练出符合自家需要的大小便方式。而最重要的教育观念，就是 你对于狗狗的爱心，还有在训练过程当中的耐心，可以让你的狗狗学习得又快又好。如果你自己做不到最基本的爱心与耐心，又怎能责怪狗狗在家中随意大小便呢, 生活习惯vs.居家环境 大家都在问:「到底该如何让狗狗定时定点上厕所,」其实在问这个问题之前，应该先回头检视一下你自己的生活习惯以及你所居住的环境，再去决定你要让狗狗每 天习惯在什么时候、什么定点释放他的大小便。譬如说，一般上班族上班时间都不会在家，如果担心狗狗趁主人不在就在家中随地大小便，那么就应该让他养成固定 在早上主人上班前及下班后方便。另外，还要评估家中的哪一个定点最适合狗狗上厕所，或许是家中浴室、阳台、院子……甚至在散步的时候一并解决。训练成功之 后，狗狗会自动自发地在同一地点排泄，不是一件很美妙的事情吗, 在训练之前，还要理解狗狗的生理习惯与心理情绪。只要掌握狗狗的身心状态，便可以让训练工作更快完成，而且相当自然，没有压力。之后再根据你的生活习惯与住所环境，去配合以下的室内、外大小便训练，很快地你就会发现狗狗真是个「冰雪聪明」的好伴侣。 生理配合心理，双管齐下 狗狗不会自己生来就会固定在每天早上9点就跑到马桶上解放，所以刚开始请陪着他，帮助他记忆他的如厕时间与地点。帮助他记忆的方法可分成两种，一是发自内心的服从，二是生理上的习惯，接下来让我们来看看，如何从两方面并进，让狗狗大小便功夫，练得又快又好。 --亲爱的爸爸妈妈，请帮我产生便意～ 不管你需不需要上班，都不可能每天陪在他旁边等他自然解放，所以在训练狗狗定时大小便的过程当中，总得想些办法让他在你陪伴他的过程中上厕所，才能够在狗狗大小便的第一时间里给予热烈的鼓励。 刚开始训练的时候，他当然不会因为你讲一句:「快大便～」就真的拉了出来，只能从动物生理反应的管道下手，轻轻松松完成自然的催便术。 由于狗狗在进食过后不久，较容易想要上厕所。因此你只要在每次让狗狗吃完饭之后约10,20分钟左右(时间长短可以观察狗狗的习性后抓出)，带他到同一地 点「待命」，一有解放的意图，你就给予鼓励。久而久之，他就会知道「饭后+某个地点上厕所,主人高兴」，并且受到称赞的一件事情。以后他就会「主动」在饭 后，跑到你经常带他去的定点上厕所。 亲爱的爸爸妈妈，请给我掌声鼓励～ 用打骂的方式或许可以换得狗狗不敢在你面前造次，但可不保证他不会在你转身之后又随地大小便。更何况经常打骂，会让狗狗的性格变得畏畏缩缩，没有自信，这样教育长大的狗一点都不快乐，做为主人的你也光彩不到哪里去。 刚来到你家中的狗狗，或许完全不能领会你的口令或是观察你的脸色，但是他可以分清楚你声音的抑扬顿挫。你可以用比较严厉的语气告诉他在家中大小便(现行犯)是不对的(「不行～」或是「NO～」)，并且在他还没解放之前，将他带到你希望他大小便的地点。 以后他每每在指定地点排泄，你就应该以正面语气鼓励他，说声:「好棒,,喔～Good,, Girl(Boy)～」，或是给他一点口欲上的满足。重复不断的严厉语气制止，加上称赞语气的鼓励，他便会记住哪里可以大小便，哪里不行。 不过别忘了狗狗是用联想式记忆法去学习，所以以上的制止与鼓励都必须在狗狗做出动作的第一时间进行。而且记忆学习是需要花些时间培养，不是一两天就能做到，主人们要有耐心喔～ 室内训练省时省事 不管是新生的狗狗，还是成犬，当他们来到一个新的环境，都需要经过大小便训练。而且这项训练，应该从狗狗居住的室内环境开始。包括帮他安排一个舒适的窝，以及给予他一个固定的如厕地点。 其中幼犬的训练会比较困难，有如新生儿需要包尿布是同样的道理。幼犬因为器官还未发育完成，在玩耍活动的时候，大小便更是控制不住，再加上你与他的沟通默契尚未建立，所以，持续耐心爱心的教导与鼓励，是最好的教育方法。 如果你长时间不在家，而且无法固定带狗狗外出散步，那么你可以选择让他在家中较易清理的地方上厕所。室内的大小便训练，只需要简单的辅助工具——报纸，就可以顺利完成。 散步时顺便大小便 主人每天固定带狗狗出门散步的时间，也是训练狗狗大小便的绝佳时机。因为狗狗在活动的过程当中，也会比较想要上厕所。而且狗狗天生喜欢占地盘的性格，更迫不及待渴望解放。 只 要你能够在每天同一时间固定带他出去散步，他很自然而然就会习惯在外面解决他的大小便问题。狗狗在外随意大小便，虽然方便，但是最重要的收尾工作一定要确 实做到。不管你用什么方法，什么器材都好，别忘记在狗狗解放完毕之后，将「黄金」拾起带走，留给大家一个干净的道路环境。 @家家都有天才狗宝贝 一个大小便问题真的说大不大，说小不小，但是，因为小狗突然造反到处乱尿，导致全家人仰马翻，甚至弃养的情形也时有所闻。很多主人不知道狗狗的大小便问题可以用教学方法解决，一味地用打骂的方式对付，结果打到狗狗疑神疑鬼，甚至个性丕变都还学不会。 别以为别人家的狗是天才，所以大小便都会自己解决。看完本篇的教学报导，是不是突然惊觉，狗狗还真的蛮聪明，只是我们人类太笨了。只要花爱心和耐心训练，家家都有天才狗宝贝喔～ (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.