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防窃电智能电表

2017-09-17 11页 doc 34KB 21阅读

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防窃电智能电表防窃电智能电表 科技文献摘译 Preventing electricity-stolen smart meters With the development, it has been increasingly used in smart instrumentation equipment, so that the instrument performance greatly improved. This paper describes the Fang Qiedian smart meters is to ATMEL A...
防窃电智能电表
防窃电智能电表 科技文献摘译 Preventing electricity-stolen smart meters With the development, it has been increasingly used in smart instrumentation equipment, so that the instrument performance greatly improved. This paper describes the Fang Qiedian smart meters is to ATMEL AT89C51 microcontroller as the core of the design, and 32 power measurement and roving shows, and other functions, but also Fang Qiedian, anti-submarine-moving, high-precision, long-life And low power consumption and other characteristics of the new residential areas and is the preferred Meter Chengwanggaizao. 1.Hardware design l) Signal acquisition and conversion of the electric circuit is more complicated measures, the traditional way is to sample the respective current, voltage, the AID conversion after their multiplication. This approach not only to analog circuit design of high demand, the software programming requirements are also high, but difficult to achieve multiple users on the measure. Therefore, we choose BL0932B as a signal acquisition and conversion circuit core, it is an electronic power meter ASIC. BL0932B design based on the signal acquisition and conversion external circuit board with simple, high precision and stability, and other characteristics, especially for single-phase two-line power users of energy metering. BLO932B within the buffer amplifier, analog multiplier, VIF converters, counting circuit and drive circuit, can accurately measure positive and negative direction of the two active power and computing power in the same direction. The output in two ways: rapid pulse output and slow output for the former computer data processing, the latter used to drive pulse motor work. As the signal acquisition and conversion circuit board as well as the high-voltage 220 v, there Baidoa v order of magnitude of the small-signal, which requires the printed circuit board design and production process to be very scientific and rational. In addition, in order to protect the motherboard, BL0932B rapid pulse of the photoelectric sent to isolation after the SCM. 2) MCU control circuit 科技文献摘译 SCM control circuit, including analog switch arrays, display and keypad circuit, data storage, serial communications interface and watchdog circuit. (l) analog switch array Fang Qiedian smart meters are centralized meter, the MCU to the multi-pulse signals in real-time detection, therefore, use 4 8 election CD405I an analog switch and a 3 1 8 decoder 74 LS138 common Composed of analog switch arrays, achieved a 32-way pulse of the cycle of detection. (2) And show circuit as a key focus on smart meters, need to show the contents of many. Main form of households, electricity, the status of various instructions and error information. To this end, we designed the 10 Qiduan LED display, from 10 strings and static converters 74 Lsl64 drive so you can at least take up the MCU resources. In addition, the signal input terminal also designed the 25 LED indicator, to display the 25 electricity capacity. The meters are "checking" and "cleared" two function keys are directly linked to the P3 in 89 C51 on the mouth. Through a combination of the two keys, can easily achieve the MCU cleared meter, single households cleared, online check, such as locking and unlocking operation. (3) Data storage because of the configuration of the table need to record a large number of important data, in order to ensure data security, we designed the two data memory: parallel data memory and serial data memory. Parallel data memory by 6264, it has SK bytes of storage space, to fully meet the requirements of the table. In order to prevent power-down when the data loss, to the 6264 allocation of the 3.6 v backup battery. Backup battery switch and the 6264 election signals the film, by special worship P MAx691 provide monitoring chip. Serial data memory by 24 LC65, it also has a SK bytes of storage space, and through IZC bus connected with the MCU. Although there is no IZC 89C51 microcontroller bus interface, but through software programming, P1 I can simulate the two lines of its timing, completion of the 24 LC65 read and write operations. 