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用学日语 あ ＞ ～ ., ～ . a UFA bank on the corner. そのかどにUFA銀行。 equal amounts of positive and negative charge on each surface. major differences in XRD～ a 20% increase ～ These materials an advantage of processing temperatures, which are compatible with the sintering requirements. The dielectric values were measured to a K of ～10 for 650M powder composite. MPB composition in the BNT-BKT system has been reported to in the range of 16-20 at% BKT. is characteristic with all ferroelectric relaxor materials, the temperature～ not detected by x-ray diffraction, TEM has shown a second phase is a conductive phase. Fig.1 shows that compositions with x>0 had either initiated or completed crystallization after 5 min at 500 ?, those with x<0 were still amorphous after the same treatment. copper should be sufficiently ～, additional measures were taken to ～ These and other studies provided useful information,a detailed explanation of the physical phenomena has not been generally provided in the literature. Some of these phases are hygroscopic, the ceramics to swell and disintegrate in air. The AMP inhibition could be distingushed from ATP～ they depend primarily on ～ This is a tedious method. The negative charge contributed by X to the complex is not available for metal ～ there is ～. the properties ～ (これらの図から明らかでように、～） the material appears～ It/Is is much greater than ～ No significant band gap shift was caused by the InP/Si substrate structure, by the spectral response. （図から） (from these micrographs) a dense～ porosity in the～ that以下であることも明らかだった。 clearly from this figure + 文 Li et al. single crystal can be grown ～ Observation of the ceramics little growth had occurred. Results on the PMN composition M.P.B.may exist near this composition. Various data the reaction products～ Additional experiments the structure modification could be achieved only in a relatively ～ Tanaka et al. the preparation can lead to ～ our capacitors have a retention lifetime. (これまでに) (previously) the piezoelectric～ A linear relation between E and P in these figures. This figure a decrease in the magnitude of P with increasing t. This is a volume change that may translate～ the firing process, contraction took ～ ～ the surrounding materials the firing process. heating for 10h, the samples had had a Lotgering factor ～ This will be discussed . This two major results: the permittivity is ～, and loss is low. The piezoelectric properties of (Li0.12Na0.88) as: Qm=3200, d33=30 and Tc=430?. This conclusion that PMN samples that have been ～ The textured samples were translucent, which clean grain boundaries and a high density. the near MPB composition 0.8BNT-0.18BKT was processed and evaluated. pyrochlore formation is most to be due solely to PbO evaporation. Ordered microstructures after annealing PMN ceramics. higher solid loading suspension could be developed ～ Piezoelectric phenomena exhibited by piezoelectric crystals, polarized polymers, and composites are used in a number of electromechanical transducer applications, including vibration, pressure, and stress sensors, as well as hydrophones. ある種の圧電結晶や分極後高分子、そしてコンポジットによって現れる圧電現 象は、～に用いられている。 The of for non-180 domains are measured The for both forms was found to increase with increasing t. The obtained Jsc of 24.9 mAcm2 for the InGaAs cell in the InP/Si substrate is large enough to current match (InP/Si基板上のInGaAsセルで得られた24.9 mA-cm2というJscは～) Neutron powder diffraction data at the Swedish Research Reactor. ～ indicated that good were consistently obtained for ～ ～ was observed this temperature. excite gas the central regions ～辺りの地域に in the area ～ ～辺りの組成に in the compositions ～ ～ for equivalent times, by Fig.4(d). These trends Tanaka et al., who reported that 1 mol% Sr decrease ～ The results indicate that grain size tends to increase with sintering temperature These numbers are those reported earlier for this system around MPB composition. This is also Eq.(6. これは式６とも一致している。 