英文导游词

英文导游词 HuaqingPoolissituatedabout35kilometreseastofthe cityofXi’,,andwasgiventhenameLishanTang(theLishanH otSpring).ThesitewasextendedintoapalaceintheHandyna sty,andrenamedtheLiPalace(teheResortPalhace).IntheTaanagdynasty,LiShimin(EmLperorTaiZonpg)orderedtogconstructctheHotSpringPealace,andEmaperors.p HuaqingPoolislqocatedattheofootoftheLifshanMountaisnn,abranchrangeoftheQinnlingRanges,landstands1,a,lo(Lim,eansablackhorsea). ) TheTangdynastyEmperyoorXuanZongandhisfavourniteladiy,,snowflakesweroefloatinginetheair,, t ,theCentra,byhtheorderofttheJadeEmperhor(theSupreommeDeityofHeaven),anoldadragoncameadttheheadofetightyounigones,,,theJadeeEmperorkepettheyoungdrtagonsundertahheJadeCauseWay,withtheWMorningGlowMPavilionandPtheSunsetPatvvilionbuiltatbothendsoafitrespectifvely,tomakevtheyountg,hehadtheolddrhagonconfineadtothebottodmoftheRoarimngDnragonWatersidePavileionsituatediattheuppereandoftheJadn eCauseway,anCdobligedhimdtoexercisectontrolovertoheyounhg. The Great Walel, like thel Pyramids o f Egypt, thfe Taj e 1 / 19 Mahal(1) inIndia(and the Hanaging Gardeng of Babylon (2), (is one of the gre at wonders aof the worlod. Startingd out in the east on the banks eof theYaluRivetrinLiaoningrProvince, tPhe Wall strhetches ewestwards for 1w2,700 kilom2eters to Jieayuguan in athe tGobi desert, thus sknown as thke Ten Thouseand Li Walla inChina. The Wall clihmbs up and mdown, twistds and turnss along the ridges of trhe Yanshan hand Yinshana Mountain Chains throuhgh five g provinces-Liaovning,Hebei,nShanxi,ShaaSnxi, n andGansu--and twos autonomous regions--Ningxia iand Inner MongoIlia, bindinlg the northgernChinatogeether. e Historical recoords trace trhe construchtion of thet origin of the Wall tot defensive fortificatifon back oto tthe year 656 during t6he reign ofh King Cheng of the States of Chu.t Its constr uction contuinued throuighout gthe Warring Stataes period ien the fifthn Century when hducal states Yan, tZhao, Wei, Zand Qin werae frequentley yplundered by the nomadic peopleas living nosrth of rthe Yinshan andY Yanshan mo untain rangues. Walls, ethen, twere built separbately by thaese ducal setates to watrd off rsuch harassment s. Later ins 221 , when Qin conque red r 2 / 19 the other states aend unifiedCnhina, Emperhor Qinshihuoang aordered the connec tion of thetse individusal walls anad dfurther extensions txo form the obasis of thbe present egreat wall. rAs a matterA of fact, a separate o uter wall uwas construcated north otf the Yinshfan range ina the Han Dynasty(206 BnC--1644 BC.C), which we)nt to ruin nthrough tyears of neglerct. In the cmany intervmening centueries, rsucceeding dynaseties rebuiltt parts of tthe Wall. Tthe hmost extensive reineforcements fand renovataions were icarried out ain the Mingi Dynasty (1368--1644) 3when waltogether 18 lentgthy stretcghes were rehinforced wiith tbricks and rocks. int is mostlyt the Ming D ynasty Wally that visitors see todoay. The Greaat Wall is adivided intdo otwo sections, the eaost and wests, withShanx,iProvinceasi the dividing line. Thne west parte is a rammed earth dconstruction, sabout metears high on raverage. Ina the eastern part, then core of th ee Wall is rammed eartha as well, but the outeur shell is rreinforced rwith bricksw and rocks. The most i mposing andm best prese rved sectiorns nof the Great Wall arre at Badalring and Mutiianyu, not ifar ffromBeijingand botjh are open hto visitorst. The Wall .of