A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee 中国茶文化和西方咖啡文化之研究.doc

A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee 中国茶文化和西方咖啡文化之研究.doc ( 2013 届 ) 论文题目A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea (英文) and Western Coffee 论文题目中国茶文化和西方咖啡文化之研究 (中文) 学院 继教(公开)学院 专 业 商务英语 班级 准考证号 作者姓名 指导老师 完稿时间 2013年5月6日 成绩 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee Abstract: With the increasing trend of global economic development, China and western countries have attached importance to the development of all kinds of cultures from different regions. The cultures absorb and improve mutually, enjoying the pleasure and happiness from cultural communication and economic development. For example, Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture. China is the birthplace of tea which extends five-thousand-year history, and has been acting an important role in Chinese people’s life. Coffee is also very popular in any times or stages in western society, and is a part of their daily life. This paper mainly makes an introduction to tea culture, coffee culture and their influences. By the comparison between tea culture and coffee culture from the perspectives of history, beliefs, values and atmosphere, the paper aims to make people better understand the difference between Chinese culture and Western culture, and gives the representative examples of Chinese tea culture and Western coffee culture so as to prove the further positive fusion of economic development and the cultural communication between China and Western countries. Key words: Chinese tea culture; western coffee culture; cultural communication 中国茶文化和西方咖啡文化之研究 摘要: 伴随世界经济的无国界发展,中国与世界各地的国家和地区不断地深入交流和 发展,各样的西方文化如潮水涌入具有五千年历史的中华古国,而中华之国粹也向世界 展示着传播着。本文就中国几千年的茶文化和西方的咖啡文化作出研究, 通过阐述西 方咖啡文化和中国茶文化的不同历史、信仰、价值观和氛围的不同来找出可以融会贯 通的地方，向人们更好地介绍中国和西方的文化的差别和相似之处, 及其举例论证中 国的茶文化和有代性的西方国家咖啡文化的融会贯通在中国和西方国家的经济发 展、文化交流的积极影响。 关键词:中国茶文化;西方咖啡文化;文化交流 ii A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee Contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 1 2. Chinese tea and western coffee.......................................................................................... 1 2.1 Origin of Chinese tea and western coffee .................................................................... 1 2.1.1 The origin of Chinese tea ................................................................................ 1 2.1.2 The origin of western coffee ........................................................................... 2 2.2 Classification and benefits of Chinese tea and western coffee .................................... 2 2.2.1 The classification and benefits of Chinese tea ................................................ 2 2.2.2 The classification and benefits of western coffee ........................................... 3 2.3 Cultural characteristics of Chinese tea and western coffee .......................................... 4 2.3.1 The cultural characteristics of Chinese tea ..................................................... 4 2.3.2 The cultural characteristics of western coffee ................................................ 4 2.4 Belief of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture ............................................. 4 2.4.1 The belief of Chinese tea culture .................................................................... 5 2.4.2 The belief of western coffee culture ............................................................... 5 2.5 Values of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture ............................................ 5 2.5.1 The values of Chinese tea culture ................................................................... 5 2.5.2 The values of Western coffee culture.............................................................. 6 2.6 Atmosphere of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture ................................... 6 2.6.1 The atmosphere of Chinese tea culture ........................................................... 6 2.6.2 The atmosphere of western coffee culture ...................................................... 7 3. A comparison of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture ...................................... 7 4. Fusion of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture ................................................. 8 4.1 The affection of Chinese tea culture in western society............................................... 8 4.2 The affection of western coffee culture in China ......................................................... 9 5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 10 Works Cited ......................................................................................................................... 