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依据AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀性的新要求

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依据AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀性的新要求依据AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀性的新要求 New NADCAP Requirements for Temperature Uniformity for Vacuum Heat Treatment according to AMS 2750D NADCAP 依据 AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀 性的新要求 Janusz Kowalewski – Vice General Manager SECO/WARWICK (Tianjin) Industrial Furnaces Tianjin China...
依据AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀性的新要求
依据AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀性的新要求 New NADCAP Requirements for Temperature Uniformity for Vacuum Heat Treatment according to AMS 2750D NADCAP 依据 AMS2750D 标准对真空热处理温度均匀 性的新要求 Janusz Kowalewski – Vice General Manager SECO/WARWICK (Tianjin) Industrial Furnaces Tianjin China 亚诺 . 斯基---赛科/沃克公司天津工业炉有限公司 副总经理(注:NADCAP 是“国家航空和国防承包商认证程序”的缩写)In conjunction with constant technological development in the aerospace industry fieldthe requirements set for equipment for heat treatment have increased particularly in thearea of temperature uniformity precision the repeatability of results and the properarchivization of results. Much attention is also being given to processes for facilitatingthe attainment of the proper balance between advanced technologies and their economicaspects. This places new demands in the coming years on the suppliers of vacuumfurnaces and it creates the need to adapt furnace design to the changing requirements andexpectations of the market。配合航空工业领域技术的不断发展,对热处理设备的要求也相应提高,特 别在温度均匀性精度、热处理结果的重复能力、以及适当的其结果编档保存方面。 人们更关注设备程序上要达到技术先进,和其经济上合理的平衡。近几年真空炉的 制造商都将这些作为新的要求,迎合对炉子的改进和市场的期望,而创造出相 应的提高。The majority of world manufacturers and contractors operating in the aerospace industryare associated with the international program Nadcap which was begun in 1990 by thePRI Performance Review Institute an outgrowth of the SAE organization. Thisprogram was designated initially as NADCAP an acronym for National Aerospace andDefense Contractors Accreditation Program. Currently in order to lend the program aninternational character only the acronym Nadcap is used.航空工业方面大多数的世界 制造商和承包商在国际 NADCAP 规划下组织一起,这个组织是 1990 年由 PRI (性能审查协会)开始的,是 SAE(美国汽车师学会)派生形成的。它最初定 名为 NADCAP,是国家航空和国防承包商认证程序的缩写。现在为了借用这个程 序的国际性质,仅用其首字母缩写为 Nadcap.Within the Nadcap framework the primary manufacturers of aerospace equipment aimtoward technological development and increase the quality of products among theircontractors subcontractors by imposing strict process and procedures requirements.The Nadcap development plan establishes the total elimination of unaccreditedcontractors in this program over the course of the next few years. Growing number ofsubcontractors worldwide stimulated by new production programs e.g. the Airbus A380the Boeing 787 Dreamliner requite adaptation of strict quality procedures.在 Nadcap 的构架下,主要的航空设备制造商的目的是提高技术; 再者就是严格程序和步骤的要求,使承包商(转包商)提高产品的质量。在以后的 几年,Nadcap发展确定排除全部未经认可的承包商。受新生产规划(例如:空 客 A380 ,波音 787 梦班机)的激励,不断增加的转包商也要求其严格的质量步 骤。In the field of heat treatment the program of annual Nadcap audits is based on inspectionlist AC7102 prepared in compliance with the SAE AS7102 standard NationalAerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program -- REQUIREMENTS FORHEAT TREATING which were developed in 1993 and were revised in 1995:在热处理领域,年度 Nadcap 审查以检查 AC7102 目录为基础,遵 从 SAE AS7102标准(国家航空和国防承包商认证程序---热处理要求),其是 1993 年实施并在1995 年修改的:AS7001 National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program NADCAP - Program Description NADCAP-程序描述AS7002 National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program NADCAP- Rules for Implementation NADCAP-执行规则AS7003 National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program NADCAP- Program Operation NADCAP-程序操作 AS7101 NADCAP-Requirements for Accreditation of Materials Test Laboratories NADCAP- 对材料检测实验室条件的要求AS7102/1 NADCAP-Requirements for Heat Treating Accreditation Programs- Brazing Requirements NADCAP -对热处理鉴定程序 要求—钎焊要求AMS 2750D Pyrometry 测高温AMS2801 Heat Treatment Titanium Alloy Parts 热处理,钛合金部件AMS 3025 Polyalkylene Glycol Heat Treatment Quenchant 聚二醇、乙二醇热处理淬火 antARP1820 Chord Method of Evaluating Surface Microstructural Characteristics 评价表面显微组织特征的弦方法ARP1962 Certification of Heat Treating Personnel. 