外科护理学试题

外科护理学 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的 括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. 烧伤病人创面大水疱，水疱壁薄，水疱下创面潮红、水肿，疼痛剧烈，其烧伤深度为( ) A.I? B.浅?? C.深?? D.?? 2. 食管癌进展期的典型症状为 A硬咽感 B(胸骨后针刺样疼痛或烧灼感 C. 进行性吞咽困难 D(消瘦、乏力 3.男性，35岁，因高热2天未进食，出现口渴、粘膜干燥、皮肤弹性下降，该病人可能出现( ) A.急性脱水 B.原发性脱水 C.继发性脱水 D.混合性脱水 4.某休克病人在输液过程中出现心慌、胸闷，测中心静脉压8cmHO，BP80,60mmHg。提2 示病人出现了( ) A.血容量严重不足 B.血容量相对不足或心功能不全 C.血管过度收缩 D.血管过度扩张 5.完全性胃肠外营养支持病人，营养液滴注过程中出现口渴、头痛、尿多，该病人可能出现 ( ) A.低血糖 B.高渗性脱水 C.水过多 D.高渗性非酮性昏迷 6.蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉术后要求病人去枕平卧4,6小时，其目的是防止麻醉后( ) A.出血 B.头痛 C.血压下降 D.呕吐物误吸 7. 手术人员刷手正确的操作方法是( ) A.每只手臂刷洗至少1分钟 B.刷手后冲洗时手指朝下 C.从手指向上刷到平肘关节处 D.刷手后无菌毛巾从指尖向上擦拭手臂 provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, 8.判断甲亢病情严重程度的重要指标是( ) A.甲状腺肿大程度 B.突眼程度 C.食欲亢进程度 D.脉率和脉压大小 9.乳腺癌病人局部皮肤出现“酒窝征”的原因是( ) A.癌肿与局部皮肤粘连 B.癌肿侵及乳管 C.癌肿侵及Cooper韧带 D.癌细胞堵塞皮下淋巴管 10.嵌顿性疝手法复位后，护士应特别注意观察病人的( ) A.生命体征 B.腹部症状、体征 C.有无呕吐 D.腹部有无肿块 11.男性，45岁，因阑尾穿孔行阑尾切除术后1周，出现体温38.7?，伴大便次数增多，里 急后重。此时最常用的检查方法是( ) A.大便常规检查 B.B超 C.腹腔穿刺 D.直肠指诊 12.溃疡病合并幽门梗阻病人的术前准备中可减轻胃粘膜水肿的护理措施是( ) A.减少进食量 B.术前给予流质饮食 C.术前3天每晚用温生理盐水洗胃 D.纠正水、电解质及酸碱失衡 13.肠梗阻病人保守治疗期间最关键的措施是( ) A.补液 B.禁食、胃肠减压 C.半卧位 D.应用抗生素 14.排便时及排便后均有疼痛发生的是( ) A.肛裂 B.肛瘘 C.血栓性外痔 D.骨盆直肠间隙脓肿 15.下肢静脉曲张病人术后早期活动主要是为了预防( ) A.关节僵硬 B.患肢水肿 C.肌肉萎缩 D.深静脉血栓形成 16.颅内压增高病人头痛的特点是( ) A.头痛部位多在顶部 B.坐位疼痛加重 C.腹压增加时头痛加重 D.早期即出现持续性头痛 17.颅脑损伤导致脑脊液漏者禁止进行的检查是( ) A.腰椎穿刺 B.颅骨X线检查 2ects approved by the increased technology,ake the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projneck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and m-ls in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid aduse of materia-ng to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and resite acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team accordi terial4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict mantrol of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. ess coeasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction procect situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and incre projruction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to th" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Constprovided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new C.头部CT D.头部MRI 18.反常呼吸多见于( ) A.多根多处肋骨骨折 B.胸骨骨折 C.开放性气胸 D.张力性气胸 19.男性，62岁。食管部分切除、食管胃吻合术后第6天，进食时出现胸痛、呼吸困难。正 确的处理方法是( ) A.休息片刻后继续进食 B.吸氧后再进食 C.嘱病人立即禁食 D.使用止痛剂 20.呼吸器辅助呼吸治疗中，为使呼气末气道压及肺泡内压维持高于大气压的水平，可调节 的指标是( ) A.气道末正压 B.呼吸时比 C.潮气量 D.同步呼吸模式 21.当咳嗽或大笑时，发生一过性的少量尿液不随意流出，称为( ) A.真性尿失禁 B.充盈性尿失禁 C.压力性尿失禁 D.急迫性尿失禁 22.可采取非手术治疗的肾损伤类型是( ) A.肾挫伤 B.严重肾部分裂伤 C.肾全层裂伤 D.肾动脉内血栓形成 23.男性，24岁。体检时发现右肾盂内结石，直径0.5cm，给予非手术治疗，护士嘱其大量 饮水，其主要目的是( ) A.预防泌尿系感染 B.稀释尿液、减少晶体沉淀 C.增加尿量，利于结石排出 D.解除尿路梗阻 24.膀胱结石的病人典型症状是( ) A.肉眼血尿 B.下腹部绞痛 C.排尿中断 D.尿频 25.诊断前列腺增生症简单而重要的方法是( ) A.B超 B.残余尿测定 C.膀胱造影 D.直肠指诊 26.膀胱癌病人最常见的症状是( ) A.无痛性全程肉眼血尿 B.尿频、尿急、尿痛 f waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology,l loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling oneck caused materia-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-per use of materials, recycling and reon site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires protructient, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the cons, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials managemrocessdget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire pds, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the bur trenal organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labouthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rationtechnology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Streng provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new"3 C.