10 iii A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee 1. Introduction The study of cultural context in communications between Chinese and Western is very important because “culture is communication and communication is culture”(Samovar and Richard 3rd). “Anthropologists define culture as any human behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted” (王桂珍 169). China is truly the hometown of tea. All tea used in the world now is from China originally. Chinese tea culture has the same long history as Chinese culture.The development of the tea stands for a culture, which shows the characteristics of Chinese people. Coffee is as important for westerns as tea for Chinese, also stands in a very important position in western countries. It also shows the features and culture of the western people. Tea and Coffee, the representatives of the east and the west, are not just two kinds of drinks, but symbols of two cultures which belive people of their own greatly history. In China, there is an goes saying: “Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day”(陈风 等 4). Though tea is the last one on the list, we still can see the importance of tea in daily life of Chinese people. In west, people also say: “If I’m not in the coffee house, I will be on the way to the coffee house”(陈风 等 4) .Although it is a simple joke, it also reflects the real life of western people. In modernize time, Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture caused rapid economic development, and tea and coffee become not only drinkable, but also an important conduit of communication,people can make friends by the table in a tea house or coffee house, friends can promote feelings while drinking tea or coffee, businessmen can make business transactions from the tea table or coffee table. In western countries, tea is normally consumed at social events, and in China, coffee is extensively enjoyed. The paper will detail introduce the classification, cultural characteristics, belief, values and atmosphere of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture,comparing their difference and similarity then find the key point to melded to each other for promote the cultural communication between China and western counties. 2. Chinese tea and western coffee Tea and coffee is ordinary in modern daily life, but they have own section of interesting history. In addition, they are related with the cultural, economic, political, international trade closely, they are the representations of cultural communication. 2.1 Origin of Chinese tea and western coffee Everything has its birthplace,especially for the long and mysterious history of Chinese tea and western coffee. 2.1.1 The origin of Chinese tea “Tea was discovered by Shennong and became popular as a drink in the State of Lu because of Zhou Gong”(陆羽 2).According to the legend, Shennong, tasted hundreds of wild plants to see which were poisonous and which were edible, so that prevent people from eating the poisonous plants. It is said that he was poisoned seventy-two times in one 1 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee day but was saved by chewing some tender leaves of an evergreen plant blossoming with white flowers. Since he had a transparent belly, people could see how the food moved throughout his stomach and intestines. When they saw the juice of the tender leaves go up and down in the stomach as if it were searching for something, they called it “cha”, meaning search in Chinese(陆羽6). Later it was renamed “cha” having the same sound of the present one and create into being. 2.1.2 The origin of western coffee Coffee drinking story spread around the world is one of the greatest and most romantic in history. It starts in the Horn of Africa, in Ethiopia, where the coffee tree probably originated in the province of Kaffa. There are various fanciful but unlikely stories surrounding the discovery of the properties of roasted coffee beans. One story has it that an Ethiopian goatherd was amazed at the lively behaviour of his goats after chewing red coffee berries. What we know with more certainty is that the succulent outer cherry flesh was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia, through the great port of its day, Mocha, now synonymous with coffee. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier than that(林莹 毛永年 3). 2.2 Classification and benefits of Chinese tea and western coffee Tea has thousands of classification that is one way to classify based on degree of fermentation of the tea.However, coffee’s classification trends to classify from its steam component. 2.2.1 The classification and benefits of Chinese tea Chinese tea can be classified in different ways. According to degree of fermentation system, Chinese tea can be roughly divided into: green tea, yellow tea, white tea, oolong tea and black tea. The degree of fermentation ranges from low to high(金玖廷 等 12). Green Tea Green tea has the largest output in China. It is the unfermented tea and has the longest history. Green tea is made by simply but carefully heating the leaves which must be kept green and unbroken while they are being heated.Green tea helps with anti-aging and prevents computer radiation and bad breath. White Tea White tea belongs to one of the slightly fermented tea. It is the specialty of China and is made through withering and arefaction.White tea helps enhance immune function and protects the heart and blood vessels. Oolong Tea Oolong tea is a kind of green tea which is a half-fermented tea between black tea and green tea. Typical oolong tea leaves are green in the middle and red on the edges as a result of the process to soften tea leaves. Oolong tea is helpful in anti-aging, reducing high blood pressure, lowering the cholesterol, preventing coronary heart disease and aiding digestion. Black Tea Black tea is totally different from green tea and is a kind of completely fermented tea. It named black tea, for the tea liquid and tea leaves are reddish black. The black tea tastes sweet and can facilitate the fostering of yang energy in human body and erase the greasiness of the stomach. Also, it warms the stomach and helps with digestion. It is a good choice in cold seasons. It is quite