经营与管理的区别

经营与管理的区别 经营与管理的区别在于。经营是对外的，追求从企业外部获取资本)项目建立自身的影响，从而获取利润;管理是对内而言的，强调对内部资源的整合和建立良好的工作秩序。经营追求的是效益——要赚钱;管理追求的是效率——控制内部成本。经营是扩张性的，要积极进取，抓住机会，胆子要大;管理是收敛性的，要谨慎稳妥，要评估和控制风险。 其次，经营与管理是密不可分的。经营与管理，好比企业中的阳与阴，“他”与“她”，必须共生共存，在相互矛盾中寻求相互统一:光明中必须有阴影，而阴影中必须有光明;经营与管理也相互依赖，密不可分。忽视管理的经营是不能长久，不能持续的，挣回来多少钱，又浪费掉多少钱，“竹篮打水一场空”，白辛苦。另一方面，忽视经营的管理是没有活力的，是僵化的，为了管理而管理，为了控制而控制，只会把企业管死;企业发展必须有规则，有约束，但也必须有动力，有张力，否则就是一潭死水。 第三，经营是龙头，管理是基础，管理必须为经营服务。企业要做大作强，必须首先关注经营，研究市场和客户，并为目标客户提供有针对性的产品和服务;然后基础管理必须跟上。只有管理跟上了，经营才可能继续往前进，经营前进后，又会对管理水平提出更高的要求。所以，企业发展的规律就是:经营,管理,经营,管理交替前进，就象人的左脚与右脚。如果撇开管理光抓经营是行不通的，管理扯后腿，经营就前进不了。相反的，撇开经营，光抓管理，就会原地踏步甚至倒退。 第四，对于企业中的具体部门或个人，经营与管理的确应当有所侧重，并根据实际情况及时调整。企业中的各类部门，各级组织是应该有and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 一个大方向的分工，有的侧重于经营，有的侧重于管理。特别是在组织的迅猛扩张期，经营与管理的分工尤为必要。 第五，经营和管理还应当同当前国际上先进的经济模式相结合，加强和利用信息产业技术给我们带来的便利，提高经营和管理的能力，使企业不断壮大和发展。 什么是经营管理? 经营管理是指在企业内，为使生产、采购、物流、营业、劳动力、财务等各种业务，能按经营目的顺利地执行、有效地调整而所进行的系列管理、运营之活动。 企业经营管理(operation and management of business):对企业整个生产经营活动进行决策，、组织、控制、协调，并对企业成员进行激励，以实现其任务和目标一系列工作的总称。 [编辑] 经营管理的基本任务 合理地组织生产力，使供、产、销各个环节相互衔接，密切配合，人、财、物各种要素合理结合，充分利用，以尽量少的活劳动消耗和物质消耗，生产出更多的符合社会需要的产品。 [编辑] 经营管理的主要内容 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 合理确定企业的经营形式和管理体制，设置管理机构，配备管理人员;搞好市场调查，掌握经济信息，进行经营预测和经营决策，确定经营方针、经营目标和生产结构;编制经营计划，签订经济合同;建立、健全经济责任制和各种;搞好劳动力资源的利用和管理，做好思想政治工作;加强土地与其他自然资源的开发、利用和管理;搞好机器设备管理、物资管理、生产管理、技术管理和质量管理;合理组织产品销售，搞好销售管理;加强财务管理和成本管理，处理好收益和利润的分配;全面评价企业生产经营的经济效益，开展企业经营诊断等。 [编辑] 经营与管理 经营与管理既有一致性，又有区别。 ?管理是劳动社会化的产物，而经营则是商品经济的产物; ?管理适用于一切组织，而经营则只适用于企业;?管理旨在提高作业效率，而经营则以提高经济效益为目标。 同时，经营是管理职能的延伸与发展，二者是不可分割的整体。在商品经济高度发达的市场经济条件下，企业管理由以生产为中心转变为以交换和流通过程为中心，经营的功能日益重要而为人们所重视。企业管理的职能自然要延伸到研究市场需要，开发适销产品，制定市场战略等方面，从而使企业管理必然地发展为企业经营管理。 [编辑] and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 经营与管理的关系 ?经营是剑管理是柄 ?管理是基础 管理始终贯穿与整个经营的过程，没有管理，就谈不上经营。 ?管理的结果最终在经营上体现出来，经营结果代表管理水平。 ?管理思想有一个相对稳定的体系，但企业的经营方法却要随着市场供应和需求因时因地而变化，但它又是靠管理思想来束缚。反过来，管理思想又要跟着经营、环境、时代、市场而调整。经营是人与事的互动，管理则是企业内人与人的互动。 ?“经营大于管理” “管理本质上是服务，是对经营的服务，因此，管理相对于经营来说是不太重要的，不要把管理看得太过重要。