高中美术教师招聘考试试题

高中美术教师招聘考试试题 高中美术教师招聘考试试题(三)及参考答案 1.人类最初的艺术活动产生于何时何地?它包括的主要内容是什么?有关艺术起源的理论主要有哪几种? 产生于旧石器时代晚期,距今三万至一万年之间.主要包括洞窟壁画和小型器物艺术. 艺术起源学说:?模仿说 ?劳动说 ?巫术说. 2. 古埃及艺术的特点是什么? ?概念写实性 ?稳定性和纪念性 3. 两河流域古巴比伦的艺术特征是什么? 这一期在造型艺术上的突出成就,除了宫殿建筑进入了高度发展时期外,最值得一提的是《汉漠拉比法典石碑》. 古希腊在建筑、雕刻和瓶画方面有哪些主要成就? 建筑:主要是神庙,出现围柱式、多利安和爱奥尼亚式和科斯式. 雕刻:艺术家开始亲自实际的观察,不断改进雕刻技术,使雕像获得了新的样式.出现起伏的曲线,有细节刻画如《荷犊的男子》.有一定情和肌肉解剖特点的雕像和高浮雕. 瓶画:黑绘式风格作品双耳大瓶《掷骰子的游戏》和红绘式风格作品《伊娥和门农》陶盘. 5. 为什么说古希腊艺术奠定了西方古典艺术的基础? ?希腊人对神的看法就十分独特,他们不像埃及人那样视神为宇宙中探不可测、高不可攀的绝对权威,而仅仅把神看作强健、聪明和更加理想的人. ?希腊人十分看重“数”这个概念.确立美的客观. ?希腊人是最早摆脱泛灵论的思维方式,在思维中加进了分析判断,善于进行理论性思考的民族. 6. 古代罗马在建筑和绘画方面的主要成就是什么? 建筑:建筑遗址包括凯旋门、斗兽场、万神殿、纪念柱公共浴池和长方形会堂. 绘画:装饰壁画和镶嵌画,如庞贝城遗址艺术. 7. 犍陀罗雕刻艺术的主要特征是什么? 犍陀罗艺术受印度和希腊影响,雕刻建立在佛教建筑上,题材多取自佛教本生故事.佛像表情宁静祥和、略带微笑,体形圆柔,或站立或盘生,衣纹紧帖肌肤,须鬃由无数螺状组成,体型健硕雄浑,为后来佛像奠定基础. 8. 拜占庭艺术的特征是什么? 拜占庭艺术在王权的支持下带有较多的世俗特点,呈得比较宏伟富丽.一套严格的程式化的艺术形式,形象显得刻板、威严而富有永恒的精神力量. 9. 罗马式建筑的主要特征是什么? 注重装饰性,带有地方色彩,较少写实风格.罗马式建筑主要从古罗马的巴西利卡式会堂发展而来,起初为木结构,后来改造为石结构.显得厚重、简洁而庄严. 10. 哥特式建筑的主要特征是什么?举例说明. 变罗马式的半圆形拱为矢状券,将所有的内部空间以骨架券连结为整体,尖顶变得比较轻巧从而使墙变薄,内部空间增大,墙上了许多高大的窗户.哥特式建筑的外表饰有各种精美的雕刻,门窗顶部变为矢状形,门为“透视门”,即一层层的逐层递进.高大的钟楼,尖塔,重多的垂直线给人轻盈升腾感,充分体现宗教意识.如法国的巴黎圣母院、夏特尔教堂. 中世纪艺术同古希腊艺术有什么根本的区别? 希腊美术体现开放,自由民的思想.精神文明呈现出空前的活跃,形成了人类文化史的一个重要的高峰期.基本特征:赞美人性,注重情趣,强调模拟自然;注重内在结构,信任此刻的观察,追求理想境界;在和谐理想的旗帜下不断超越,带来艺术风格顺其自然的演变.追求理想是古希腊发展自始至终的主旋律. 中世纪艺术不能单纯理解为宗教艺术,而是在东方文化古希腊,罗 马文化传统和蛮族文化的基础上融合而成的基督教艺术.宣言神学思想和崇拜封建帝王的观念,为巩固贵族和教会的统治服务. 12. 什么是蛮族艺术? 指西欧在西罗马帝国灭亡之后,北方蛮族入侵,经过几个世纪的动荡,最后确立封建之前这一段时间的艺术. 13. 如何理解加洛林文艺复兴. 蛮族的封建王国法兰克王国的查理大帝梦想恢复昔日罗马的繁荣,故大力倡导古代罗马的文化艺术招聘当时有名的学者艺人到首都亚申收集整理古代的文物、书籍,模仿古典样式创作艺术作品, 故历史上把这个复兴古代文化的潮流称之. 14. 伊斯兰教艺术的特点是什么?举出伊斯兰教的著名建筑. 伊斯兰教艺术中只允许带有装饰的几何纹样和植物纹样出现,艺术家的创造力和丰富想象,只能表现为精美的花饰纹样.清真寺《萨马拉大清真寺》、《奥马尔清真寺》、《泰姬)马哈尔陵》. 15.