热处理人员资质Aerospace standard AS7102 defines requirements for contractors working towardNadcap accreditation in the field of Heat Treatment issued according to the followingalgorithm:航空标准 AS7102 详细说 明承包商的热处理工序要遵从 Nadcap 的要求,根据以下的运算法则发布: Contractors who are seeking to acquire Nadcap accreditation develop internal operatingprocedures based upon the recommendations of the AS7102 standard. Theserecommendations cover:希望获得 Nadcap 鉴定合格的承包商,在内部操作步骤 上要符合 AS7102 标准的建议。这些建议是: development of internal Quality System procedures 内部质量系统程序的发展 planning and inspection of Heat Treatment processes 热处理程序的计划和检测 training and evaluation of personnel 员工的 与评估 managing customer materials designated for heat treatment and safeguarding them properly 对顾客热处理材料的合理设计和维护 researching surface hardness metallographic hardness micro hardness and the like 研究表面硬度,金相硬度,显微硬 度等等 servicing inspection and maintenance of heat treatment furnaces. 热处理炉的服 务,检测和保养维修 AS 7102 标准 INTERNAL QUALITY SYSTEM PROCEDURES 内部质量系统程序 PLANNING AND INSPECTION OF HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES 热处理程序的计划和检测 TRAINING AND EVLUATION OF PERSONNEL 员工的培训与评价 MANAGING AND SAFEGUARDING HEAT TREATMENT MATERIALS 热处理材料的管理和维护 HARDNESS AND METALLOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 硬度和金相研究 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF HEAT TREATMENT FURNACES 热处理 炉的检查和维护 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS OF RELATED STANDARDS AMS2750D 相关标准的详细要求 AMS2750D In the field related directly to heat treatment furnaces requirements have been defined primarily related to: 直接与热处理 炉相关的方面,主要基本详细要求是: guaranteeing and documenting the precise heating speed the holding temperature and the cooling speed of heat-treated materials or parts 保证和归档记载:准确的加热速度,热处理材料或部件的保温温 度和冷却速 度 periodic inspection of temperature distribution uniformity in the usable area of the furnace 定期检查:使用期间炉子各个区域的温度分布(均匀性) inspection of the accuracy of the measuring system temperature sensors test tracks and reading regulating and recording equipment 检查:测量系统的精确性(温度传感器、测试轨迹和读数、 校准 和记录设备) periodic calibration of testing equipment 周期性校准:检测设备 inspection of buildup pressure increase for vacuum furnaces 检查:(由于压力增加) 真空炉的杂质 inspection of purity of cooling gas for vacuum furnaces with gas cooling 对于带有气冷的真空炉,检查冷却气体的纯度 planning of periodic prevention reviews and their scope and documentation. 定期的预防/评估计划,及其范围和文件In the area of requirements related to the accuracy of temperatureregulation and uniformity standard AMS2750 Aerospace MaterialSpecification is used most often. It was issued by SAE Society ofAutomotive Engineers in 1980. The most recent revision AMS2750Dappeared in September 2005. It introduces stricter requirements fortemperature measurement inspection and recording equipment in furnacesinstalled after September 2006.关于温度 校准精度和均匀性的要求,通常在 AMS2750(航空材料性能)标准中已经有所说 明。它是 SAE(汽车工程师学会)在 1980 年公布的。在 2005 年 9 月推出了最 近修订版 AMS2750D。在 2006 年 9 月后介绍了有关对炉子安装后的温度测量、 检查和记录仪的严格要 求。 It is worth noting that a classification for furnaces was introduced in the AMS2750D with regard to minimum requirements for temperature uniformity in the work area: 值得说明的是在 AMS2750D 里,介绍了对各级别炉子 分类、而对工 作区温度均匀性的最小要求。 