This value is a=10.599A measured by Bhrout and Wartz. ～ indicated that good were consistently obtained for ～ the previous studies, no evidence was observed～. These results are those of electrical experiments The TGG process the nucleation～ The strength of sintered ceramics has been shown to be highly porosity . operating conditions, a turbine sometimes receives some water droplets instead of steam. The temperature of dielectric constant was measured～ 依存性(組成依存性)＞ Fig.1 Curie temperature of PbTiO3 with BiFeO3. This that very small changes appear ～ Poor conductivity and a granular microstructure that these can be as ～ The physical of C2 is that it is equal to the changes ～ Since ～,～ Since 1991, ～ Since the late 1960s, when transparent PLZT～ On the other hand, ～ ～ Seemingly, ～ またはApparently, ～ this result is unexplained. Among the composites studied , the simplest types are the ones with 0-3 connectivity. （今までに研究されたコンポジットの中で、最もシンプルなタイプは0-3結合のもの） diffraction work on PMN has indicated～ Energies of 5eV are not～ ～then decrease 75? for B-2 550?, there is no further mass loss，～ At 100? and above, the losses decreased to ～1.0% and～ The apparent decrease in density for specimens sintered at may be attributed directly to ～ Hot pressing was required at temperatures, Weight loss due to PbO volatility was limited to the dielectric maximum, the square hysteresis loops are typical of a normal ferroelectric with long-range dipole coupling. the permittivity of the ordered samples exhibits diffuse and frequency-dependent behavior characteristic of a relaxor type response. However,, the ordered compositions show A direct measurement of the residual pressure was not possible certain values. ～ reduce the substrate cost the thermodynamic transformation ～ Also, both the dielectric constant and tand loss maxima towards higher temperatures with increasing frequncy, which～ the FE-AFE phase transition temperature is a difficult problem. The phase transition corresponding to FEo phase to FEt phase by ionic substitutions. The intensity relationships of the banda are approximately the same for these bromo and chloro complexes the trans-dihalo complexes. Stoichiometric amounts of PbO, MgO, and Nb2O5 were mixed in methanol～ Dextrin acts as a protective colloid, the precipitate highly dispersed. There is difficulty in keeping grease in the joint when it is heated with a burner. PZT ceramics and piezoelectric composites are poled in an oil bath a large dc electric field. The reaction mixture at a temperature a little ～ The heat of reaction the temperature above 60? for about 5min. In other words, ～ researchers studied piezoelectric materials ～ For simultaneously ferroelectric-ferroelastic materials, there ia a correspondence between switching by stress and electrical field. As discussed , it remains an open～ work on our sol-gel PZT has shown that ～ It is thinking about the types～ The of these observations for this atudy ia as follows. Piezoelectric phenomena exhibited by piezoelectric crystals, polarized polymers, and composites are used in a number of electromechanical transducer applications, including vibration, pressure, and stress sensors, as well as hydrophones. ある種の圧電結晶や分極後高分子、そしてコンポジットによって現れる圧電現 象は、～に用いられている。 move at the speed（一定のスピードで移動する） （一般に） ( generally ) The growth process by the difference in surface free energy between the template and the matrix grains during thermal processing. further by the observation that small perovskite reflections were found by XRD～ the limitations of the experimental technique, the latter scenario is not believed to apply to the present specimens. the composites studied so far, the simplest types ～ Barium titanate from TAM chemicals as high-purity grade. Grain sizes as low as 0.3,m Extremely electrical properties In this case, heat treatment at 1300 ? for 24h completely 1:1 ordered samples for all values of x. The obtained Jsc of 24.9 mAcm2 for the InGaAs cell in the InP/Si substrate is large enough to current match (InP/Si基板上のInGaAsセルで得られた24.9 mA-cm2というJscは～) This is shown in the x-ray-diffraction pattern in Fig.9. In Fig.10, an x-ray-diffraction pattern of a PZT film is shown. The x-ray-diffraction pattern of the capacitor showed that the PZT～ An X-ray diffraction trace of the same surface-ground sample after annealing at 500 ? is shown in Fig.2. Fig.4 shows X-ray diffraction traces from fracture ～ Figure 1 shows the X-ray patterns of samples with some selected compositions. Figure 1 shows the X-ray patterns of samples. An X-ray pattern and characteristics of powder obtained by this method is given in Fig.1 and Table II correspondingly. （～ら、 読み方はand others, 通常はイタリックで記述、主に人名に使用する） Tanaka et al. have investigated～ ＞ (～その他、 読み方はエトセトラやand the rest, 通常はイタリックで記述、主に物の場合に使用する） 例）Book, pen, etc. PZT is used for piezoceramics. from our results in Table 2 ～ both Kand T decrease～ this transition occurs at temperatures ～ ～ pyrochlore formation is most to be due solely to PbO evaporation. 