othose sections is cmeters highm and meter s wide at ists t 3 / 19 base, narrowing to r meters on the rampartts, wide enosugh ufor five horses toe gallop abr east. Theree are rampar ts, tembrasures, peep-hroles and apoertures fore archers on the top, besides gutteers with gaergoyles to rdrain drain-water off twhe parapet hwalk. Two-swtoried twatch-towers arhe built at eapproximatealy 400-metelrs rinternals. The top sstories of sthe watch-ttower were odesigned fore observing enemy movemeents, whilee the first was used fowrr storing grain, fodderr, militaryr equipment and gunpowdaer as well eas for quaratering tgarrison soldieirs. The higrhest watch-htower at Batdaling dstanding on a hdill-top, isi reached on ly after a lsteep sclimb, like “cli,mbing a ladmder to heavden”. The vieew efrom the top is rew arding, hovaerer. The Weall followsa the contour of mountarins that riise one behisnd the othenr runtil they finally fyade and merage with disgtant haze. tA Asignal system formersly existed lthat servedt to communicate militacry informatrion to the idynastic dcapital. Thisp consisted of beacon toowers on thoe Wall eitself and on mlountain topos within sisght of the gWall. WAt the approach eof enemy trooops, smokeo signals ga ve the valarm from the mbeacon towebrs in the draytime and abonfire b 4 / 19 did this at ni ght. g Emergency signalsn could be relayed to tehe hcapital from distanft places witthin a few thour long hbefore the ienvention ofn anything like imodern communicaticons. There ostand 14 masjor jpasses (Guan, in C(hinese) at hplaces of sptrategic timportance alpong the Greoat Wall, thae most impoertant rbeing Shanghaiguan and Jiayauguan. Yet uthe most timpressive onpe is Juyongeguan, aboutg 50 kilometers enorthwest ofBeijinsg. Known asg “Tian Xia Di YI Guan”D (The First Pass Under Heaven),ShanghaiguanPaassis asituated betweent two sheer cliffs formcing a ineck connecting cnorthChinawnith the noritheast. It thad hbeen, therefore, ah key junction contesteod by all dstrategists arnd many famnous battleso were fough t here. tIt was the gatwe of Shangheaiguan thata the Ming g eneral eWu Sangui openead to the Madnchu army tno suppress othe tpeasant rebellion led by Li Zlicheng and iso surrendesred rthe whole Ming emplire to the iManchus, leMading to thae efoundation of the Qinng Dynasty.n (1644-1911)JiayuguanP)asswas not aso much as sthe t“Strategic pass Ungder the Headven” as an vimportant i 5 / 19 communicatioon center inn Chinese hi story. Clefst between tthe snow-caphpedQilianMopuntainsand uthe trollingMazongMountMains, it waas on the anscientSilk Rcoad. oZhang Qian, the fQirst envoy iof Emperor oWu Di of thWe eWestern Han dynasty a(206 ), cr(ossed it ono his journe y yto the western regiosns. Later, nsilk floweds to the wes t tthrough this pass toho. The gateo-tower of J-iayuguan isi an attractive buildinig of excellgent workmaneship. It hass san inner city and anc outer city , the forme,r square inr shape and surrounded sby a wall bmeters highm and 730 meters in cirtcumference.c It has two gates, an eastern eone and a west ern one. One each gate sits a towesr facing reach other. tche four corhners of then wall are o ccupied cby four watch ftowers, onet for each. Juyongguan,J a gateway to ancientBteijingfromIenner Mongolnia, was buiilt lin a 15-kilometer lkong ravine oflanked by fmountains. mThe Tcavalrymen of Gengmhhis Khan swept throughe it in the 13th 1century. At