意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术发展共分几个阶段.各个阶段的艺术特色是什么? 分为开端、早期、盛期、晚期四个时期. 开端:新的写实因素开始出现. 早期:大批艺术家对新的艺术精神和因素的探索阶段,尽管这时的艺术还不成熟,尚未形成理想化的规范,却能体现出艺术的真挚和纯朴.、 盛期:是最辉煌的时期,人才辈出、硕果累累,新的古典艺术规范建立,绘画技法发展. 晚期:是一个探索艺术新风格,突破盛期艺术规范的过渡时期. 16. 达.芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔的主要艺术特色和艺术成就是什么? 达.芬奇:不仅是画家,而且也是数学家,力学家和工程师.他要求绘画构图,明暗,透视,色彩方面有所建树.创立明暗法,发明薄雾法.崇尚古典艺术的人文主义,准确再现自然.科学性和理想化是他创作的最高境界.米开朗基罗:在雕刻,绘画,建筑方面都是伟大成就了艺术巨匠.他把艺术视为同上帝的创造一样神圣的个人创造,赋予艺术以力量和激情.作品有着一股悲愤壮烈,骚动不安的反抗情绪. 拉斐尔:他创造出盛期文艺复兴典雅、优美,具有高度技巧的艺术典型,这是现实美与理想美的统一,被后奉为古典艺术的楷模. 17. 意大利文艺复兴在美术史上有何地位和作用? 意大利是文艺复兴的发源地.基于商业的发达人门的思想从中世纪解放出来,强调个人的力量,重视科学,蔑视宗教,崇敬光荣的希腊,伟大的罗马,以人道主义取代非人道主义的禁欲主义.在意识形态上掀起了反对中世纪的斗争,在欧洲形成了被称为文艺复兴的,继希腊之后的第二次文化高峰. 18. 什么是样式主义艺术?举出两位形式主义艺术家. 晚期文艺复兴又称为“样式主义”是一种新的艺术风格.企图突破前辈大师的艺术规范,开始探索新的艺术风格和表现手法、夸张变形、强调细节的修饰,突出个性的表现、 反对理性、典雅、优美的原则,强调想象.如意大利:巴米基安尼诺、布兰金诺、罗索. 19. 老勃鲁盖尔的艺术成就和艺术特色是什么? 是16世纪尼德兰最伟大的画家,也是欧洲独立风景画的开创者,同时被誉为专画农民生活题材的天才.早期作品以民间传说和谚语作为题材,以后转向社会生活与斗争,抨击和揭露战争的罪恶.他的作品是当时普遍的社会情绪的反映.艺术形象优美、比例正确、立体感强、注意 整体效果的特点不同. 20. 威尼斯画派的艺术特点是什么?其它代表人物有哪些? 威尼斯画派画家更注重风景和色彩的描绘,作品充满自由的世俗气息和追求舒适豪华生活的享乐情调.如乔凡尼.贝利尼和乔尔乔尼. 21. 提香的艺术对后世油画艺术的发展有何影响? 提香在色彩方面的造诣和绝技,是无人比拟.直接画法和素描上色法表现质感.善于用辉煌绚丽的色彩.对后代画家影响深刻.作品形式多样、题材广泛、构图多变,洋溢着活泼的生命力. 22. 丢勒的艺术成就是什么? 丢勒既是油画家也是版画家和建筑师,对水彩画也非常在行,绘画理论也有建树.他是德国文艺复兴时期最著名的艺术家,在作品中反映出鲜明的人文主义的思想.艺术兼有北欧人的细腻、精致和个性特点,以及南欧艺术的优美、理想化和科学性.把版画的地位提高到具有艺术性的独立画种.用了理想化手法,使人体显得更完美和谐. 23. 乔托的艺术特点是什么? 创造出写实风格发现平面上塑造空间深度表现手法的画家.他还把优美的叙事同忠实的观察结合起来,使绘画不再是文字的简单图解,具有了独立的意义.突破了中世纪的绘画程式,用明暗法来塑造形体,用透视缩短法来表现空间关系,创造出真实生动的形象,使绘画跨入了一个新天地. 24. 德国文艺复兴有哪些重要艺术家?他们在艺术上取得了哪些成就? 丢勒.小荷尔拜因.格吕奈瓦尔德.他们创作的版画,油画以及用线造型的大量素描作品影响深广.将北欧艺术同意大利相结合.有较强的宗教性,重理性,善思考,注重细节的刻画,较强调个性的表现. 25. 巴洛克艺术同意大利文艺复兴盛期的艺术有何区别? 巴洛克艺术具有雄伟磅礴的气魄,讲求富丽堂皇,奇形怪诞.