CAD制图入门教程

CAD制图入门教程 一、窗口介绍 熟悉工作界面是提高绘图效率的基础，CAD的显示界面与Windows的其他应用软件相似，整个绘图窗口共包括: 1、标栏和菜单栏:屏幕的顶部是标题栏，如果刚刚启动CAD或当前图形文件尚未保存，则出显示Drawing 。紧贴标题栏的是菜单栏，系统默认有十一列下拉菜单，菜单栏的右边是绘图窗口的操作按钮。 2、工具栏:常用的有:?工具栏;?对象特性工具栏;?绘图工具栏;?修改工具栏 3、绘图窗口:在CAD工作界面上，最大的空白区域就是绘图区，也称为视窗，用户只能在绘图区绘制图形。绘图区没有边界，利用视窗缩放功能，可使绘图区无限增大或缩小。当光标移至绘图区域内时，便出现了十字光标和拾取框。绘图区的左下角有两个互相垂直的箭头组成的图形，这有可能是CAD的坐标系(WCS)，也可能是用户坐标系(UCS)。 4、命令行提示区:命令行用于接受用户的命令或参数输入。命令行是用户和CAD进行对话的窗口，通过该窗口发出的绘图命令与使用菜单命令和单击工具栏按钮等效。在绘图时，应特别注意这个窗口，输入命令后的提示信息，如错误信息、命令选项及其提示信息，都将在该窗口中显示。。 5、状态行:显示当前图形的绘制的状态，如光标的坐标，捕捉、栅格、正文等功能的开关状态。 二、窗口元素的定制 1、工具栏的定制方式:A:视图?工具栏，选择所需工具栏后 ?关闭。 B:在任意工具栏上点击右键，点击所需工具栏名称，即可打开或关闭相应工具栏。 2、命令行和绘图窗口的定制:A:工具?选项?显示，在此选项卡中可改变命令行和绘图窗口的大小、颜色、字体等，也可将其全部恢复为系统缺省值。 B:将光标称至命令行窗口上边框，当鼠标箭头成双向箭头时，按住鼠标左键上下拖动即可改变命令行窗口行数。(F2快捷键:命令行和文本窗口的切换。) 状态行开关按钮的选项定制:在按钮上右击鼠标?设置。 F6键则在坐标显示中切换，控制坐标显示特性。 三、新建图形文件 (1)文件?新建 (2)标准工具栏?新建 (3)命令:New (4)利用启动对话框新建文件，该对话框有四个选项卡: ?打开:打开原有图形文件(“文件”?打开) A、选择“以只读方式找开”，只能读取，不能修改。 B、选择“局部打开”，用户可在“要加载几何图形的图层”列表框中选择需要打开的图层，CAD将只显示所选图层上的实体。 注:局部打开使用户有选择地打开自己所需的内容，以加快文件装载速度。特别在大型工程项目中，通常使用局部找开功能，局部打开功能只能使用户一次打开一个图形文件。 ?缺省设置:初学者首选，中国用户采用公制单位。 ?使用样板:该对话框的[选择样板]列表框内有一些CAD已定义好的文件*.dwt。每模板都分别包含了绘制不同类型的图形所需的基本设置。 ?使用向导:A、快速设置:有单位、区域两个选项，确定绘图单位类型和绘图区域的长和宽。 B、高级设置:包含快速设置，在该对话框中，有单位类型、角度尺寸的单位及精度、角度测量的起始方向、角度测量的方向、指定按绘制图形的实际比例单位表示的宽度和长度。 四、保存图形文件 使用计算机绘图必须经常存盘，初学者应养成随时保存的习惯，以免由于突然事故(如死机、断电)等而造成文件丢失。 如果要将当前图形存盘:(1)可单击“文件”菜单?保存。 (2)单击标准工具栏中“保存”按钮。 (3)在命令行输入“SAVE”命令。 也可在绘图时设置自动存储时间，让系统自动按时存储文件，避免文件丢失。可以用下面两种方式设置: ? 在命令行输入:savetime ? “工具”菜单?选项?打开和保存 CAD默认的的文件扩展名为*.DWG。 五、键盘及鼠标按键定义 AutoCAD为用户提供了直接方便的菜单和工具按钮操作方式，同时，它还针对其本身的特点和命令形式，定义和增加了一些新的键盘功能，具体说明如下: ? 鼠标:在CAD中，通常左键代表选择，右键代表确定。 ? 空格键:可代替回车键，用来标志一条命令输入的结束。 ? Esc:用来取消或中断命令 ? PageUp和PageDown:分别代表增加或减少每按一次键光标移动的步长。 ? 子命令的键盘输入法:用户在命令行输入命令后，CAD会提示用户输入该命令的下级选项。一般来说，子命令中均有一个大写字母，用户只需输入这个字母，就可以执行子命令。