24LC65 is a serial EZPROM, without battery backup, data can be safely stored in 200 years. 科技文献摘译 (4) Serial communication interface 89 C51 has a full-duplex serial interface, used in this meter for meter reading and communication interface. In order to achieve far more concentrated form clusters copied, in the serial interface on the basis of plus RS485 driver chips 75 LBC184. This can be through various meter RS485 bus and data acquisition system for communication links, and concentrate meter reading, remote meter reading. (5) watchdog circuit watchdog circuit used for monitoring chip mix P MAx691, it has a power-on reset, brownout detection, backup battery and watchdog timer input output, and other functions. To determine switch whether the cumulative electricity. This part of the programming is mainly used in order to achieve the operation, with fewer bytes RAM occupation, the code simple and fast, and other advantages. (6) Data validation and multi-site storage of data directly related to electricity users and property management departments of vital interests, is the most important data, we must ensure that its security is absolutely right and, therefore, in the real data storage, all of the electricity Check to ensure the accuracy of the data. Data in 6264 and 2465 have been taken in the multi-site storage, backup each other to ensure that data foolproof. Practice has proved that these measures, the data will no longer be an error or lost, the effect is very obvious. (7) of electricity and stepping roving show that the normal operation procedure, the pulse measurement, shows that various tour operators, and its power, when the last one shows that the electricity consumption, to calculate the unit's total electricity consumption and display, and then To start from scratch cycle show. In order to facilitate the spot meter reading, specially designed step show: that is, each press a button detection, household electricity consumption, and also shows the integral part. 2.Software Design Fang Qiedian smart meters of the major software programming is modular in design, including the pulse counting, data retention, electricity, cleared and restored, checking pulse output, the Shanghai trip interruption and anti-jamming software design and other content. 科技文献摘译 l) pulse count module :Counting pulse of electricity by 4051 analog switch array input to the MCU PO.0, SCM recorded two consecutive sampling results, and by comparing the judgement, self-inspection system initialization pulse measurement cycle scan revealed that a key Power backup data. 2) The entire machine cleared, single households cleared and data recovery:Meter in the calibration, maintenance process, sometimes need toThe entire machine consumption data or a specific household consumption data clearing operation. Although the meter with only two keys, but through different combinations (different times, different order of the number and different) can achieve multiple functions. Each operation also correspond to different tips, application is very convenient. As a result of two large-capacity data storage, cleared in the operation, we first copy the data, the data cleared to resume possible, but also further enhance the security of the data. 3) measurement, the synchronous design school seizure :In order to ensure the accuracy of meters, products in the factory before to go through rigorous testing and validation in the maintenance process, often need to check. Therefore, the meter check with specialized interfaces, but also through sophisticated programming, to check the pulse of electricity output and the pulse measurement fully synchronized. In other words, the meter calibration does not affect the measurement meters, the school forms on the spot, is a very important point. 