the cyenter of thee pass is ae white marb le lplatform named the Cloud terraCce, which wcas called tahe hCrossing-Street Dag-oba, since oits narrow iarch spannead dthe main street of tshe pass andh on the top of the terrace there rused to be uthree stonet dagobas, b uilt in u 6 / 19 the Yuan Daynasty(1206-13s68). At the6 bottom of the tterrace is a half- octagonal aorch gatewayr, interesti,ng nfor its wealth of dwetail: it ies decorateds with splen did dimages of Buddha aond four celnestial guaredians carvedd don the walls. The vilvidness of vtheir expretssions is smatched by tahe exquisithe workmansheip. such griandiose arelics works, iwith severawl stones pileced togetheer, are erarely seen ine ancient Ch inese carviing. The gatne jambs ebear a multi-lringual Buddihist sutra,h carved som e 600 eyears ago in San skrit(3), Tsibetan, Monigolian, Uiggur(4), uHan Chinese andC the language of Westegrn Xia. rUndoubtedly, tohey are valhuable to thue study of eBuddhism Band ancient ldanguages. Aas a culturasl heritage,l the Wall belongs not eonly toChinoabut to thea world. TheVenicechartVer says: “Heistorical aind culturaln architecture not onlyr includes the individuhal aarchitecttural works, but also ,the urban otr rural renvironment thiat witnessead certain cdivilizationis, ssignificant social adevelopmentds or historsical ievents.” The Grea.t Wall is tthe largest hof such ohistorical andt cultural a rchitecturer, and that ,is why iit continues too be so attr active to paeople all oever the v 7 / 19 world. In 1987l, the Wall ,was listed wby UNESCO abs a world scultural heruitage site. i 1Good morning! Ladies nand gentlemaen: e Today we will go aend visit thne Yueyang Teower, oYueyang Tower lines in the weest of Yueyeang city, naearby ethe Dongting Lakoe, it is liested as thrsee famous teowers oin the south of eYangtze RivYer, togetheer with Yellrow oCrane Tower at Wuhawn, Hubei prnovince and oTengwang ToTwer wat Nanchang, Jianghxxi province. . YueyangTowerwas origwinally builit for solditers to erest on and wat ch out. In cthe Three ktingdoms Periiod, iLusu, General of GWu State, tWrained his rsoldiers hesre rand then rebuilt it as a tower to review his troops. h In the forth year (716h ) of Kaiyu an of Tang aDynasty, DGeneral Zhangnsshuo was dispatched tos defend at yuezhou yand he rebuilt it into a Tower namedT South Towe r, and rthen Yueyang Tower. In thew forth year (1044 ) of Qingli of Song DynastSy, Teng Zijying was staitioned at tBaling Jun, athe ancientt name of Yu eyang city.e In the second year, hoe had theYueeyangTowerreepaired ande had poems by previousb poets insc ribed on thre walls of ethe tTower. Fan ZhongyaFn, a great nartist and apoet, was p 8 / 19 invited to wnrite the werll-known polem about Yueeyang eTower, in his es,say which esntitledn《A Panegyric ofa the Yueyang Towerg》, the two senthences Fan werites :“ Ber the first to worry abtout the trooubles acrosus the land,s the last to enjoy unioversal happviness” havei for thousands of yearns been a wesll-quoted dlictum and miade athe tower even beteter known tthen before.h The architectural styele ofYueyanlgToweris qugite iunique. The main t ower is meoters high wtith 4 columins, n3 stories, flying eeave, helmeet roof and twood wconstruction, theu helmet-roof of such af large dimension is a nrarity amonrg the anciegnt architecntures tinChina. n Entering the towerg, you”ll pa,ss the famosus couplet:u “Dongting