Temperature uniformity ?C Furnace class 炉子分类级别 温度均匀性 1 3 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 14 6 28The equipment developed to date at standard 5oC was thus in class two. Thus furnacemanufacturers are now faced with the obligation to meet the class 1 requirements in theirstandard products.到目前为止分类在 级别 2 的炉子,其温度均匀性标准在5oC。那么,炉子制作商现在面临的任务是使 炉子的温度均匀性标准符合级别 1 的要求。 Photo. 1 Temperature distribution study in accordance with the requirements of standard AMS2750D. Seco/Warwick 10.0VPT-4050/60HV universal vacuum furnace with usable area dimensions of 36”Wx32”Hx60”L 900x800x1500mm. 照片 1 符合 AMS2750D 标准要求温度分布 的研究。赛科/沃克 10.0VPT- 4050/60HV 型通用真空炉,其有效 使用尺寸是 36”Wx32”Hx60”L 900x800x1500mm.In its revised version standard AMS2750D imposes upon furnace users the duty ofperiodically inspecting the accuracy of the temperature measuring system. The so-calledSAT System Accuracy Test tests are done with a frequency that depends upon thefurnace class and the type of measuring equipment used in it quotAquot or quotEquot. In the case ofthe vacuum furnace type classed as 2D the SAT test should be performed weekly. Endusers of vacuum furnaces from the aerospace industry are expecting a new designsolution in the area of measuring sensors recording and thermocouple feedthroughs inorder to optimizing this procedure.在 修订版里,AMS2750D 标准加强对使用者在炉子运行期间检查温度系统精确度的责 任要求。所谓 SAT 检测(系统精确度的检测),其操作检测的频率主要依据炉子 的级别和测试设备的类型(A 或 E)而定。在真空炉子类型级别分类为 2D 的情 况下,SAT 要求每周检测一次。航空工业真空炉使用者希望设计一个新检测传感器、 记录仪和热电偶馈入装置等的,这样是为了优化完善这个步骤。 Photo. 2 Dual quotSquot type thermocouple Controlling and Over-Temperature adapted to the requirements of SAT inspection procedure in compliance with AMS2750D. 图片 2 双 芯“S”型热电偶(控制和超温)适合 SAT 检测的要求,并符合 AMS2750D 标准。 Photo 2 presents one of the solutions used in Seco/Warwick furnaces. The so-calledquotnonresidentquot SAT thermocouples may be inserted at any time including during thecourse of the production process into an impermeable thermo-well built into theregulatory-safeguarding thermocouple in the illustration.照片 2 展示 1 个赛科/沃 克炉子的解决方法。所谓的“非固定”SAT 热电偶可以随时插入炉中。包括在生产过 程中插入密闭的热-井结构中,可调整-保护式热电偶。如图所示。The use of a tight cork safeguards the heating chamber of the furnace against oxidizationin the event of a mechanical failure of the thermo-well.使用密闭塞子装置在热-井结构发生机械故障事 件时,防止炉子加热室氧化。Vacuum furnaces for materials or subassembly heat treatment utilized in the aerospaceindustry should also meet the following general requirements 1:航空工业领域的真空炉对材料或部件热处理时,要符合以下常规要求 1: maximum vacuum empty and cold furnace after degassing in the range of 10-6 Torr 极限真空度(排气后空炉和冷炉)在 10-6 乇的范围 working vacuum at a level of 10-4 - 10-5 Torr 工作真空:10-4 - 10-5 乇水平, high accuracy of regulation and temperature uniformity during heating and cooling 在加热和冷却时,高精度调节和温 度均匀性 heating capacity of furnace sufficient for heating the charge through the range of temperatures of technological utilization with a speed of 20oC/min to 400C/min for example. 炉子对工件有充足的加热能力,在技术使用范围中,实际加热速度是每分 钟 摄氏 20-40 度。 cooling time of the charge from a temperature of 11000C to 540oC for example for the array of parts used in these industries at a maximum level of 6 min which is normally reached in furnaces with a cooling gas pressure of 1.5 bar abs. 例如在 炉中排列的工件,在 1.5 巴绝对压力冷却气体下,工件从温度 1100 度冷却到 540 度的冷却时间,最多用 6 分钟。 cooling of the charge with inert gas most often argon Ar with a purity of at least 99.999. 用惰性气体冷却工件,通常是纯度至少 99.999的 氩气In the figure inserted below sample results of temperature uniformity researched incompliance with AMS2750D are presented during the segments of heating and holdingat a given temperature.如下图所示,在给定温度菜单下加热和保温的工件,呈 现的温度均匀性符合AMS2750D 标准。 1050 min. Temp 6694 C max. Temp 6950 C T256 C 1000 min. Temp 7472 C max. Temp 7733 C T261 C 950 min. Temp 8587 C max. Temp 8755 C T168 C 900 850 min. Temp 901.9 C max. Temp 904.8 800 750 6 min. 700 min. Temp 900.7 C 650 max. Temp 904.8 C T4.1 C 600 550 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 .
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