多采用强烈运动感的波状曲线,色彩厚重热烈.文艺复兴盛期艺术:追求的美是一种绝对的美的概念,他们把最完美的比例,最美的线条,最温柔典雅的形象视为普遍公式,创造了一种古典理想美的艺术典型.完美,准确,概括的写实绘画体系建立起来. 26. 巴洛克艺术的表现在哪些方面? 突破了文艺复兴艺术以来古典艺术的理性,匀称.静止.典雅的风格.表现在建筑上,它一反文艺复兴时期 27. 卡拉瓦乔为什么被称为推开17世纪大门的艺术家?他的艺术特点是什么? 他大胆地处理光线,用光作为塑造形象,构图布局,突出戏剧性主题的重要手段.这对17世纪欧洲绘画有深远的影响.他是一位具有独特个性和风格的艺术家,他的艺术旨趣是描写亲眼所见的真实.不回避丑,也不遵循古典模式,不承认任何既定的法则,而是虔诚地描写生活中平凡的或下层生活中的普通形象.他是第一位把神圣的宗教题材用当代下层人民生活加以表现艺术家. 28. 戈雅的艺术特点是什么?其代表作有哪些? 他在思想上到技法上全方位地打破了18世纪的传统,创造了新的艺术.自由而率真地表现他那个时代生活和斗争.打破了传统的美丑的界限,把原来视为平凡,卑微的东西提到史诗的高度加以歌颂和赞美,甚至不惜描绘生活中的丑.他还采用隐喻、幻想、讽刺的手法反映当代社会生活、抨击时弊、自由表达个人的感受.《查理四世一家》《奇想集》. 29. “荷兰小画派”的代表人物有哪些?其艺术特点有何不同? 维米尔主要是风俗画家和风景画家.善于概括细节,简化形体,画中内容表现比较单纯,但却经过了画家严格的推敲,他的作品因而显得精致, 简朴和宁静.将世俗生活诗意化,在平凡中发掘出美的画面.作品用光和色彩取胜,带有较多的 纯艺术性. 30. 维米尔的艺术特点是什么? 维米尔善于概括细节,简化形体,画中内容表现比较单纯,但却经过了画家严格的推敲,他的作品因而显得精致,简朴和宁静.将世俗生活诗意化,在平凡中发掘出美的画面.作品构图、质感、用光和色彩取胜,带有较多的纯艺术性. 31. 伦勃朗的艺术特色和艺术成就是什么? 伦勃朗首先表现在对对象的气质的深刻理解上,作品的形象不那么完美,却能体现出一种内在精神气质,表现出微妙的精神状态,洋溢着灵魂的美和高尚,十分耐人寻味.把真实和质朴放在第一位,在油画技法方面的贡献是表现对光的概括强调和多次完成的厚堆画技法方面.伦勃朗不仅是油画家,还是著名的铜板画家.在风俗、历史、肖像和风景画都有他非凡的造诣,特别是油画技法作出了重要贡献. 32. 17世纪法国古典主义美术的代表人物是谁?他在法国艺术史上的地位和影响是什么? 尼古拉.普桑他十分注重理性,强调艺术中的条理性和秩序感,强调构图的稳定和平衡.也受拉斐尔艺术的影响,重视表现对象的素描结构,他认为绘画的最高宗旨是表现人类行为的高尚和尊严,将绘画同文学紧密联系起来,使他的作品反映出深厚的古典艺术修养. 33. 罗可可艺术的特点的什么?其代表人物有哪些? 它是一种高度技巧性的装饰艺术,表现为纤巧、华丽、繁琐和精美,多采用S形和旋涡形的曲线.追求视觉快感和舒适实用,并有排斥和贬低精神内容的倾向.代表人有画家华多、布歇和佛拉戈纳尔. 34. 鲁本斯的艺术风格及成就是什么? 他把意大利艺术的优雅完美融入自己的风格中,创造出既有夸张的形体,多变的线条、鲜明的色彩、精湛的细部刻画、洒脱的用笔,又不失正确比例和优美造型的艺术.他的作品渲染宫廷的富丽堂皇和歌颂帝王权贵的势力,因此人称为巴罗克绘画大师.油画技法一般是一次完成,用笔奔放,色彩明快鲜艳.生气勃勃.不过某些形象过分健硕夸张,显得浮华缺少内在的气质.对浪漫主义艺术有着直接而深远的影响. 35. 法国新古典主义与古典主义艺术有何区别和联系? 区别.古典主义:强调回到古代希腊去,要求的是资产阶级的个人主义,与封建主义有着对抗,艺术上倾向感官享受,没有题材的限制, 色彩与线条并重,体现典范的美学观,如和谐、明晰、严谨、普遍性和理想化.新古典主义:强调的是回到古罗马,公众利益至上,要求全社会的规范,为了祖国可以牺牲自己与封建主义相妥协,在艺术上要求有理性的内容,以英雄人物和神话题材为主,强大素描造型的重要.