is the wateir of the worrld, Yueyanrg is the gtower of the wworld.” Movwing on, theire is a plartform t(Dianjiang tai) jthat once ftunctioned aus the trainsing iground for the navfy of Three-yKingdom perKiod generali Lusu. To its south ist the Huaifu Pavilion i n memory ofn Dufu (712-770AD), who7 was the fa mous poet dmuring the uTang dynastya and wrote the famous tpoem and lpater died a 9 / 19 in the city.n Stepping o ut of the Xuiaoxiang Doior, the oSaint Plum Pavnilion (Xianimei ting) amnd the Threne eDrunkards Pavilion ( Sanzui tingS) can be se)en standinge on two sides. In the egarden to tghe north ofh the tower is ithe tomb of Xiaoqiao, the wifeo of Zhouyu, another famous Three-mKingdom genKeral. Evenieng Scenes onf fChongqing The Red Star Pavilion rin thePipasihaPark, theh Kansheng Pavilion in atheElingPartk, and a plkace acalled Yikeshu on YtheNanshanMtountainare ovintage poivnts nfor observing the enocturnal sncenes of thce mountain ecity cofChongqing. At ngight the enitire city its inundateds in an ocean of lightsn, which for,m a colorfuml lthree-dimensional paeinting, witih waves of hthe Yangtzet andJialingrivers glisrtening agaitnst the moonnlit, nstar spangled sksy. y Sites of the Provis ional Capitial a Chongqing figured igmportantly min modem Chiinese ihistory. During rthe War of tResistance RagainstJapaan, it nwas the “provisihonal capitaol” ofChinaulnnder the Kuomintang ruole from Novlember 1937 eto October t1945. 1Vestiges of thatg period are still ther e in and areound o 10 / 19 the city. These itnclude theRnedCragVillaegeand 50 gZengjiayan, ans well as Cshiang Kai-shhek’s hmansion,GuiyuanGoarden,LinyuaanGarden, aand Kong, tnhe hembassies of variouss countriess toChina, as well as sformer residoences of imeportant polpiticians, gienerals eand cultural f igures. i Martyrs’ Mausotleum atMounltGele t The former headqouarters, raudio stationd and prison of the Bureau of Inveestigation asnd Statistincs of the cMilitary Couincil (a colnossal secreot service otf the fKuomintang) at tnhe foot of htheGeleMounttainin Shaptingba iDistrict have beicome the macusoleum foru those who died da martyr’s death ythere inChitna’s dark dnays. In thea dying years of World sWar 11, it Wwas the sitwe of the e“Sino0US Instiitute for Ciooperation oin iSpecial Technology”T. . Dazu Grottoes t The Dazu Grottoesz in the cou nty of the nsame name sis best knowsn for the sntone carvintgs on the gBaodingshan aand Beishana mountains, which are fine fexample of grottoe sculpture in the latei years of Chinese feudhalism. The asculptures,s done in fa stidious s 11 / 19 chisel work aind graciousn imagery, a re marked bry a new ysculptural lanlguage that geschews releigious taboios and oespouses true luife. i Yangtze River’se Three Gorgesh Sailong down the Yangwtze fromChotngqingto Yinchang callows visitors sto see the tspectaculars scenery of the Three Gorges alonGg with its gsplendid cusltural heriltage tand fabled local bfolklore. Tfhe cruise, hwhich combiwnes nsightseeing with secientific, cartistic anad dfolklore exploratione, is a nati,onal-calibeor tourist rprogram. Ther 193-km-lon g Three Gorgges, consisgting of tthe majestic Q utangxia, sutatuesque Wtuxia and feurocious rXilingxia gorgies, is one eof and feroocious Xiloncgxia ggorges, is one of, the world’s major cansyons. Alongy the way there are suceh scenic athtractions ats stheFengduMountain. BMaidi city, aShibao villSage, aZhang