good for losing weight. In summer or warm climate, tea seems to dispel the heat and bring on instant coolness 2 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee together with a feeling of relaxation. Medically, the tea leaf contains a number of chemicals, of which 20-30% is tannic acid, known for its anti-inflammatory and germicidal properties. It also contains an alkaloid (5%, mainly caffeine), a stimulant for the nerve centre and the process of metabolism. Tea with the aromatics in it may help resolve meat and fat and thus promote digestion. It is, therefore, of special importance to people who live mainly on meat, like many of the ethnic minorities in China(李晓燕, 梁肖露 20). Tea is also rich in various vitamins ,for smokers, it helps to discharge nicotine out of the system. After wining, strong tea may prove to be a sobering pick-me-up. 2.2.2 The classification and benefits of western coffee Coffee is a excellent substance, but sometimes it is difficult to understand the precise differences between different varieties. Discover those distinctions below. Blue Mountain Coffee The Blue Mountains are generally located between Kingston to the south and Port Maria to the north. The climate of the region is cool and misty with high rainfall.The soil is rich with excellent drainage. This combination of climate and soil is considered ideal for coffee.Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is a globally protected certification mark meaning that only coffee certified by the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica can be labeled as such. It comes from a recognised growing region in the Blue Mountain region of Jamaica and its cultivation is monitored by the Coffee Industry Board of Jamaica. Coffee Latte “Latte” is from the transliteration of the Italian. Coffee latte simply referred "coffee with milk". It's is a coffee beverage consisting strong or bold coffee (sometimes espresso) mixed with scalded milk in approximately a 1:1 ratio(林莹 毛永年 15). Cappuccino A cappuccino differs from a coffee latte in that it is prepared with much less steamed or textured milk than the coffee latte with the total of espresso and milk/foam making up between approximately 150 ml and 180 ml. Cappuccino is a coffee-based drink prepared with espresso, hot milk, and steamed milk foam. A cappuccino is traditionally served in a porcelain cup, which has far better heat retention characteristics than glass or paper. The foam on top of the cappuccino acts as an insulator and helps retain the heat of the liquid, allowing it to stay hotter longer. Coffee Mocha Coffee Mocha is a variant of a coffee latte. Like a latte, it is typically one third espresso and two thirds steamed milk, but a portion of chocolate is added, typically in the form of a chocolate syrup, although other vending systems use instant chocolate powder. Mochas can contain dark or milk chocolate. In the U.S. it usually refers to a cappuccino made with chocolate. According to Aofort report of coffee and health, “Coffee appears to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis of the 3 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee ndliver, and gout” (2).But some scientific studies said that excess coffee consumption may lead to a magnesium deficiency or hypomagnesaemia, and may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease.We should be take the circumstances into consideration when drinking coffee. 2.3 Cultural characteristics of Chinese tea and western coffee Different ethnic have different spirit and customer, tea and coffee played an important role from orient time to now. 2.3.1 The cultural characteristics of Chinese tea Tea is an important part of the traditional Chinese culture. With the social development and progress, tea has not only played a good role in driving the development in the economy, but it has also become a necessity in people’s lives. Moreover, it has gradually developed into a resplendent tea culture and has become a bright pearl of the spiritual civilization of China’s society. The emergence of the tea culture brings the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a higher level. Tea has an extremely close relationship with culture, covers a wide field and has very rich content. It not only has the embodiment of spiritual civilization, but it also has the extension of the ideological form. There is no doubt that it is beneficial in enhancing the cultural accomplishments and artistic appreciation of people. Chinese tea was exported by land and sea, first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia, in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea was exported to Europe, where the upper class adopted the fashion of drinking tea. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and china, is an outstanding contribution to the world's material and spiritual civilization(杨江帆 83). 2.3.2 The cultural characteristics of western coffee Coffee has played an important role in many societies throughout history. In Africa and Yemen it was used in religious ceremonies. In the 17th century it was banned in Ottoman Turkey for political reasons. In Europe it was once associated with rebellious political activities. Today, trade in coffee has a large economic value. Coffee is an important export commodity for many countries; in 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for twelve of countries, and in 2005, it was among the world's top fifteen legal agricultural exports in value. From 1998 to 2000, 6.7 million tons of coffee was produced annually and forecasts predict that production will rise to 7 million metric tons annually by 2010(杨江帆 24). 