联系:古典主义是新古典主义的过度,在重视古代这一点上,它们有着美学观点的一致性.重规律、重典雅、重技巧、重传统.新古典主义与古典主义艺术都是文艺复兴时期人文主义在特定的历史,特定需要下的继续. 36. 大卫有哪些艺术成就? 在艺术上是古典传统的严格遵循者和古代艺术的崇拜者,他服从于既有的艺术体系,强调古典艺术强有力的结构关系,追求间接,质朴和庄严感,这种过分追求理性导致了艺术的冷漠和呆板,也失去了艺术家的独创性.作品有平衡理智的构图,人物造型极为严禁,古典油画技巧纯熟,善于处理戏剧性的人物动态和场面,在画中常常使用卡拉瓦乔式的光线突出主体人物.但是他的人物姿态不免有呆板做作的痕迹.他是一位紧跟时代潮流,积极投身大革命的艺术家,他将艺术同革命紧密结合起来.他还以严谨准确的造型对素描艺术作出了贡献. 37. 安哥尔的艺术主义和主要成就是什么? 他十分敬慕庄重典雅的古典艺术.强调写实训练,重艺术形式,倾向于唯美主义的古典艺术家.还带有一些夸张的浪漫情调.他维护大卫的古典主义传统,坚持古典主义的绘画原则,反对新主张.他追求一种永恒的,纯粹的美.认为曲线和圆弧形是最美的.在素描、形体、线条等造型手段方面加以发展,成为古典主义艺术的最高成就的人.尽管极力维护古典主义原则,追求严谨的构图、准确的造型、微妙的明暗变化、清晰的轮廓、,精细的用笔,但从他的大量作品中看到,其艺术实践同他所一心追寻的古典主义原则并不完全一致.作品常常带有个人色彩和不符合古典规范的夸张变形. 38. 浪漫主义的美学特征是什么?其代表人物是谁? 表现客观对象转向了表现人的主观世界,它全力去揭示人的心灵和独特的自我,放弃了古典那种普遍而绝对的共同美,去追寻每个人自己内心的理想美.浪漫主义不再把自然作为原形,而是把它作为“假托”，以富于诗意的想象和热情，通过自然形象寄予个人的情感(艺术成为了以个人感情为基础的创造(这种强调主观感情，努力表现人的内心世界是浪漫主义的第一特征(一切能激发艺术家热情和想象的事物都成为他们创作的对象，这种追求新奇的思想态度是浪漫主义的第二特征( 39. 德拉克洛瓦的艺术特点是什么? 有:浪漫主义的狮子:之称的画家(认为艺术家应把感情从一切理性法则中解放出来，应当去认识和洞察理性之外的秘密，他相信灵感的作用，具有丰富的想象力(不愿完全接受学院派的教条，执着于对古代雕像的临摹和对素描的准确描写(相信绘画中的色彩和激情比素描和理性更重要(倡导主观动态奔放多变光色(是一位色彩的革新者，以色彩来补充素描的不足之处( 40. 巴比松画派的特点是什么?其主要的代表人物有哪些? 主张走出画室到大自然写生,描绘充满空气和生命的大自然景色,研究光线和大气对绘画的影响.对印象派影响和启示极大.直观自然,对景写生,怀着对大自然的热爱探索绘画,倡导风景画赋予自然亲切气质.如:柯罗、米勒 、卢索. 41. 柯罗.米勒和库尔贝各自艺术特点和成就是什么? 柯罗:风景画画家,将古典风景过度到印象绘画,作品既有古典的典雅,宁静,又有浪漫的诗意画意,也有现实的淳朴自然,还追求印象光和色彩.用含蓄和谐的风格,精湛的技巧和题材多样表现自然.米勒:著名的农民画家,以质朴、真诚、亲切的笔调反映农家生活. 库尔贝:现实主义美术运动的代表和旗手.倡导艺术的真实,主张师法自然,去华就实,表现自己亲眼所见.敢于标新立异的艺术家. 42. 法国印象派的主要观点和主张是什么?它在美术史上的重要影响表现在哪些方面? 法国印象派重外光、重瞬间、重视觉、重气氛.都与自然科学上的发明有不可分割的关系,都是想通过这一手段达到“真实感”反映现实. 印象派重感觉、直观、经验和写实,根据科学理解光和色的关系.使人的主观为客观代替,从而把临摹论推向了极端,它使文艺复兴时期开始的西方近代美术宣告结束,并为新的历史时期的美术,开辟了更广阔的天地. 43.印象派有哪些重要艺术家?他们的艺术特色和艺术成就是什么? 法国的雷诺阿、德加、马奈、莫奈.探索色彩,描绘瞬间印象,突破了传统的绘画模式和色彩观念.