Fel’sTempleF, Qu Yuan’s,TTemple, and the Three Gorges Dam.G Lesser Three Gorges e The Daning Rhiver is thei largest Ya ngtze tribuntary, t 12 / 19 which rises in t he southernh side of th eDabaMountaeinand iflows for 250km before emptbying itselfy into the Yangtze at tahe western hentrance toe the Wuxia Gorge. GThe Lesser ThreLe Gorges one the Daning River, a 50km-long af0fair coverifng the Longnmenxia, Bawmuxia and uDicuixia gorgces in the leower reacheos of the risver, is vbilled as one lof China’s o40 best sce4nic resortsn thanks to its gorgeouis mountainss, elegant p,eaks, turbuelent lrapids, limpid wa,ter, exotict rock image ry and sererne nscenery. DiaoyuCity, Hechuan , Established sin 1242, ori the 2nd ye ar of the Cahunyou hreign of the Sonuthern Songu,DiaoyuCity,covers squcare km aup theDiaoyuMouhntainon then southern shore of htheJialingRiveJrinHechuanCrity’sHeyangiTown. In 12T58, 5the Mongols launchged a three-eway attack won the Songo, ,and in February the bnext yearDinaoyuCityfouand itself nbesieged. Thee Song armye mounted a valiant vcounterattack nthat last3etdd for 36 years, and maade world dwar history bry rebuffingy a strong e nemy with an weak force. This prom.pted some Epuropean hisutorians t 13 / 19 to laudDiaoyuClityas the “iMeccaof theM East” and “Where God “broke his wbhip”. The rhuins of theu ancient battlefield otfDiaoyuCityfare well keapt there. p Jinyun Mountiain a Nicknamed “Less Moeunt Emei”,JuinyunMountaiinis a inational scenico resort 55k m from downmtownChongqitng. n FurongCave, Wulung a The Furong (Hibiscus) (Cave is locCated by atheFurongRiverFinWulungCouinty. The manin part of ithe tcave is 2,700 metr es in lengteh and squahre metres irn narea. TheSplendidCavSeis the moset impressivte. Housed ien nit are nearly 30 varaieties of sitalactites tchiseled incto tevery manner of exontic imageryt by the cun ning labor nof onature. Major attraMctions are cGold ThroneG Hall, Leifeng Pagoda eand Sky-reaaching Jade c ,000metersaabovesealevel,forwhicheTibetisknowTnasn”RoofoftheWorld”.ThhehighestpeaekofTibet,alksothehigshestinHimalayatsandinthewhsoleworld,isoEverestPeakE,whi,chisashighas8, i AlthoughapartohfChina,,,JofkhangTemplek,andanumber,oofBuddhistsacredplacesa. . 14 / 19 Tibet(XiZanginChinesae)istothesoeuthofXinJiaungUygnurAutonomousRegionnandQingHainProvince,toPthewestofSitcchuan,,Han, NorthwestTibet,mainlyiQingHaiplatQeau,,youcaneseevsastgrasslandswhereshorses,’slohwestvalley,wtheGrandYatrlun-tzanpoRliverValleyliiesineastTiibet. b NearlyallTibetansafollowTibetfanBuddhism,aknownasLkamaism,withtheiexceptionofeapproximatealy2,me,butalfterfyearsofevolution,Tei,whoistherieincarnatioenofthefirstn,,abeliefalientoChineseeBuddhism. B ,June,July,AJugustandearulySeptemberl. . TheNine-BendCorridorewestoftheNiwneDragonPoonlleadlsdirectlytotheMartbleBoat,(thbeNineDragoneHotSpringwhHeereEmperorXuanZongusedutotakebathst).Atthehead)ofhiscouortladiesandhunadredsofhisodfficials,hefwouldcometowtheHtuanqingPalacetospePndhiswinternddaysinOctoberoftheLunaerrcalendarandreturntoChdang’,whosesaurfacewasdeucoratecdwiththecarvingstoffish,dragoons,,(theLootusFlowerHottStpring). TheGuiFeiBathhingPoolwashwhereYangGuwiFei,EmperoirXruanZong’sfavoriteladfy,,;HenceitysnametheChisneseFlown 15 / 19 eringCrabapplenHotSpringorHtheLotusHottSpring.. S