4) Serial interrupted service program :Meter, meter reading and data acquisition system are used between the serial communication means. Collector and the meter is one-to-many communication mode of communication, the need for SCM Shanghai trip I work in three ways, through the first nine data programming, to distinguish address code, code or command data. SCM people into the serial interruption, through the identification of different order code, can be a variety of operations, such as:整机cleared, cleared single households, data recovery, table of the changes, the user programming (for families, Set, meter settings, etc.),data transmission, the meter, such as locking and unlocking. 科技文献摘译 5) Other design features and anti-jamming:-- Days sales outstanding in order to ensure the smooth place to prevent the malicious individual customers in arrears, the meters are locked, the lock function, or through the keys for meter reading, you can display on the meter locking software, software solutions Lock, Deadlock, and other operating software. Also on display is also hiding in the number of invalid, and read data in order to reduce power consumption meters. Meter of a major anti-jamming design of the software trap people into space operations, and watchdog timer,and other measures. 科技文献摘译 防窃电智能电表 随着发展,它已被越来越多地用于仪器仪表中构成智能仪器,从而使仪器仪表的性能得到极大改善。本文介绍的防窃电智能电表就是以ATMEL的AT89C51单片机为核心的,实现32户电能的计量和巡回显示等多种功能,而且具有防窃电、防潜动、高精度、长寿命和低功耗等特点,是新建住宅区和城网改造的首选电能表。 1.硬件设计 l)信号采集和转换电路电能的计量比较复杂,传统的方法是分别采样电流、电压信号,经AID转换后再进行乘法运算。这种方法不仅对模拟电路的设计很高,对软件编程的要求也很高,而且难以实现多个用户的集中计量。因此,我们选用BL0932B作为信号采集和转换电路的核心,它是一种电子电度表专用芯片。基于BL0932B设计的信号采集和转换线路板具有外围电路简单、精度高和稳定性好等特点,特别适用于单相两线电力用户的电能计量。BLO932B内部有缓冲放大器、模拟乘法器、VIF转换器、计数电路和驱动电路,可以精确测量正、负两个方向的有功功率,并以同一方向计算电能。其输出方式有两种:快速脉冲输出和慢速输出;前者用于计算机数据处理,后者用于驱动脉冲电动机工作。由于在信号采集和转换线路板上,既有220v的高电压,又有拜v数量级的小信号,这就要求印刷线路板的设计和生产工艺要非常科学合理。另外,为了保护主机板,BL0932B的快速脉冲经光电隔离后再送往单片机。 2)单片机主控电路 单片机主控电路包括模拟开关阵列、显示及按键电路、数据存储器、串行通信接口和看门狗电路等。 (l)模拟开关阵列防窃电智能电表属于集中式电表,单片机要对多路脉冲信号进行实时检测,因此,采用四片八选一模拟开关CD405I和一片3一8译码器74LS138共同组成模拟开关阵列,实现了32路脉冲信号的循环检测。 (2)显示及按键电路作为一种集中式智能电表,需要显示的内容非常多。主要有表号、户号、电量、状态指示和各种出错信息等。为此,我们设计了十位七段LED显示屏,由10片串并转换器74Lsl64静态驱动,这样可以占用最少的单片机资源。另外,在信号输人端还设计了25个LED指示灯,用来显示25户用电负荷量。 该电表设有“校验”和“清零”两个功能键,都是直接挂在89C51的P3口上。通过两个按键的组合,可以方便地实现电表的整机清零、单户清零、在线校验、加锁和解锁等操作。 科技文献摘译 (3)数据存储器的配置由于该表需要大量的重要数据,为了保证数据的安全,我们设计了两种数据存储器:并行数据存储器和串行数据存储器。并行数据存储器采用6264,它具有SK字节的存储空间,完全满足该表的要求。为了防止掉电时数据丢失,给6264配置了3.6v备用电池。备用电池的切换和6264的片选信号,都由专用拜P监控芯片MAx691提供。串行数据存储器采用24LC65,它也具有SK字节的存储空间,且通过IZC总线与单片机相连。89C51单片机虽然没有IZC总线接口,但通过软件编程,可用P1口的两条线模拟其时序,完成对24LC65的读写操作。24LC65是串行EZPROM,无须备用电池,数据可以安全地存放200年。 (4)串行通信接口89C51具有一个全双工串行接口,在此电表中用作与抄表器的通信接口。为了实现多表联网集中远抄,在串行接口的基础上加RS485驱动芯片75LBC184。这样各个电表就可以通过RS485总线与数据采集器进行通信联系,实现集中抄表、远程抄表。 (5)看门狗电路看门狗电路采用专用拌P监控芯片MAx691,它具有上电复位、掉电检测、备用电池切换和看门狗定时器输人输出等功能。确定是否对电量进行累加。这一部分的编程主要是用位操作指令实现的,具有占用RAM字节少、程序代码简洁和运行速度快等优点。 (6)数据校验及多址存放电量数据直接关系到用户和物业管理部门的切身利益,是最重要的数据,必须保证其绝对正确和安全,所以,在真正存放数据之前,都对电量进行校验,以保证数据的正确性。数据在6264和2465中都采取多址存放,互为备份,以确保数据万无一失。实践证明,采取上述措施之后,数据再不会出错或丢失,效果十分明显。 (7)电量巡回显示和步进显示,程序正常运行时,不断计量脉冲、巡回显示各个户号及其电量,当显示完最后一户的电量时,再计算出本单元的合计电量并显示,然后再从头开始循环显示。为了便于现场抄表,特意设计了步进显示方式:即每按下一次检测键,户号加一并显示电量的整数部分。 2.软件设计 防窃电智能电表的软件编程主要采用模块化设计,包括脉冲计数、数据保存、电量显示、清零及恢复、校验脉冲输出、申行中断和软件抗干扰设计等内容。 l)脉冲计数模块:电量计数脉冲经由4051模拟开关阵列输人到单片机的PO.0,单片机记录连续两次的采样结果,再通过比较判断,初始化系统自检脉冲循环计量按键扫描显示一户电量备份数据。 2)整机清零、单户清零及数据恢复:在电表的校验、维修过程中,有时需要对整机电量数据或特定某一户的电量数据进行清零操作。该电表虽然只设有两个 科技文献摘译 按键,但通过不同的组合(不同的时间、不同的顺序和不同的次数)可实现多种功能。每一种操作还对应着不同的提示,应用十分方便。由于采用了两个大容量的数据存储器,所以在清零操作之前,我们先对数据进行复制,使清零数据的恢复成为可能,也进一步提高了数据的安全性。 )计量、校检的同步设计:为了保证电表的精度,产品在出厂之前要经过严3 格的测试和校验;在维修过程中,也常需要校验。因此,该电表设有专门的校验接口,而且通过精巧的编程,使校验脉冲的输出和电量脉冲的计量完全同步。也就是说,电表的校验不影响电表的计量,这对现场校表来说是非常重要的一点。 4)串行中断服务程序:电表、抄表器和数据采集器之间都是采用的串行通信的方式。采集器与电表的通信属于一对多的通信模式,因此需让单片机申行口工作于方式3,通过对第9位数据的编程,来区分地址代码、命令代码或数据信息。单片机进人串行中断之后,通过识别不同的命令代码,可进行多种操作,比如:整机清零、单户清零、数据恢复、表号的更改、用户编程(户号设定、电表参数设定等)、数据传输、电表的加锁和开锁等。 5)其他功能以及抗干扰设计:为了保证销售回款的顺利到位,防止个别客户的恶意拖欠,本电表设有加锁、开锁功能,即通过按键或是抄表器操作,可以对电表的显示屏进行软件加锁、软件解锁、软件死锁等操作。另外在显示上还消隐了无效数字,以便于数据读取和降低电表功耗。电表的抗干扰设计主要采用了软件陷阱、插人空操作、加看门狗定时器等措施。
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