排尿困难 D.尿潴留 27.女性，60岁，因不慎摔倒造成股骨干骨折，可选用的治疗方法是( ) A.跟骨牵引 B.皮牵引 C.胫骨结节牵引 D.夹板固定 28.断肢(指)再植术后病人出现动脉危象的临床现是( ) A.皮肤发绀 B.毛细血管充盈时间延长 C.指腹饱满 D.动脉波动可触及 29.急性化脓性骨髓炎选择手术的时机为( ) A.抗生素治疗7天后 B.抗生素治疗控制局部感染后 C.抗生素治疗72小时不能控制感染时 D.转为慢性骨髓炎后 30. 确诊胃、十二指肠急性穿孔最可靠的指标是 A. 板状腹 B(肠鸣音消失 C(肝浊音界缩小 D(X光见膈下游离气体 二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。 31. 腹股沟疝根据疝环与腹壁下动脉的关系，可分为________和________两种 ________和________三个途径来维持体液的酸碱平衡。 32. 机体通过________、 33.全身麻醉是麻醉药物经呼吸道吸入或经______注射、______注射进入人体内，产生中枢神经系统抑制作用。 34. 乳癌的扩散与转移途径有直接浸润、淋巴转移、________ 35.急性阑尾炎病人最典型的症状是______，最常见的体征是______。 36.T管造影后应开放引流______天，目的是______。 37.全肺切除术后病人24小时补液量宜控制在______以内，速度以______滴,分为宜。 38.肾盂癌病人血尿的特点是______、______肉眼血尿。 39.肢体离断病人现场急救的措施主要包括包扎止血、______、______和迅速转运。 40胰腺癌好发于________。 4ects approved by the increased technology,ake the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projneck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and m-ls in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid aduse of materia-ng to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and resite acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team accordi terial4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict mantrol of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. ess coeasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction procect situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and incre projruction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to th" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Constprovided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new 41 GCS对伤者的睁眼、言语和运动三方面的反应进行记分，以总分表示________。 三、名词解释(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分) 41.丹毒 42.机械性肠梗阻 43.夏克三联征 44.中间清醒期 45.急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎 四、简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分) 46.简述胃癌病人术后的护理措施。 47.简述甲亢病人术前药物准备的目的和方法。 48.简述腰椎间盘突出症病人手术后如何避免发生废用综合征。 五、病例分析题(本大题共2小题;每小题10分，共20分) 49.男性，37岁，石油勘探工人，常年在野外工作，饮食不规律。2年前出现上腹部疼痛，多在餐后3,4小时发生，有时夜间痛，进食后可缓解。今日病人于饱餐后2小时突发上腹刀割样剧痛，迅速波及全腹，出现面色苍白、出冷汗，伴恶心、呕吐。体检:T38.9?，P96次,分，R20次,分，BP135,80mmHg;腹式呼吸减弱，全腹明显压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张，叩诊肝浊音界缩小，听诊肠鸣音减弱。 问:(1)该病人目前的医疗诊断是什么? (2)列出病人目前存在的2个主要的护理诊断,问题。 (3)该病人目前的护理措施有哪些? 50.女性，27岁，教师，婚后半年，有大便次数增多、肛门坠胀感、血便、粘液便病史2年，曾以“痔”治疗，效果欠佳。近3月上述症状加重而到医院就诊。体检:心肺正常，腹软，腹部无阳性体征。直肠指诊:距肛缘3?4cm触及一环形肿物，质硬，活动度差，退指后指套有血染。活组织检查示“直肠低分化腺癌”。 (1)应选择何种手术方式,需要做好哪些准备? (2)手术后应如何进行饮食指导, -use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-per use of materials, recycling and reon site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires protructient, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the cons, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials managemrocessdget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire pds, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the bur trenal organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labouthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rationtechnology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Streng provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new"5f waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology,l loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling oneck caused materia