对于有多个子命令选项的CAD命令，系统会提供一个缺少命令，用“<>”来表示。如果要执行该缺省命令，只需回车即可。 四、CAD还定义了一些功能键和组合键，用来快速访问和启动某些常用命令。下面列出了功能键及组合键的缺省设置。 F1 激活帮助信息 F2 在文本窗口与图形窗口间切换 F3 切换自动目标捕捉状态 F4 切换数字化仪状态 F5 切换等轴测面的各方式 F6 切换坐标显示状态 F7 切换栅格显示 F8 切换正交状态 F9 切换捕捉状态 F10 切换极坐标角度自动跟踪功能 F11 切换目标捕捉点自动跟踪功能 Ctrl+Z 连续撤消刚执行过的命令，直至最后一次保存文件为止 Ctrl+X 从图形中剪切选择集至剪贴板中 Ctrl+C 从图形中复制选择集至剪贴板中 Ctrl+V 将剪贴板中的内容粘贴至当前图形中 Ctrl+O 打开已有的图形文件 Ctrl+P 打印出图 Ctrl+N 新建图形文件 Ctrl+S 保存图形文件 Ctrl+K 超级链接 Ctrl+1 显示或关闭目标属性管理器 五、绘图环境: 模型空间与图纸空间: 模型空间，就是创建工程模型的空间，为用户提供广阔的绘图区域，二维和三维图形的绘制与编辑工作都是在此模型空间下进行的。 图纸空间，侧重于图纸的布局，在这个空间用户几乎不需要再对任何图形进行修改编辑，只用于调整图纸布局，以级打印输出。 其区别主要在于:前者是针对图形实体空间，而后者则是针对图纸布局而言。 建议用户在绘图时，先在模型空间进行绘制和编辑，在上述工作完成后，再进入图纸空间内进行布局调查直至最终出图。 第二课 AutoCAD二维基本绘图及编辑命令 一、绘制直线 直线是图形中最常见、最简单的实体。使用直线工具可以画多条相连线段，但其中每一条线段都彼此独立。 启动,ine命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“直线”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Line”或简捷命令“L”并回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择直线命令。 启动“,ine”命令后，子命令“,”为取消最近绘制的直线，“,”为将最后端点和最初起点连线形成一闭合的折线。 二、绘制圆 启动Circle命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“圆”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Circle”或简捷命令“C”并回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择圆命令，在其级联菜单中选择一种绘圆方法。 1、用圆心和直径方法画圆:这种方式要求用户输入圆心和直径。 2、用三点方式画圆:三点画圆方式要求用户输入圆周上的任意三个点。 3、用两点方式画圆:该方式通过确定直径来确定圆的大小及位置，即要求确定直径上的两端点。 4、用相切、相切、半径方式画圆:当需要画两个实体的公切圆时，可采用这种方式。该方式要求用户确定公切圆相切的两个实体以及公切圆的半径。 提示:采用TTR方式画公切圆时，通常要利用自动捕捉相切点的方法分别捕捉两个实体和要画的公切圆的相切点。 注意:(1)在[指定圆的半径]提示符后，如果输入的半径太小，可能这个公切圆不存在，CAD将报告错误信息。 (2)如果选择的第一个目标实体和第二个目标实体是两条平行线，即使所输入的半径值为两平等线之间垂直距离的一半，CAD也认为不存在公切圆。 (3)在二维平面内，只要所选择的两条直线不平行，CAD就认为这两条直线之间一定存在公切圆。如果用户输入的半径合适，公切圆将相切在直线之间;如果输入的半径值太大或太小，公切圆将相切在两直线(或延长线)的交点处。 5、用相切、相切、相切方式画圆:当需要画3个实体的公切圆时，可采用这种方式。该方式要求用户确定公切圆和这个实体的相切点。 三、绘制弧线 弧是图形中重要的实体，CAD2000提供了多种不同的画弧方式，这些方式是由起点、方向、中点、包角、终点、弦长等控制点来确定的。 