建立起一整套新的色彩观念和绘画表现手法.以光和色彩作为认识世界的中心;客观再现个人的瞬间视觉印象;强调绘画的审美功能. 44. 塞尚对现代艺术的主要贡献是什么?它有哪些主要艺术观点? 塞尚十分强调色彩与体积的密切关系,强调主观的艺术处理,对后来的现代主义艺术诸流派产生了强烈的影响,因此被称为:现代艺术之父:他认为绘画不意味盲目去复制现实,而是把自己的感受译成特有的光学语言,再现自然新的意义.他追求一种牢固的、经久的、博物馆的 艺术,追求画中物体的量感、体积感、稳定感和运用补色关系去表现画面深度. 45.凡高和高更的艺术特点和主要成就是什么? 凡高:是一位热爱生活和艺术的画家,视绘画如宗教,以全部的生命投入艺术创作中力图用色彩来揭示精神,用笔触来表达情感的冲动,强烈的色彩表现个人感受和内在激情,运用清晰的点,旋转运动的线状笔触,夸张变形的形象创作. 高更:厌倦欧洲文明和工业化的社会,对传统艺术的优美典雅也反感,他向往原始和自然的生活,寻找一种单纯率真的画风,创造出既有原始神秘意味又有象征意义的艺术.追求个人主观愿望和追求. 46. 罗丹的主要作品有哪些? 《地狱之门》、《加莱义民》、《欧米哀尔》、《维克多》、《雨果纪念碑》 47. 拉斐尔前派的艺术特点是什么?其代表人物有哪些? 反对学院派倡导的继承拉斐尔的传统,要改革艺术,就必须回到拉斐尔前期的时代,以早期文艺复兴那种有明快色彩，有丰富细节和漂亮自然光的绘画艺术为榜样,创造出一种风格清新,技巧纯朴和感情真挚的艺术..如:布朗、亨特 48. 俄罗斯19世纪巡回展派的艺术主张和特点是什么? 站在民主主义的立场上,反映社会问题,人民生活,历史事件和美丽的俄罗斯大自然.巡回展派强调艺术作品的思想性,社会性和主题性,作品具有相当的广度和深度,但在艺术形式的探索方面比较欠缺. 49. 比加索的艺术特点和成就是什么? 是20世纪最具有创造精神的艺术家,立体派画家.他最大贡献是艺术风格和手法方面永无止境的开拓与探索.处绘画外还在陶瓷,雕塑等领域也有相当的成就和建树. 50. 西方美术发展到20世纪上半叶有哪些主要现代派? 1野兽派 2立体派 3未来派 4表现派5 达达派 6超现实主义 7风格派 51.蒙克的艺术特色和成就有哪些? 蒙克是表现主义绘画的先驱,从印象主义和象征主义吸取营养,发展自己,作品表现了人类心灵特征,他的艺术带有强烈的悲剧性,用笔简练,色彩和线条十分富于表现力,以大色块构成画面. 52. 如何看待大地艺术和观念艺术? 在缤纷的现代艺术天地里,在20世纪的巨大变化的确令人感慨万千, 观念艺术认为艺术品是艺术家的观念和思想的物化形态和大地艺术是艺术与自然结合,探求艺术创造材料的无限性.艺术已发展到面向所有人,反映当代社会每一个方面,同人类生活和空间环境密切结合的境地,艺术开始走向生活,走向过程，也走向观念. rn标题为:高中美术教师业务考试题 的文章来自【长沙教育论坛】 61、什么是素描, 素描一般是指单色绘画形式。(工具多采用铅笔、木炭、钢笔、毛笔等。)运用单一的颜色通过明暗调子、线条来表现物体的特征、神态、形体、结构、运动、空间、调子、明暗、层次、主次、虚实、质感、量感、色彩感等。这种绘画称为素描。 62、什么是基本的美术素养, 基本的美术素养包括对美术的内容和现象有基本的了解;对美术的创作方法与过程有基本的了解;对美术在社会中的价值和作用有基本了解。它不仅指基本的美术知识与技能的掌握，还应具备基本的艺术态度。包括敏锐的视觉意识，对视觉现象和美术作品能做出积极地反应;能自觉而大胆的运用美术的媒材和方法表达自己的观念和情感，追求艺术化生存;能不断追 求更高的审美品位，又保持自己独特的审美趣味。 63、什么是探究学习, 探究学习即从学科领域或现实社会生活中选择和确定研究主体，在教学中，创设一种类似于学术(或科学)研究的情境，通过学生自主、独立的发现问题，实验操作，调查收集与处理信息，表达与交流等探究活动，获得知识、技能、情感与态度的发展，特别是形成探索精神和创新能力的发展的学习方式和学习过程。