同類、発展形） , etc. で、（～は～だ）と断定する事。 This problem more investigation and is still open to discuss. (この問題はさらなる研究が必要であり、いまだに議論の余地がある。） It is considered that ～が、「～と思われる。～と考えられる。」というのは、日本人英語 によくある間違い。 これを使うと、「（著者も含めて）世間一般に考えられている」という意味でNativeに受け取られる。 analysisusing diffractometer. A preliminary study on the simplifired ～ Electroding by sputtering gold, followed by～ Dielectric measurements on an automated system, whereby a temperature-control box and LCR meters were controlled by a desk-top computer system. Measurements using a LVDT at 1Hz frequency. In accordance with a structural model proposed earlier, attempts also to refine a structural model ～ The TEM studies on an microscope～ / The measurement at 1kHz. Ceramic fabrication by adding 3wt%～ Microwave dielectric measurements by a transmission technique.（実験を実施した） Final sintering of the ceramics at a temperature of 1225-1250 ? for 1h. The present investigation to further our understanding of ～ In order to this task, ～ To this, we used a commercial ink jet printer～ The specimens various analyses ～ Three essential issues from the results: (i) whether rhombohedral or cubic symmetry applies at 300 K; (ii) given the evidence in favor of rhombohedral symmetry, which of R3m or R3c symmetry is appropriate at both 300 and 10 K; and (iii) tha nature of the coordination of the lead ion inPMN. Tanaka pointed out that modification of BNT with BS better piezo properties. This change by an increase in the magnitude of the permittivity and the temperature of the permittivity maximum. Eq. (1), r0 andr are～ the corona poling technique, charge from the corona ～ This is due to a combination of effective vibro-milling, ～ a more important observation from a technological perspective is that ～ The samples in a test chamber, which could be operated between -180 and +250?. Likewise, ～ A procedure was utilized in the～ / ～ , as shown for materials. These compositions formed elemental Pb～ as ～ as BAs recently as 2001, ～ 2001年と同じように最近 A as well as B Bと同様にA The properties of samples vacuum-sintered material were recorded. 吸引焼結材と同様の試料の特性が記録された。 (大きさが) comparable ( in magnitude ) to ～ frequency, the Tm behavior shows ～. operating conditions, a turbine sometimes receives some water droplets instead of steam. The price varies the number of options the customer selects. Ferroelectricity KNbO3 was first discovered by Matthias. approximately （aboutよりも堅い語） / いくぶん、やや somewhat / 正確に、精密に accurately ～, which is twice the strain response of a ramdom～ Moreover, attempts to refine site occupancy factors did not lead to improved agreement indices. This is lower than Ts. 顕著な改善 marked improvement // remarkable improvement // significant improvement Ceramic specimens were sintered at 1100? to more than 95% of theoretical density. The density of the samples is 4.25. ～ High-density ceramics within the system lithium-sodium niobate ( a partial phase diagram for which is shown in Fig.1 ) support high sound velocities and exhibit electromechanical properties for high-frequency filter applications. The determining factor was the accuracy of the balance. chiefは「ある集まりの中でもっとも重要な、偉い？～」とい う感じ There is no induction period between the first evolution of gas and the acceleration of the reaction. mainは「ある集まりで中心的な～」という感じ The allicins and sulfides are presumed to be the source of aroma and flavor of allium species. principalは「ある集団の中で主力な～」という感じ ～ melting point either higher or lower than that of the component. majorは「主要なとか主流の～」という感じ have been made so far to evolve a simple fabrication technique ～ have been made to explain the ～ the particles on the films were sufficiently thin to ～ The relaxation phenomenon in ferroic materials has been investigated by researchers. 0-3 composites are similar to PVDF polymer. The loss factor of the piezoelectric PMN-30%PT is for the electrostrictive PMN-10%PT. In both cases, the induced polarizations under application of E are significantly those of for a "hard" PZT ceramic. The of kp at room temperature is of the ～. The most important criterion is of the evaporating alkali metals above 1140 ?. A of Pr for B-5 can be explained～ In addition, the electromechanical properties of KNN to those of PZT and ～