启动Arc命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“圆弧”工具按钮。 在命令行输入Arc并回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择圆弧命令，在其级联菜单中选择一种绘制圆弧方法。 1、用三点方式画弧:该方式要求用户输入弧的起点、第二点和终点。弧的方向由起点、终点的方向确定，顺时针或逆时针均可。 2、用起点、圆心、端点方式画弧:当已知弧的起点、圆心和终点时，可选择这一画弧方式。给出弧的起点和圆心之后弧的半径就可以确定，终点只决定弧的长度。弧不一定通过终点，终点和圆心的连线是弧长的截止点。 3、用起点、圆心、角度方式画弧:这种方式要求用户输入起点、圆心及其所对应的圆心角角度。 4、用起点、圆心、弦长方式画弧:弦是连接弧的两个端点的线段。沿逆时针方向画弧时，若弦长为正，则得到与弦长相应的最小的弧;若弦长为负，则得到最大的弧。 5、用起点、端点、角度画弧:在此方式下需要输入弧的起点、终点和角度以确定弧的形状及大小。 6、用起点、端点、半径方式画弧:使用起点、端点、半径方式，用户只能沿逆时针方向画弧。若半径值为正，则得到起点和终点之间的短弧;若半径值为负，则得到长弧。 7、用起点、端点、方向方式画弧:该方式中，方向是指弧的切线方向，该方向用角度表示。弧的大小由起点、绺之间的距离及弧度所决定。弧的起始方向与给出的方向相切。 8、画弧的其他方式:除了以上所介绍的种画弧方式外，还有下面4种方式也可绘制圆弧。 (1)用圆心、起点、端点方式画弧(CSE) (2)用圆心、起点、角度方式画弧(CSA) (3)用圆心、起点、长度方式画弧(CSL) (4)从一段已有的弧开始继续画弧:在已绘制圆弧的基础上，单击“绘图”菜单，选择画弧?继续，可绘制出两段首尾相连的圆弧。 四、绘制椭圆 椭圆与圆的差别在于，其圆周上的点到中心的距离是变化的，在CAD中，椭圆的形状主要用中心、长轴和短轴3个参数来绘制。 启动Ellipse命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“椭圆”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Ellipse” 或简捷命令“EL”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择椭圆命令，在其级联菜单中选择一种绘制方法。 1、通过定义两轴绘制椭圆:通过先定义一个轴的两端点，即确定椭圆的一根轴，再定义第三点，由此点可确定椭圆的第二根轴的长度。 2、通过定义长轴以及椭圆转角绘制椭圆:需要首先定义出椭圆长轴的两个端点，然后再确定椭圆绕该轴的旋转角度，从而确定椭圆的位置及形状。椭圆的形状最终由其绕长轴的旋转角度决定。若旋转角度为0?，则将画出一个圆;旋转角度最大值为89.4?，若大于此角，椭圆看上去像一条直线。 3、通过定义中心点和两轴端点绘制椭圆:椭圆的中心点确定后，椭圆的位置便随之确定，再为两轴各定义一个端点，便可确定椭圆形状。 4、绘制椭圆弧:使用CAD可方便地绘制出部分椭圆，即椭圆弧。其绘制方法与椭圆相似，先创建一个椭圆，然后要求用户在已有椭圆上确定椭圆弧的起始点和终止点，即可得到椭圆弧。 五、绘制矩形 启动Rectangle命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“矩形”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Rectangle” 或简捷命令“REC”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择矩形命令。 启动Rectangle命令后，CAD在命令行给出操作提示，现将各选项说明如下: (1)[第一个角点]:确定矩形的第一个角点。 (2)[倒角]:设置矩形四角的倒角及倒角大小。 (3)[标高]:确定矩形在三维空间内的基面高度。 (4)[圆角]:设置矩形四角为圆角及其半径大小。 (5)[厚度]:设置矩形厚度，即Z轴方向的高度。 (6)[宽度]:设置线条宽度。(如果设置的线条宽度为0，CAD将根据当前图层的缺省线型宽度来绘制矩形。) 注意:(1)设置倒角、标高、圆角、厚度、宽度后，CAD将所设置参数当前值设为默认值，直至用户设置新的数值为止，所以更改以上参数后，应更改回原系统缺省值，缺省值为0。 (2)用Rectangle命令画出的矩形，其四条边是一条复合线，不能单独编辑，若要使其各边成为单一直线进行分别编辑，需使用Explode(分解)命令。 六、绘制正多边形 由多条(3条以上)线段组成的封闭图形即多边形。使用Polygon命令最多可以画出由1024条边构成的等边多边形。 启动Polygon命令,可以用下,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“正多边形”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Polygon” 或简捷命令“POL”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单，选择“正多边形”命令。 1、用内接法画正多边形:假设有一个圆，要绘制的正多边形每个顶点都落在这个假想圆的圆周上。这种画法需提供正多边形的3个参数:一是边数;二是外接圆半径，即正多边形中心至每个项点的距离;三是正多边形的中心位置。 2、用外接法画正多边形:假设有一个圆，正多边形与之外接，即正多边形的各边均在假设圆之外，且各边与假设圆相切。这种画法需提供3个参数:正多边形边数、内切圆圆心和内切圆半径。 提示:正多边形的边数存储在系统变量POLYSIDE中，当再次执行polygon命令时，[输入边的数目<当前值>]提示的当前值将是上次所给的边数。 3、由边长确定正多边形:这种边长需提供两个参数:正多边形的边数和边长。如果需要画一个正多边形，已知其边长或使之一角通过某一点，则适合采用这种方式绘制。 七、绘制点 启动Polyline命令,可以用下面,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“点”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Point” 或简捷命令“PO”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?“点”命令。 在CAD中可以定制点的类型，用户可以极其方便地得到自己所需要的点，可以通过以下两种途径定制点的类型。 1、单击“格式”菜单?“点样式”命令。 2、在“命令”提示符后输入“DDPtype”并回车。 提示:在“绘图”菜单的点命令级联菜单中，列出了4种点的操作方法，A、画单个点;B、连续画多个点;C、画等分点;D、测定同距点。 八、绘制圆环 绘制圆环时，用户只需指定内径和外径，便可连续选取圆心，绘出多个圆环。 启动Dount命令,可以用下面2种方法之一: 在命令行输入“Donut” 或简捷命令“DO”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?“圆环”命令。 将圆环内径设为0，可绘出一个实心圆。 系统变量FILLMODE用来控制所绘制的圆环是否为实心。当FILLMODE=1时，圆环为实心;当FILLMODE=0时，圆环为空心。 第三课 AutoCAD二维基本绘图及编辑命令 一、绘制多段线 通过绘制多段线，可以得到一个由若干直线和圆弧连接而成的折线或曲线，各段线条还可以有不同的线宽，并且整条多段线都是一个实体，可以统一对其进行编辑。 启动Polyline命令,可以用下面,种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“多段线”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Pline” 或简捷命令“PL”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?多段线。 启动“polyline”命令后，CAD会给出操作提示，下面分别介绍这些选项。 (1)[圆弧(A)]:可以画圆弧方式的多段线。选择该选项后，重新出现一组命令选项，用于生成圆弧方式的多段线。选项序列中各选项意义如下; [角度(A)]:该选项用于指定圆弧的内含角。 [圆心(CE)]:为圆弧指定圆心。 [方向(D)]:取消直线与弧的相切关系设置，改变圆弧的起始方向。 [直线(L)]:返回绘制直线方式。 [半径(R)]:指定圆弧半径。 [第二点(S)]:指定三点画弧。 (2)[闭合(C)]:当多段线的宽度大于0时，若想绘制闭合的多段线，一定要 选择[闭合]选项，才能完全封闭，否则，会出现缺口。 (3)[半宽(H)]:用于指定多段线的半宽值。 (4)[长度(L)]:定义下一段多段线的长度。 (5)[宽度(W)]:用于设置多段线的宽度值。 注意:起点宽度值均以上一次输入的值为缺省值，而终点宽度值则以起点宽度为缺省值。 三、徒手画线 在绘图时，有时需要绘制一些不规则的线条，利用Sketch命令，可以徒手画图，通过在屏幕上移动光标画出任意形状的线条或图形，就像笔直接在图纸上绘制一样。 启动Sketch命令,可以用以下1种方法: 在命令行输入Sketch 回车。 Sketch 命令所画出的线条，实际上是由许多很小的直线段组成，这些直线段的长度可以通过记录增量(Record increment)控制，记录增量的系统默认值为1.00。 提示:用户使用的记录增量越大，绘出的手画线越不圆滑，但如果使用的记录增量太小，则图形中会很快增加大量的直线段，最终导致图形文件过大。因此，用户就选择合适的记录增量。 指定记录增量后，命令行出现下列选项，其含义如下: 1、[画笔]:控制抬笔或落笔，是一个切换开关。 2、[退出]:结束Sketch命令，并将刚才绘制的草图记录到图形中。 3、[结束]:退出Sketch命令，但不记录刚才所绘草图。 4、[记录]:记录所绘草图，但不退出Sketch。 5、[删除]:删除未记录的线段，如果笔原来处于落下状态，此选项可使其抬起来。 6、[连接]:落笔，并从上次草图的终点继续绘制。 四、参照线 参照线又称构造线，是两端无限延长的直线，一般为辅助绘图线条。 启动Xline命令,可以用下2种方法之一: 在命令行输入“Xline” 或简捷命令“XL”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?“构造线”命令。 启动该命令后，命令行中各选项含义如下: 1、[水平]:生成水平构造线 2、[垂直]:生成垂直构造线 3、[角度]:生成特定角度的构造线 4、[平分线]:此选项生成一条二等分用户输入角度的构造线 5、[偏移]:用于生成一条偏移指定直线一定距离的构造线 五、射线 射线是单向无限延长的构造线，一般为辅助绘图线条，射线具有一个确定的起点并单向无限延伸，在绘图时通常采用对象捕捉射线的第一点，再定义第二点形成射线。 启动Ray命令,可以用以下2种方法之一: 在命令行输入“Ray” 回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?“射线”命令。 utoCAD 绘制一条射线并继续提示输入通过点，这样可以创建多条射线。起点和 通过点定义了射线延伸的方向，射线在此方向上延伸到显示区域的边界。按 ENTER 键结束命令。 六、多线 多重平行线也叫多线。在绘图时，可以通过定义多线样式，绘制多种类型多线。 启动Mline命令，可以用以下种方法之一: 在“绘图”工具栏上，单击“多线”工具按钮。 在命令行输入“Mline” 或简捷命令“ML”回车。 单击“绘图”菜单?“多线”命令。 启动该命令后，命令行中各选项含义如下: (1)[起点]:在此选项中绘制多线，只有使用闭合选项才能绘制完全封闭的多线。 (2)[对正]:A、[上]:在光标下方绘制多线，因此在指定点处将会出现具有正偏移量的直线。 B、[无]:将光标作为原点绘制多线，因此 MLSTYLE 命令中“元素特性”的偏移 0.0 就在指定点处。 C、[下]:在光标上方绘制多线，因此具有负偏移量的直线将会出现在指定点处。 (3)[比例]:比例用来控制多线的全局宽度。这个比例基于在多线样式定义中确定的宽度。比例因子为 2 绘制多线时，其宽度是样式定义的宽度的两倍。