和接受学习相比，具有更强的问题性、实践性、参与性与开放性。 64、文艺复兴时期绘画的审美观念和主导思想有哪些 (1)文艺复兴是西欧近代史上的一场伟大的精神革命。它对西方绘画艺术乃至整个美术领域，都产生了巨大的影响。 (2)文艺复兴是以人文主义为旗帜的一场深刻的思想解放运动。它肯定人在现实生活中的价值与地位，尊重人的情感，赞美人的力量。反对宗教对人的精神束缚和思想禁锢。 3)崇尚科学精神，探求真理与知识，反对愚昧和虚伪的神学观念。 ( 65、术教学设计的关键点有哪些, (1)目标设计是否在学生需求中生成 (2)目标达成是否在尝试和探究活动中生成。 (3)环节设计是否在文本的多元中解读生成。 (4)思维激发是否在师生、生生对话中生成。 (5)教师引领是否在适度拓展中生成。 6)情感态度是否在创造中生成。 ( 66、表现派有什么特点 画面给人一种精神沉重而富有思想内涵的感受。虽也追求绘画形式的表现力，但表现派画家对现实社会的不平具有鲜明的思想倾向，或激愤地予以抨击和暴露，或以忧郁的悲悯给予同情。他们强调对生活现实的直觉感受，并通过富于情绪内涵的色彩与线条，及富有精神寓意的形象与环境表达这张直觉感受。 67、野兽派有什么特点 色彩强烈、线条粗狂、形象夸张，近于怪诞而又充满野性的风格。画家试图把色彩和形象从题材中解救出来，追求视觉上的快慰与精神上的舒适。 68、主义绘画的艺术观念和风格有哪些 背离传统，以象征、变形或抽象等艺术手法，展示主观精神和现代观念意识。通过纯粹的形式语言或抽象符号，折射、隐喻、暗含外部世界，表现悲观、扭曲、失落的思想或狂热、烦躁、激动的情绪。 69、么是绘画, 绘画是造型艺术的基本种类，它以笔、墨、砚、颜料、画刀、调色板等工具材料和形体、明暗、色彩、构图等基本手段，在纸、纺织品、木板、墙壁等平面上表现物象的形状、体积、质感、量感和空间感，使人们在视觉上可以感受艺术形象。它既是生活的反映，也是作者对现实生活的感受，同时反映了作者的思想情感和价值观。 70、中国画的三大特点是什么, 1、以线条为造型的主要手段，达到线墨色交相辉映; 2、以画开拓诗的意境，画中有诗，托物喻情; 3、将书、画、印三者融合一体，产生形意相生，形色相映的艺术效果。 4、散点透视。 71、一个优秀的教师应该学会教学设计的反思，而反思首先是能发现问题，在教学实践中，可以从哪些途径去发现问题, 要点: ? 检视教学设计后的教案与教学实际的差距，如问自己:在课堂教学中是否发现了预料之外的问题,是否利用这些问题作为教学资源了,下课后有哪些方面比较满意或有什么困惑与遗憾, ? 请自己的同事进课堂观察自己的教学，然后听取教学设计的问题。 ? 用录像的手段全程记录自己的教学，分析教学设计存在的问题。 72、古典主义有哪些美学原则 (1)以古希腊、罗马的神话、历史事件以及圣经故事为题材，表现某种哲理和社会问题，宣扬理想化的崇高境界 (2)以古希腊、罗马的雕塑和文艺复兴时期大师们的绘画为典范，塑造一种类型化的艺术形象。 (3)技巧上强调精确的素描关系和柔缓微妙的明暗色调，并注重使形象造型呈现出雕塑般的简练和概括，追求一种宏大的构图和庄重的风格、气魄。 73、从17世纪到19世纪，法国的古典主义绘画的发展经历了哪三种不同的艺术倾向 (1)以普桑为代表的崇尚永恒和自然理性的古典主义 (2)以达维特为代表的宣扬革命斗争精神的新古典主义 (3)以安格尔为代表的追求完美形式和典范风格的学院古典主义。 74、包豪斯校舍体现了那些现代建筑思想, (1)建筑的功能因素突出 2)建筑的格局变化丰富 ( (3)建筑的材料对比明显 75美术是精神创造的产品，是体现人类思想感情的意识形态。 要点:正确。 所以所有美术作品都能使人获得程度不由于美术本身就是对现实生活的全面的能动的反映， 同的由感性到理性的认识，从而有助于人们智能的形成、发展与情感、意志的培养。美术还是一种人类审美认识和审美创造的产物，它体现着社会和个人的审美观念和理想。