2.4 Belief of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture Tea more close with Buddhism, Buddhism pursuit “clearness’’ “Respect” “Joy” 4 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee “Truthfulness”. But coffee is trends to Islam which following free, fair and independent. 2.4.1 The belief of Chinese tea culture When talking about Chinese tea culture, attention is often paid to its relationship with Buddhism (陈君慧40). Tea culture was closely tied to earthly reality and society, while Buddhism stressed ultimate enlightenment and paradise. Chinese tea culture mainly stressed the love of life and optimism, while Buddhism emphasized the importance of suffering as a mean enlightenment. Historically, China has resembled a large smelting furnace, in which foreign thoughts and ideas needed to be melted in or blended with the rest of the culture before they were able to grow on their own. In spite of this, the policy towards foreign cultures was open and magnanimous, especially in the Tang Dynasty, when the tea culture was created. It was during the Tang Dynasty that Buddhism was integrated into tea culture. 2.4.2 The belief of western coffee culture Islam forbids drinking, so they choose coffee to place the beverage(张箭 3).Islamism's role as "support for identity, authenticity, broader regionalism, revivalism, revitalization of the community". The first coffeehouses were opened in Mecca and were called 'kaveh kanes'. They quickly spread throughout the Arab world and became successful places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged, and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. They were luxuriously decorated and each had an individual character. Nothing quite like the coffeehouse had existed before: a place where society and business could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where anyone could go, for the price of coffee. 2.5 Values of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture Tea complex made and need more patient, Chinese people favor enjoy the making progress. Therefore, coffee is simple and fast to finish then reach relax quickly at anywhere. 2.5.1 The values of Chinese tea culture China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. “The tea ceremony is a media etiquette of life, is also considered as a way of self-cultivation, enjoy tea, enhance friendship, cultivate moral character, learning ritual, is a very useful ceremony”(梁朵 4)，we pay more attention to our behavior. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. “In many tradition customers of Chinese to offer tea is a etiquette of every Chinese people know”(张忠良，毛先颉 16). Tea is grown in the humid place and tea making is very complex. Chinese tea products blend of the main varieties are green tea, black tea, white tea, scented tea, Oolong tea, and so on. Each tea processing is not the same. Each kind of tea has its own tea service. 5 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee In fact, in the process of making tea, the water in the first time should be abandoned. The real taste of tea has been tasted through two or three procedures. What is called “first time is bitter, second time is sweet, the third time is aftertaste.” In the influence of tea culture, Chinese people are very peaceable, who advocate "hedge between keeps friendship green” “Peace is precious.” The Chinese people regard stability is the kingly way in their life. Like making tea, a cup of tea should be bubbled exactly, the Chinese think a job should be done exactly until success is achieved. And the Chinese advocate that the younger must work hard so that the life will be perfect in the middle age and the life experience is unforgettable in the old age. 2.5.2 The values of Western coffee culture Different from the Chinese, the westerners advocate life is coffee. If things become boring, abandon it and start a new one, like bubble coffee, which taste not strong as the first time, pour it and boil a new cup. This characteristic of the westerners is strongly influenced by the coffee culture. Coffee grows in hot and more raining places, such as Brazil, Colombia. Their attitude to the life and the others is very passionate, even to strangers they will say hello. On the other hand, rationalism is another characteristic of the westerners. This also reflects in the coffee culture. The requirement of coffee beans, the temperature of water, and the vessels are very strict. For instance, the boiled water contains moderate carbon dioxide, which adds the scent to the coffee. But keeping the water boiling will decrease the amount of carbon dioxide. The appropriate temperature is 95?, too low temperature cannot release the coffee taste completely, and high temperature will make the components of coffee go bad.Coffee focuses on the relaxation with people in spare time, getting together is more important than the coffee itself(吴彦柏 45). 2.6 Atmosphere of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture Tea house can built a peace and silence atmosphere which make people far from the noisy world and release pressure effectively. And coffee make people more active and creation. 