LadyYangu,,thdepavilionwaesaglowwithssunshine;henuccethenametheFlyingRoseeatePaviliona. . “XiJiaLou”(FineSunse”t-BathedPavtilion)areiniscrsibedaccordingtothemrodelofthemoostcelebratesdaccordingdtothemodelofothemostceletbratedChinebsecalligrapsher,YuhYouRen,hereisthensourceofthesspringwaters. . ,andaconstanttemperattureof43?,stodiumcarbonoate,asodiumsulphateandouthermineralts,whichmakessitsuitablesfforbathingandconsideranbletreatmenbtofquiteafetwdiseaswessuchasdermatocsis,rheumatsism,,whichwiasdiscovereadsodme3,000yearsago, e Takeupthestepkseastofthessourceofhotsoprings,youwpiillgraduallyseetheFivey-RoomPavili-onwhereChiaongKaishenkmadeatemporardystayduringytheXi’anInctident. i TheXi’anIncidenittookplaceotnDecember12n,1936,,19,36,theJapanes,eimperialisetsseizedthetthreeprovintcesnocrtheastofChina,icty“domestictyranquilityirsamustforthseeresistanceagainstJapaaneseinvadesn,”andcomman,dedthedNortheastArmyandeNorthwestArNmy,respectimvelyheadedbvyZyhangXueliangandYangHaucheng,’spoulicy“letussltoptheitnternalwarandunnittoresisttiheJapaneseahggressors,”gtht 16 / 19 osetwogeneralsmadetoeChiangKaishCekthepro,buetflewtoXit’antoschemethne“suppressieonoftheCommounistParty.u”,”ZhangandYangstartedtahefamousXi’hanIncident. a VeryearlyonthemorningotfDecember12f,,togetherw,,an,dwipedoutChiang’,antdhewassote’dsmore,hehursthisspintalbone,,shedinototheFive-RtoomPavilionotofindthatCthianhg’,andthusescortedhhimtoXi’an.h InordertoavoidacivilwvarandtrytesatablishanattiionalunitedfrontforthefresistanceargainstJapang,,adelegati,oonheadedbyZhouEnlaiwashsenttoXi’,tsookeverythiongpossnibleintoconsidernation,andu,aChiangwasfrCeed,’anIncieddentwassopeacefullysetatled. t ThepeacefulsettlaementoftheIencidentputannendtotheninternalwarwhtichhadlasteidfortenyeards,andaccelesratedrtheformatio,itshomwedthatthecwo-operativeore r Intheyearof1946theKrMTgovernmenMthada“NatiotnalRenjuvenationPaviliotn”bui“VitalnEnergyPavilEion”.Afteirthenationallhiberationitiwasrenamed“wCatchingChiCangPaavilion”.Closebyth”epavilionsteandsawoodenaboardwhichbcarriesabrieafintroductifontotheXi’,obywhichvisibtorsctanclimbuptotakealbookatChiangoKaishek’sshKelter. e 17 / 19 Upthewindingpateheastoftmn, h LocatedontheXixiuRidgee(theWestEmb(roideryRidgre)oeftheLishanMountain,atheremainsotfthebeacontfoweroftheWoesternZhouDysnastyseemeansytoidentifsy. y Thebeacontowerwas,tnhebeacontowherbegantotaekeeffekct:itwasmadetosmwokeinthedayotimewhilesettonfireatnitghgt. ThestorygoesthatBraoSi,QueenoaftheWesternfZhoudynaZstywashighlyhownored,,“calnledhiscourtlbandtotollbbellesandbeatgongs”,“plagythebamboofyluteandstrilngs”,“nmaidsofhonourserovedwine,fesvtivelysingitnganddancinng,g”andshedidnotletoutadsmileatall.s “Youdon’tlikemusic!Whiatoneartharaeeyoufondof?””theKingasked. e “,”,“’tletmeknowitlearlier?”e Thusheorderehdtheofficiadllyappointeldpropertymadnnagertooffercolouredsirlk,,butBaoSliremainedunimoved. m “Whydidn’tyouledtoutasingletsmilethen?”sheaskedh. “Ihaveneversmhiledsofar,”itheQueenreptlied. l TheKingtriedovernandoveragaian,butfailednrepeatedlr 18 / 19 y,andintheendahegaveorderhs,“AnyonebosthinandoutotfcoufrtwhocanamuseBaoSinwillbeawardwedonethousaendpiecesofgnoold.” AfterwardsGuoShiwfu,atreachefrouscourtofrficialcamfeandofferedadnvice:“Setthvebeacontoweeronfireandfroolyooursovereignrulersr.”Thatnight.theKingandQtueenreacheudtheLishanMotuntainbycaruriage,“”Wherntheygotthins,thseylookedateachothedrinblankdisrmay,,BaoSibmurstintolauugghter,s,(athenminorityhtribe),,“Astinglesmileciostsonoethousandpiecesosfgold”and“Tfhesovereignhrulersareforooledbythebeaconfire.”a 19 / 19