如毕加索的《格尔尼卡》、凡高的《星月夜》、董希文的《开国大典》、王式廓的《血衣》等，这些作品都表现出画家独特的认识、感情与个性。 76下课了，教师有些教学任务还未完成，可是回答问题的学生还在滔滔不绝地发言，教师应该怎么办,要点: 一个高效的教育过程应该是师生、生生积极互动、动态生成的过程，学生的想象力往往是出乎我们意料之外，正如布卢姆所说:“人们无法预料教学所产生的成果的全部范围，没有预料不到的成果，教学也就不成为艺术了。”新课标认为某一节课的教学任务完成与否，并不影响学生的整体发展，课堂教学重要的是培育学生自我体验、自主学习能力和创新素质。为此，教师必须用动态生成的观念来控制课堂教学，随时准备适应可能出现的种种“意外因素”，“以学定教”，鼓励学生大胆发问，对学生出现的火花，教师应敏锐地抓住它并予以引燃，使意外的信息生成宝贵的教学资源，从而超越预定的目标。如果这位学生的发言很有价值，就应该让他把话讲完，相反正在该学生讲的滔滔不绝时，教师双手一拍“停”～这种“精确控制”恰恰束缚了学生的思维，削弱了学生的主体地位，与其这样还不如顺其自然，让学生自己决定应该何时结束。教为了学，教要适应学，师生互动、动态生成的教学才能促进学生的可持续发展。 77、请描述罗中立的油画《父亲》的人物形象特征～ 《父亲》一画曾获“中国青年美展”一等奖，其画面具有一种悲剧性的震撼力，表现了生活在贫困中的老农形象;古铜色的皮肤、耳朵上夹着的笔、老农开裂的嘴唇、满脸的皱纹以及手 中粗劣的碗和手上的干茧、木呐的表情等等写实的描绘，表现了老农的质朴、善良、勤劳的品性，消除了观赏者与作品之间的隔膜，画家藉此来对传统文化和民族进行反思。 78、圆雕和浮雕在制作上有和不同 浮雕是利用可雕塑的材料在平面上塑造出具有一定突起体块的形象，一般适宜从正面对作品进行欣赏。圆雕与浮雕不同，其前后、左右、上下的各个部分均要求塑造，使观者可以从作品的四周进行观看与欣赏。 79、简述凡高油画《夜间露天咖啡座》的色彩和构图特点。 《夜间露天咖啡座》的咖啡座处于画面中间偏左位置，避免了画面死板;街道延伸较长，使咖啡座处于视觉中心，使画面空间有了深远的感觉。光影随着街道的延伸，越远越暗，具有近实远虚的空气透视规律，实体形象也出现近大远小的透视规律。色彩方面，强烈的光线包围了咖啡馆的平台，远处是一片灯光昏暗的住在，晴朗的夜空发出的是弱光。寂静的、身蓝色的夜色中，咖啡座给人以阳光、明亮的感觉，表达了作者热爱生活的情感。 80、你对莫奈的《日出印象》有什么样的感受 莫奈是印象派的画家之一。这幅作品画的是画家家乡勒阿弗尔的港湾。作品表现了太阳刚升起时光辉灿烂的一瞬间。水面流光溢彩，显得生机勃勃。透过淡紫色的晨雾，港口和船只若隐若现，具有一种含蓄的抒情气息。在这幅作品中，使人倾心的不是某个物象的具体刻画，而是光和色交融的对大自然的赞美。运用短小而清晰的笔触，把不同的色彩一点点地排列上去，看上去有一种光影在颤动的效果。 81、简述康定斯基的抽象艺术理论 A、艺术类似自然、科学、政治形式，是一个自为的领域，只被自己的、仅是对于它自身的规律统治者。 B、抽象的绘画是通过心灵体验和创造的，画家用内在的眼睛看世界，抽象作品传达出事物的内在声音。 C、色彩和形都有其内在的音响，色彩是能直接对心灵发生影响的手段，认为绘画和音乐一样是完全抽象的艺术。 D、主张即兴的、无目地的、无意识的创作。 82、陶器和瓷器有和差别 (1)色彩方面:陶器胎体质地粗糙并含有少量杂质，多呈灰色、赭色、土黄色;瓷器胎体质地细腻不含杂质，光亮润泽，多为白色和淡米黄色。 (2)吸水性方面:陶器胎体不透明，质地较松，气孔率较高，故而吸水率较高;瓷器胎体呈半透明，质地坚密，气孔率较低，故而基本不吸水。 (3)烧制温度及声音方面:陶器的烧成温度较低，在800度到1200度之间，硬度较差，敲扣声音发闷;瓷器的烧制温度较高，在1200度以上，硬度较高，敲扣声音清脆。 (4)釉色方面:陶器有无釉陶和釉陶两种;瓷器表面都挂釉。 83、美术的特点 (1)、静态性 (2)可视性 (3)质、材与精神统一性 84、水彩画中水、色的相互渗化，会产生丰富的色彩变化。