如果把管理看得太重要了，反而是对经营的一个伤害。” “经营是选择对的事情做，管理是把事情做对。所以经营是指涉及市场、顾客、行业、环境、投资的问题，而管理是指涉及制度、人才、激励的问题。简单地说，经营关乎企业生存和盈亏，管理关乎效率和成本。这就是两者的区别。我坚持经营大于管理，因为经营决定生死。如果做的事情本身是错的，那么不管管理做得如何好，其实都是没有意义的。我们很多企业其实管理做得并不差，差的是在经营上没有太多的变化和创新，反而在管理上不断地寻求变化。这样就导致了我们很多企业and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 管理水平远大于经营水平，而当管理水平高于经营水平的时候，只会出现企业亏损的结局，这是我最怕见到的情况。” [编辑] 经营与管理的区别 ?1.“经营”在“管理”的外延之中。通常按照企业管理工作的性质，将营销\生产称作“经营”，之外的管理内容称为“管理”。 通常对经营和管理可以这样理解，企业运营都会包括经营和管理这两个主要环节，经营是指企业进行市场活动的行为，而管理之企业理顺工作流程、发现问题的行为。 经营管理是相互渗透的，我们也经常把经营管理放在一起讲，实际情况也是经营中的科学决策过程便是管理的渗透，而管理中的经营意识可以讲是情商的体现。把经营和管理严格区分开来是误区，也是务虚的表现。 ?2.经营是对外的，追求从企业外部获取资源和建立影响;管理是对内的，强调对内部资源的整合和建立秩序。经营追求的是效益，要开源，要赚钱;管理追求的是效率，要节流，要控制成本。经营是扩张性的，要积极进取，抓住机会，胆子要大;管理是收敛性的，要谨慎稳妥，要评估和控制风险。 经营与管理是密不可分的。经营与管理，好比企业中的阳与阴，“他”与“她”，必须共生共存，在相互矛盾中寻求相互统一:光明中必须有阴and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 影，而阴影中必须有光明;经营与管理也相互依赖，密不可分。忽视管理的经营是不能长久，不能持续的，挣回来多少钱，又浪费掉多少钱，“竹篮打水一场空”，白辛苦。笔者老家四川农村有一句土话:“外面有个筢筢，家里有个篓篓”，意思是男人在外面挣钱，女人在家里也要节省，小日子才能过得红火，说的是同样的道理。另一方面，忽视经营的管理是没有活力的，是僵化的，为了管理而管理，为了控制而控制，只会把企业管死;企业发展必须有规则，有约束，但也必须有动力，有张力，否则就是一潭死水。 ?3.经营是龙头，管理是基础，管理必须为经营服务。企业要做大作强，必须首先关注经营，研究市场和客户，并为目标客户提供有针对性的产品和服务;然后基础管理必须跟上。只有管理跟上了，经营才可能继续往前进，经营前进后，又会对管理水平提出更高的要求。所以，企业发展的规律就是:经营,管理,经营,管理交替前进，就象人的左脚与右脚。如果撇开管理光抓经营是行不通的，管理扯后腿，经营就前进不了。相反的，撇开经营，光抓管理，就会原地踏步甚至倒退。 [编辑] 经营管理-制度建设 建立科学的经营管理制度 (1)建立经营管理制度的意义 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 中国企业应借鉴国外企业的成功经验，重视资产，建立科学的经营管理制度。资产是企业21世纪生存发展的必备资源，而资产的制度建设又是使资产发挥作用的必要环节。经营管理制度是资产管理的基础，没有健全的资产制度，资产管理就无章可循。 (2)经营管理制度体系 一个企业的资产制度一般涉及到技术开发管理、市场营销、工商管理、财务管理(含会计核算)、对外经济技术合作、情报信息管理、质量管理等若干领域。一般应包括:资产开发方面的管理制度，资产权益(权益的取得、维护、保护)方面的管理制度，资产对外许可、转让、合作管理制度，资产管理制度，资产投入产出考核制度、资产融资管理制度、资产评估管理制度、资产审计管理制度，资产投资管理制度等等，其制定原则是既要考虑到资产自身的发生发展的客观规律和企业的资产存量，又要考虑到资产之间的联系和管理的特殊要求。 经营管理制度是对企业资产的形成、积累、评估、管理、使用和创新整个过程的控制和管理的制度。烽/火猎头专家认为企业应根据中国的有关资产的法规和资产确认、计量等方面的准则，设立专门的机构或人员负责资产的培育和开发，根据企业自身的文化传统、技术水平、管理经验、核心业务和科技实力以及本地资源、市场、生产条件等优势培育和开发独具特色的资产。把资产的管理列入企业的财务管理范畴，由财务部门协同各专门机构对资产的投入产出效果进行管理和评价，对企业内价值高的资产进行集中、分类、管理，通过市场或非市场途径传播，使之得到消费者的理解、认同和支持，并关注其价值的变化。