负比例因子将翻转偏移线的次序:当从左至右绘制多线时，偏移最小的多线绘制在顶部。比例因子为 0 将使多线变为单一的线段。 (4)[样式]:A、[样式名]:指定已加载的样式名或者是在用户创建的库文件 (MLN) 中已定义的样式名。 B、[?]:列表显示已加载的多线样式 七、多线样式的编辑 启动Mlstyle命令，可以用以下种方法之一: 在命令行输入“Mlstyle”回车。 单击“格式”菜单?“多线样式”命令。 1、可在对话框中设置多线的元素特征，包括多线的元素添加、删除、线型、线色的设置等内容。 2、可在对话框中设置多线特征，多线的连接以及填充等内容。 注:已使用的多样样式，不能更改。 八、多线的编辑 启动Mledit命令，可以用以下种方法之一: 在命令行输入“Mledit”回车。 单击“修改”菜单?“多线”命令。 在“修改?”工具栏上，单击“多线编辑”工具按钮 在弹出的对话框中可以选择对多线进行修改的工具，其中有:十字闭合、十字打开、十字合并、T形闭合、T形打开、T形合并、角点结合、添加顶点、删除顶点、单个剪切、全部剪切、全部接合。 八、绘图时对象的动态拖动 绘图时对象的动态拖动，由系统变量Dragmode的参数决定，其作用是通过实时拖动鼠标改变对象的形状或大小。 启动Dragmode后，命令行中各选项含义如下: [开]:启动拖动方式，以保持各个命令对它的可使用性。 [关]:停止使用拖动方式。 [自动]:自动启动拖动方式，以便由支持它的各个命令所使用。 第四课 辅助绘图工具 一、理解X，Y坐标系(笛卡尔坐标系) 几何和三角中通过X轴和Y轴来建立图形，然后在图纸上标出 坐标。Y X坐标轴，标有X的箭头指向X轴的正方向，其含意是，当按箭头方向移动时，X坐标值增大;标有Y箭头指向Y轴的正方向。用这种方法，屏幕上的所点都能通过X和Y坐标来说明，这种坐标称为笛卡尔坐标系。 笛卡尔坐标系统Cartesian Coordinate System简称CCS。 在屏幕底部状态栏中显示的三维坐标值，就是笛卡尔坐标系中的数值。 X、Y、Z轴的三轴线的相交点(0，0，0)也称为原点。X轴的左方和Y轴下方点的坐标值为负数。 二、世界坐标系统 世界坐标系统(World Coordinate System),简称为WCS。 WCS是CAD的基本坐标系统，它由3个相互垂直并相交的坐 标轴X、Y和Z组成。在绘制和编制图形的过程中，WCS是缺省坐标系统，其坐标原点和坐标轴方向都不会改变。 WCS在默认情况下，X轴正方向水平向右，Y轴正方向垂直向上，Z轴正方向垂直屏幕平面向外，指向用户。坐标原点在绘图区左下角，其上有“+”号时，表明当前视点正处在原点(X轴和Y轴相交处0，0)，并且图标上有“W”时，表明用户处在WCS坐标系统中(否则用户处于UCS)之中。 注意:WCS一般只用于绘制二维图形，其原点不变，在XOY平面上绘制工程图形时，只需输入X，Y轴坐标，Z轴由CAD自动赋值为0。 三、用户坐标系统 CAD提供了可变的用户坐标系统(User Coordinate System),简称为UCS。 UCS主要用于立体绘图，原点可以随时变动，可利用UCS命 令对坐标轴进行旋转、移动。 在缺省情况下，UCS和WCS相重合。当在原点上有方框标记时，表示用户现在处于WCS之中，否则，用户处于UCS中。 四、坐标的输入方法: (一)绝对笛卡尔坐标(Absolute Coordinate) 绝对坐标是以原点(0，0，0)为基点定位所有的点。绘图区内的任何一点均可以用(x,y,z)来表示，用户可以通过输入X、Y、Z坐标来定义点的位置。 绝对坐标的输入方法:X、Y、Z。例:假如上一操作点的坐标是(5，10)，通过键盘输入下一点的相对坐标(@12,8)，则等于确定了该点的绝对坐标为(5+12，10+8)，即(17，18)。 绝对坐标和相对坐标都属于二维线性坐标。 (三)绝对极坐标Absolute Polar Coordinate 绝对极坐标均以原点为极点，极坐标是通过相对于原点的距离和角度来定义的。 在系统缺省情况下，CAD以逆时针方向来测量角度。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.