2.6.1 The atmosphere of Chinese tea culture A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. The Chinese people snatch a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. In beauty and quiet scene, you may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to 6 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience of savoring tea. 2.6.2 The atmosphere of western coffee culture Coffee includes caffeine. Lots of people believed that it is the caffeine that produces all the effects that coffee has on the body. Coffee increases the pulse rate, which means it stimulates the heart, and the muscles can thus work harder. Coffee makes the stomach work more actively, which is worthwhile for healthy people, especially when drunk after a heavy meal. The blood vessels in the brain open wider so that flow smoothly, and this removes some of the poisonous substances from the brain. And coffee taken in the evening seems to stimulate the mind and the imagination. Wherever at club, rest coffeehouse or office, coffee always produce different effects on the body in different place. 3. A comparison of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture Tea is a gentle beverage requiring preparation and time to sip. The pace is always slow, calm and tranquil, the beverage soothing. On the other hand, the coffee culture can be fast paced and frantic. Images of people in lines at the drive-through talking into microphones and driving around buildings to pick up huge paper cups of the daily special come to mind. For the people in China, they enjoy a cup of tea without adding anything, but the people in western countries prefer to have a cup of coffee with some sugar in it so that it will not such bitter and it can enjoy its perfume better. The implication of Chinese tea culture is broad and profound and it is the unity of the material and spiritual wealth. The characteristics of western coffee culture are enthusiastic, bold and unrestrained liberty concise. Tea and coffee are called two kinds of culture drinks in the world. Coffee stands irreplaceable status in the West, whether in schools, companies, shopping malls or homes. In China, tea is deeply rooted in people’s lives which are not only a kind of drink, but also a symbol of Chinese culture. So, tea and coffee represent the two different cultures in the world. China is the birthplace of tea culture and tea in people’s daily life plays a significant role. Similarly, the coffee is equally important to western countries, especially in the British, they often say, if we are not drinking coffee, coffee shops may become ornaments, although it is a joke, it is a true portrayal of western life style. On breakfast, eating tasty croissants, a cup of milk and coffee are really a kind of enjoyment. After work, drinking a cup of coffee can make us relaxed and comfortable. At night, especially after a big meal, drinking a cup of coffee can help us digest. China and Western are two great nation, both of them have persistent pursuit that is exploring each other’s sublimation into their own cultures. Chinese tea ceremony emphasizes on tasting, coffee emphasizes on characters and 7 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee a mood of the environment. Today, tea culture and coffee culture are seeking a kind of elegant, relaxing and meditation way of life. 4. Fusion of Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture It is obvious that Chinese tea culture and western coffee culture have much in common. People in the eastern or western countries accept these two cultures. And they can exist at the same time in different cultural background. They can promote the economic development and the cultural communication between China and Western countries 4.1 The affection of Chinese tea culture in western society Tea drinking is culture，now knowledge in China even all over the world. Western countries’ languages "tea" is mostly from the dialect pronunciation of "tea". It can be said that China gave the name of the world's tea, tea knowledge, tea cultivation and processing technology, and the word of tea is in relation with the Chinese tea directly or indirectly. We can see the affection from the symbol counties: the United States and British. The United States is known as the coffee Kingdom, tea consumption accounted for second place, behind coffee, it is amazing. There are hundreds of species of Chinese oolong tea, green tea on the market in the United States, but many are canned iced tea. This also highlights the American do not want to waste time and motion dumping tea leaves for brewing tea, efficiency, convenience, they are favor drink instant tea. This is different with Chinese people appreciate the "inner alchemy", tea has been divorced from the diet as a form of state, has significant social, cultural functions, the Chinese tea culture clues. The tea is a traditional popular drinking in Britain of every 10 people then 8 people drink tea. British drink tea, began in the mid-17th century, the Portuguese Princess Catherine married in 1662 Charles II of England, tea drinking habits took into the Royal. Princess Catherine as the tea for bodybuilding drinks, addicted to tea, esteem tea so that she was named Tea Queen, due to her advocacy and promotion, the tea began to flourish in the court, and then extended to the nobility and the ordinary people(矶渊猛 47). Women were first introduced to tea on a wide scale when Lyon's tea house opened and not only served women tea, but even hired stylish young women to serve it. This provided a place for women, accompanied by a male escort, to go and visit with one another in an acceptable atmosphere. Women were also served tea in the London tea gardens of the early 1730's. Tea gardens were outdoor gardens with flowered walks and music for dancing. Each year the country consumed nearly 20 million tons of tea, accounting for 20% of the world's tea trade in the West countries(杨江帆 34), Britain have no produce tea, while the per capita consumption of tea accounts for the first in the world, therefore, the import amount of tea located header for long-term in the world, mostly from China and India. 