在使用资and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 产的同时，要建立资产的创新制度，只有不断创新才能增强竞争力。企业要重视新产品的开发，重点开发根据新的知识及发明创造，采用新原理、新技术、新等研制而成的新产品，必须重视以关键技术的创新和应用为主要职能的部门的建设。此外，要建立对从事资产的培育、开发、管理的人员的激励制度，如对研究出新成果的人员给予奖励等等。 [编辑] 经营目标的内容 企业的经营目标，按其重要性来说，可分为战略目标和战术目标。 1(战略目标的特点: (1)实现的时间较长，一般能够分阶段实行。 (2)对企业的生存和发展影响大，战略目标的实现，往往标志着企业经营达到了某一个新的境界，与过去有明显的变化。 (3)其实现有较大的难度和风险。 (4)对各级经营管理层有很大的激励作用。 (5)实现这一目标需要大量的费用开支。 [编辑] 经营管理职能 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 经营管理职能包括五个方面的内容，即战略职能、决策职能、开发职能、财务职能和公共关系职能。 (一)战略职能 战略职能是企业经营管理的首要职能。因为，企业所面对的经营环境是一个非常复杂的环境。影响这个环境的因素很多，变化很快，而且竞争激烈。在这样一个环境里，企业欲求长期稳定的生存与发展，就必须高瞻远瞩，审时度势，随机应变。经营管理的战略职能包括五项内容:经营环境分析、制定战略目标、选择战略重点、制定战略方针和对策、制定战略实施规划。 (二)决策职能 经营职能的中心内容是决策。企业经营的优劣与成败，完全取决于决策职能。决策正确，企业的优势能够得到充分的发挥，扬长避短，在风险经营环境中以独特的经营方式取得压倒的优势，决策失误，将使企业长期陷于困境之中。 (三)开发职能 开发不仅仅限于人、财、物，经营管理的开发职能的重点在于产品的开发、市场的开发、技术的开发，以及能力的开发。企业要在激烈的市场竞争中稳操胜券，企业就必须拥有第一流的人才，第一流的技术，制造第一流的产品，创造出第一流的[[市场竞争力]]。只有企业在技术、人才、产品、服务、市场适应性方面都出类拔萃 ，企业才能在瞬息万变的市场竞争中，得心应手，应付自如。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation (四)财务职能 财务过程，是指资金的筹措、运用与增殖的过程。财务职能集中表现为资金筹措职能;资金运用职能;增殖价值分配职能以及经营分析职能。企业经营的战略职能、决策职能、开发职能，都必须以财务职能为基础，并通过财务职能做出最终的评价。 (五)公共关系职能 企业同它赖以存在的社会经济系统的诸环节保持协调，这种同外部环境保持协调的职能，被称为社会关系职能或公共关系职能。公共关系的内容包括:企业与投资者的关系，与往来厂商的关系、与竞争者的关系、与顾客的关系、与职工的关系、与地区社会居民的关系、与公共团体的关系、与政府机关的关系。 [编辑] 经营思想 经营思想，是指贯穿企业经营活动全过程的指导思想，它是由一系列观念或观点构成的对经营过程中发生的各种关系的认识和态度的总和。具体地表现为六个观念。 1(市场观念。市场是企业实现商品价值的场所。树立市场观念，就是要以市场为导向，面向市场、适应市场;创造需求、培育市场。 2(用户观念。树立顾客至上，用户第一的服务观念。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 3(竞争观念。 4(创新观念。 5(开发观念。 6(效益观念。 [编辑] 经营哲学 经营哲学，是指经营者对经营过程中发生的各种关系发展变化的规律性认识和树立的信念。经营哲学的核心是价值观。人们往往以为企业既然是一个以盈利为目的的商品生产者，其价值观当然应当是追求最高利润，这是绝对荒谬的。任何时候，利润目标都不应是企业第一的目标，更不是唯一的目标。利润是企业维持其生存和发展所不可缺少的。没有利润企业就不能发展，甚至也不能生存。企业存在必须盈利。 [编辑] 经营目标的内容 一、企业的经营目标的分类 企业的经营目标，按其重要性来说，可分为战略目标和战术目标。 1(战略目标的特点: (1)实现的时间较长，一般能够分阶段实行。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation (2)对企业的生存和发展影响大，战略目标的实现，往往标志着企业经营达到了某一个新的境界，与过去有明显的变化。 (3)其实现有较大的难度和风险。 (4)对各级经营管理层有很大的激励作用。 (5)实现这一目标需要大量的费用开支。 2(战术性目标的特点。战术性目标是战略目标的具体化。它的特点是: (l)实现的期限较短，反映企业的眼前利益。 (2)具有渐进性。 (3)目标数量较多。 (4)其实现有一定的紧迫性。 3(战略目标的基本内容。每个企业在其发展的不同历史时期，均有其不同的战略目标。其基本内容，不外有三个方面: (1)成长性目标。它是表明企业进步和发展水平的目标。这种目标的实现，标志着企业的经营能力有了明显的提高。成长性指标包括:销售额及其增长率、利润额及其增长率、资产总额、设备能力、品种、生产量。其中销售额与利润额是最重要的成长性指标。销售额是企业实力地位的象征，而利润额不仅反映了企业的现实经营能力，同时也表明了它的未来发展的潜力。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation (2)稳定性目标。它表明企业经营状况是否安全，有没有亏损甚至倒闭的危险。稳定性指标包括经营安全率、利润率、支付能力。 (3)竞争性目标。它表明企业的竞争能力和企业形象。具体包括市场占有率、产品质量名次。 二、目标体系 企业的经营目标是分层次的。 第一层，是决定企业长期发展方向、规模、速度的总目标或基本目标。 第二层，中间目标，分为对外与对内目标。对外目标包括产品、服务及其对象的选择、定量化，如产品结构、新产品比例、出口产品比例等;对内目标就是改善企业素质的目标，如设备目标、人员数量、比例目标，材料利用、成本目标等。 第三层，具体目标，即生产和市场销售的合理化与效率目标。如劳动生产率、合理库存、费用预算以及质量指标等。 三、制定经营目标的作用与原则 (一)经营目标的作用 1(突出重点，抓主要矛盾。它能指明企业在各个时期的经营方向和奋斗目标，使企业的全部经营活动突出重点，抓住主要矛盾。而且也为评价企业各个时期经营活动的成果确定了一个标准，以便减少盲目and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 性，使企业的决策层能够保持清醒的头脑，把压力变成动力，引导企业一步一步地前进。 2(协调各项经营活动。通过总目标、中间目标、具体目标的纵横衔接与平衡，能够以企业总体战略目标为中心，把全部生产经营活动联成一个有机整体，产生出一种“向心力”，使各项生产经营活动达到最有效的协调。有利于提高管理效率和经营效果。 3(团结全体职工。通过自上而下和自下而上的层层制定目标和组织目标的实施，能够把每个职工的具体工作同实现企业总战略目标联系起来，提高人们的主动性和创造性，开创出“全员经营”的新局面。 (二)制定经营目标的原则 1(抓关键，即目标的关键性原则。这一原则要求企业确定的总体目标必须突出企业经营成败的重要问题和关键性问题，关系到企业全局的问题，切不可把企业的次要目标或小目标列为企业的总体目标，以免滥用资源而因小失大。 2(可行，即目标的可行性原则。总体目标的确定必须保证如期能够实现。因此在制定目标时必须全面分析企业各种资源条件和主观努力能够达到的程度，既不能脱离实际凭主观愿望把目标订得过高，也不可妄自菲薄不求进取把目标订得过低。 3(定量化，即目标定量化原则。订立目标是为了实现它。因此，目标必须具有可行性，以便检查和评价其实现程度。所以，总体经营目标必须用数量或质量指标来表示，而且最好具有可比性。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 4(一致，即目标的一致性原则。就是总体目标要与中间目标和具体目标协调一致，形成系统，而不能相互矛盾，相互脱节，以免部门之间各行其是，互相掣肘。 5(激励，即目标的激励性原则。经营目标要有激发全体职工积极性的强大力量。因此，目标要非常明确，非常明显，非常突出，具有鼓舞的作用，使每个人对目标的实现都寄予很大的希望，从而愿意把自己的全部力量贡献出来。 6(灵活，即目标的灵活性原则。经营目标要有刚性。但是，企业经营的外部环境和内部条件是不断变化的，因此，企业的经营目标也不应该是一成不变的，而应根据客观条件的变化，改变不切时宜的目标，根据新形势的要求，及时调整与修正企业的经营目标。 [编辑] 经营计划 企业的经营计划，是指为实现企业经营目标而编制和执行的，指导企业全部生产经营活动的综合性计划。它是企业经营思想、经营目标、经营方针的进一步具体化，是企业全体职工的行动纲领。 (一)、经营计划的特点 1(经营计划具有决策性。它是以企业作为相对独立的商品生产者和经营者为前提，根据企业外部环境和内部实力制定和编制的，它直接关系到企业的生存与发展。 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation 2(经营计划具有外向性。