但学生在实践的过程中，往往不能较好地掌握用笔、用水、用色等要领。请你结合教学实际，列举学生在运用水、色的相互渗化时容易出现的问题，并提出解决的方法。 要点: 水、色相互渗化会产生丰富的色彩变化，这是水彩画技法的最主要特点。 容易出现的问题: 用笔滞、习惯来回涂、喜欢用小笔描等。 用水滥没有形，或用水少没有滋润的感觉。 用色厚不透明，用色少，干后太淡，调配颜色脏、暗、灰，用色过火。 解决的方法: 用笔;要求流畅、肯定、迅速、一气呵成。忌来回涂，要有笔触;养成用大笔处理画面;以中笔处理局部的体和面;最后用小笔画点勾线。 用水;要求饱满，进行笔中含水量不同会产生不同效果的尝试;用先湿润纸面再画的方法，使水分饱满;还可以进行水分流动的尝试，体会趁湿渗化的效果。 用色;了解水彩画要画的干净、明快，首先要熟悉各种颜色的性能;调配颜色要水多色少，为避免色彩灰暗，以两色相混为宜;慎用黑白两色。 85、两宋时期出现了哪些具有影响的文人画家,他们的艺术主张是什么, 文人画指封建时代文人士大夫创作鲜明反映他们生活理想和审美趣味的绘画。文人画艺术潮流兴起北宋，活跃于元明清时代，在中国美术史上占有显著地位。他们注重文学修养，强调主观意趣的表达，进一步注重笔墨书法因素及特定的艺术形成的追求。宋代的著名文人画家有李公麟、苏轼、文同、米芾、米友仁、扬补之、郑所南、赵孟坚等人，他们的创作和理论主张奠定了文人画发展的基础。李公麟是宋代卓越的文人士大夫画家。他精文学，善鉴别古器物，尤以绘画著称。李公麟绘画表现范围广阔，道释、人物、鞍马、宫室、山水、花鸟无所不能，且精于临摹古画。他的绘画作品塑造当时不同社会阶层的多种人物生动形象。苏轼以文学知名于世，精于书法，亦能画枯木竹石。他的绘画理论通过著述诗文题跋大量阐述，产生了较大影响。苏轼论画，重视构成艺术形象的主观方面，并在绘画中表现一种超脱世俗、富有诗味的情怀思绪，强调艺术形象的内心根据，认为仅凭技巧修养还不能构成艺术的最高境界。他认为:“论画以形似，见与儿童邻。赋诗必此诗，定非知诗人。”提出了“诗画本一律，天工与清新”的文人画艺术主张。他虽然也称赞吴道子、崔白、郭熙的艺术，但更推崇王维。苏轼较早地提出“士人画”的概念，并把它与“画工画对立起来。苏轼评画又有“常形”、“常理”之理论，以描绘山石竹木云水而表达“厌于人意”之绘画为上品。传为轼的绘画作品《木石图》反映出文人画家艺术形象更注重主观意趣的表现，并不斤斤计较形似与否。文同和米芾是与苏轼同时的重要画家，文同的“湖州竹派”与米芾的山水画风格对于文人画的发展产生了重大影响。文同是诗人兼书法家，长于墨竹。他与苏轼一样着重在绘画创作中表现主观情怀，运用书法用笔把五代以来兴起的墨竹画推向新水平，开创出了“湖州竹派”。米芾精鉴收藏，善书法，与子米友仁(1074一1153)并以画水墨云山著名，自称“墨戏”，用水墨淋漓表现江南烟雨迷蒙景色，世称“米家山水”。墨梅亦始于北宋， 扬无咎是善画墨梅的文人画家。他所画墨梅朴素无华，具有高雅绝尘的气质。传世之作《雪梅图》寥寥数笔勾出瘦硬枝杈，形象单纯而鲜明，《四梅花卷》画含苞、初开、盛开、花谢四种状态，并题词抒情，体现了士人画诗书画并重的要求 86、介绍画家莫奈的生平、艺术风格等,并举代表作品一幅作简单评述。 要点:生平介绍: 莫奈(1840—1926)是法国印象画派的创始人之一。出生于巴黎，他父亲在哈佛尔开杂货店，莫奈的童年便在哈佛尔度过，大自然陶冶了他自由自在的性格，那时他常在练习本封面上画装饰取乐，不知不觉从玩乐中积累了许多绘画技巧，十五岁时便以一个漫画家闻名于家乡。 87、什么是中国画, 中国画就是用中国的传统绘画工具,按照中国人的审美习惯而出来的画。国画有着悠久的历史和优良的传统，在世界美术领域中自成体系，独树一帜。它是我国传统文化的重要组成部分，是中华民族的宝贵财富。中国画最大的特点在于它的笔墨。 88、简述南宋四大家 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.