8 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee 4.2 The affection of western coffee culture in China In comparison, coffee is just an infant in China. It was a little over a hundred years ago when a French priest introduced coffee to southern China’s Yunnan Province. It briefly caught the attention of the bustling city of Shanghai during the 1930s, but the long war and revolution that followed left it a drink fit only for westerners. It returned briefly in the mid-1960s when the government, encouraged by coffee’s cash crop opportunities, cultivated thousands of hectares of coffee crops again in Yunnan. The quality of the coffee was lacking, it failed to sell, and the effort was abandoned. In the 1980s, there was a third attempt(郑万春 14). The world’s largest food company, Nestle, introduced instant coffee to China. It is the beginning of popularity of coffee in China. Instant coffee is more common as it is quicker, and strangely “baby bottles” of water which are carried around and sucked on every five minutes. It is convenient for people to enjoy coffee anywhere anytime. With the Sino-Foreign economic development push the coffee culture spread in China rapidly. Starbucks, headquarter located in Seattle and found in 1971, is the largest coffee multiple shop in the world. John Culver, president of Starbucks, expressed hope that China will become the largest country outside the United States in 2015, and will be set up 1500 rdstores in China mainland, from 2011 SME Summit of 2011APEC(星巴克3).Usually, large numbers of foreign business cooperation are hold talks in coffeehouse of Chinese, coffee culture attached great contribution to china economic development. Sino-American business over the last five decades has dramatically increased not only in terms of volume but in complexity as well. And it is more and more recognized that international trade is much concerned with price and product and meanwhile it is also closely related to people who manage a complex relational process. Business occupying a prominent place in international trade because any transaction is in some way negotiated even though on a limited range of issues. The success of international business negotiations is decided by a lot of factors, especially the negotiator’s consciousness of cultural difference. As in a cross-cultural business negotiation, negotiators are separated from each other not only by physical features, a totally different language and business etiquette, but also by a different way to perceive the world, to define business goals, to express feeling and thinking, to show invisible motivation and interests. Business negotiation is one of the marketing strategies in the international business activities. To perform well during at the negotiating table, there’s still have a long way to go. It should not be taken as a simple exchange between two languages but also a serious task deserving further study. If we want to do a good job in business circles, it is necessary for us to know some characteristics of business negotiation. We should pay more attention 9 A Study on the Culture of Chinese Tea and Western Coffee to the relationship between business negotiation and culture. 5. Conclusion According to the comparative study I have done above, I have learned that China and Western have a long history of tea drinking and coffee drinking, “Coffee is a product of Western culture, tea is the crystallization of Chinese civilization”( 贾平凹2),but now, we should learn the differences and similarities between them in order to communicate well with western people. It can be concluded that economic development and the cultural communication between China and western countries tea or coffee has its own popular affection. For the paper have no so many places to talk about economic development, hoping will have chance to exert the advantages of cultural communication for promoting the development of economic globalization. Works Cited Aofort. Coffee and Health. 2nd ed. Hongkong: Aofort.com, 2001. Samovar,Larry A., Porter E. Richard. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press:Communication between Cultures. 3rd edition, Beijing, 2000. 陈风, 刘瑾, 廖琪, 李霞, 李佳荣. Tea and Coffee. Baidu, 2012. 陈君慧. 中华茶道. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2012. 金玖廷, 郑美娘, 龙春林. 茶与茶文化. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2012. 矶渊猛. 红茶疯??从中国、英国到全世界. 台湾: 麦田出版, 2009. 贾平凹. 上午咖啡下午茶. 成都: 成都时代出版社, 2008. 陆羽. 茶经. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2010. 梁朵. 茶道. 成都: 成都时代出版社, 2007. 李晓燕, 梁肖露. Introduction of Chinese Tea. 24th ed. Baidu, 2011. 林莹, 毛永年. 爱上咖啡. 北京: 中央编译出版社, 2007. 王桂珍. 高级汉英/英汉口译教程(). 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2002. 吴彦柏. 咖啡馆:实实在在127道香醇浓郁的冰热咖啡. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004. 星巴克. 企业简介. 3rd ed. 百度百科, 2012. 杨江帆. 茶叶企业经营管理. 北京: 北京中国农业出版社, 2006. 张忠良, 毛先颉. 中国世界茶文化. 北京: 时事出版社, 2006. 张箭. 咖啡的起源、发展、传播及饮料文化初探. 南京: 中国农业出版社, 2006. 郑万春. 咖啡的历史. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨出版社, 2007. 10