它与社会、市场和用户有着密切的联系，其基本目的就是实现企业与外部环境的动态平衡。并获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。 3(经营计划具有综合性。它的基本内容既包括市场调查、预测、生产、销售，也包括技术、财务和后勤，是指导企业全部生产经营活动的纲领。 4(经营计划具有激励性。它把国家利益、企业利益和职工个人利益有机结合起来，形成一股强大的动力，能激励企业全体职工为之而奋斗。 (二)企业经营计划的任务 1(把经营目标具体化。 2(分配各种资源。 3(协调生产经营活动。 4(提高经济效益 and other bad habits. Implementation to grab at the front, the maximum possible for jobs initiative to achieve efficient service. To carry forward the meticulous, detailed style. In the Office is no small matter. Business services a small mistake, it is possible to order at its meetings disrupted the entire, feedback on the content and timing a bit negligent, it could work in a passive position, slightly poor reception, may affect the image of a place and unit. Therefore, the Office staff with a high degree of professionalism and responsibility, serious and responsible, meticulous, careful to do everything to ensure that globalSmoothly. To carry forward the hard work, honest style. Adhere to the "Ning public and poverty, is not private and rich" old adage, bearing in mind the purpose of serving, consciously resist the erosion of various corruption and self-discipline, integrity, do not take leadership on behalf of the Office for personal affairs, not banner of leading organs of self-serving, and always maintain and carry forward the fine style of hard work, thrift and career, be honest and upright. Comrades, Government Office work task is glorious, a great responsibility. Hope the city's system of Government Office around the overall situation, pay attention to implementation of work in the purpose, give full play to staff aides, integrated and coordinated implementation, supervision, service functions, close contact, strengthen coordination, collaboration, efforts for grass-roots leadership services, service, quality and level of services for the masses to push to a new level. 2003 annual summary meeting of the Office of the municipal government reports on innovation